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Fc Mediated Activity Of Antibodies
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Book Synopsis Fc Mediated Activity of Antibodies by : Jeffrey V. Ravetch
Download or read book Fc Mediated Activity of Antibodies written by Jeffrey V. Ravetch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores several aspects of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo, ranging from cancer immunotherapy to autoimmunity, infection, and vaccination. Divided into seven chapters, it provides in-depth insights into how antibodies and especially the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain modulate immune responses and antibody activity. The book begins by discussing evolutionary aspects of how the family of Fc receptors that are the key molecules for antibody activity evolved. In turn, it addresses the molecular and cellular pathways underlying IgG activity in cancer immunotherapy, and focuses on how IgG glycosylation regulates IgG and IgE activity in autoimmunity, allergy and infection. In closing, it presents strategies for developing novel antibody-based vaccination approaches. The book is intended for a very broad readership, including graduate students, postdocs and principal investigators with a basic grasp of immunology.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. - Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro - Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies - Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Book Synopsis Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc-Receptor Polymorphism by : Guido Ferrari
Download or read book Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc-Receptor Polymorphism written by Guido Ferrari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity by : Falk Nimmerjahn
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity written by Falk Nimmerjahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the function of antibodies in vivo. Recent years have seen an exponential growth in knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of antibody activity. These new results dramatically changed our view of how antibodies function in vivo. The importance of this class of molecules is demonstrated by the heightened susceptibility to infections of humans and mice with an altered capacity to generate pathogen specific antibody responses. Thus, the majority of our currently available vaccines, such as vaccines against influenza, measles and hepatitis focus on the generation of long lasting antibody responses. Recent evidence from a variety of in vivo model systems and from human patient cohorts has highlighted the exclusive role of cellular Fc-receptors for certain immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. With the recent discovery of a human Fc-receptor for IgM all different human immunoglobulin isotypes now have a cellular receptor, providing a feedback mechanism and link between antibodies and the cellular components of the immune system. Moreover it has become clear the complement and Fc-receptor system are tightly connected and regulate each other to ensure a well balanced immune response. Among the immunoglobulin isotypes IgG plays a very important protective role against microbial infections and also as a therapeutic agent to kill tumor cells or autoantibody producing B cells in autoimmune disease. Transfer of our knowledge about the crucial function of Fc-receptors has led to the production of a second generation of therapeutic antibodies with enhanced binding to this class of receptors. Binding of antibodies to Fc-receptors leads to the recruitment of the potent pro-inflammatory effector functions of cells from the innate immune system. Hence, Fc-receptors link the innate and adaptive immune system, emphasizing the importance of both arms of the immune system and their crosstalk during anti-microbial immune responses. Besides this pro-inflammatory activity immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are long known to also have an anti-inflammatory function. This is demonstrated by the use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic agent in many human autoimmune diseases. During the past five years several new insights into the molecular and cellular pathways of this anti-inflammatory activity were gained radically changing our view of IgG function in vivo. Several lines of evidence suggest that the sugar moiety attached to the IgG molecule is responsible for these opposing activities and may be seen as a molecular switch enabling the immune system to change IgG function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory activity. There is convincing evidence in mice and humans that aberrant IgG glycosylation could be an important new pathway for understanding the impaired antibody activity during autoimmune disease. Besides this tremendous increase in basic knowledge about factors influencing immunoglobulin activity the book will also provide insights into how these new insights might help to generate novel therapeutic approaches to enhance IgG activity for tumor therapy on the one hand, and how to block the self-destructive activity of IgG autoantibodies during autoimmune disease on the other hand.
Book Synopsis Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc-Receptor Polymorphism Volume II by : Guido Ferrari
Download or read book Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc-Receptor Polymorphism Volume II written by Guido Ferrari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-29 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antibody Fc by : Victor Raúl Gómez Román
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Victor Raúl Gómez Román and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is an immune mechanism through which Fc receptor-bearing effector cells can recognize and kill antibody-coated target cells expressing tumor- or pathogen-derived antigens on their surface. Numerous associations between ADCC activity, Fc receptor polymorphisms, and clinical outcomes have been observed in both the settings of vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapy. Here, the effector cells and receptors involved in ADCC are introduced, followed by a description of the four main stages and mechanisms leading to the antibody-dependent effector-mediated killing of the target cell: (1) Recognition of the target cell and Fc receptor cross-linking on the surface of the effector cell; (2) phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) by cellular src kinases within the effector cell; (3) triggering of three main downstream signaling pathways in the effector cell, resulting in cytotoxic granule polarization and release; and (4) killing of the target cell via the predominant perforin/granzyme cell death pathway. Further, a summary and a discussion are presented in relation to case studies in which in vitro ADCC activity correlates with protection against infectious diseases and outcomes in monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer in vivo . The means by which these mechanisms are currently being exploited by recombinant antibody engineering, and a path toward a future in which designed vaccines take advantage of variant ADCC activity are also discussed. Throughout the chapter, attention is drawn to the fact that, while the majority of ADCC studies have been based on research using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in which NK cells have been assumed to be the main effectors, questions remain unanswered about ADCC mediated by non-NK cell populations in peripheral blood and in mucosal compartments.
Book Synopsis FC Receptors and Their Antibodies: Role in Disease and Immunotherapy by : Remy Nelson
Download or read book FC Receptors and Their Antibodies: Role in Disease and Immunotherapy written by Remy Nelson and published by Foster Academics. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fc receptor is a protein which is present on the surface of cells such as macrophages, B lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils and human platelets. Fc receptors allow the cells to connect with antibodies which are attached to the microbe's surface, and help the cells in identifying and eliminating the pathogens. Antibodies (Ab) protect against infectious agents by binding to pathogens and preventing their entry into target cells. They also facilitate the recruitment of Fc-receptor bearing cells that can eliminate pathogens or infected cells by mediating phagocytosis or cytotoxic activity known as Fc-mediated functions. Antibodies can be classified as neutralizing (nAb) antibodies and non-neutralizing (non-nAb) antibodies. Neutralizing (nAb) antibodies can mediate both functions and non-neutralizing (non-nAb) antibodies are limited to Fc-mediated functions. Non-nAb plays an important role in providing protection against a variety of viral infections, including smallpox, sindbis, yellow fever, ebola, and influenza. It also provides protection from non-viral infections such as tuberculosis and malaria. This book provides comprehensive insights on Fc receptors and their antibodies, as well as their role in disease and immunotherapy. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Marije B. Overdijk and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, lack of specificity for cancer cells has been a major problem in cancer treatment; however, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which combine high specificity with multiple mechanisms of action (MoAs), started a revolution in anti-cancer treatment options which continues to date. As of January 2013, 15 major antibody products were being marketed for cancer treatment in various countries around the globe, 10 of which are unmodified mAbs, which generally have multiple potential MoAs and may act via direct, Fab-domain-related effects or indirect, Fc-domain-related effects. Fc-domain-related effects consist of immune-mediated effector functions, which include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). ADCC and ADCP depend on the engagement of Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) on immune effector cells by Fc-domains clustered due to antibody–antigen binding. Similarly, CDC depends on the engagement of proteins of the complement system by clustered antibody Fc domains. In this chapter, preclinical and clinical studies with approved anti-cancer mAbs are reviewed, with an emphasis on the role of FcγR-mediated effector functions. The importance of therapeutic antibody–FcγR interactions for human treatment can be deduced from correlations of clinical responses with FcγR polymorphisms, results supported by a wealth of preclinical and in vitro studies.
Book Synopsis Antibody Fc Engineering: Towards Better Therapeutics by : Tianlei Ying
Download or read book Antibody Fc Engineering: Towards Better Therapeutics written by Tianlei Ying and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antibody Glycosylation by : Marija Pezer
Download or read book Antibody Glycosylation written by Marija Pezer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent advances in antibody glycosylation research. Covering major topics relevant for immunoglobulin glycosylation - analytical methods, biosynthesis and regulation, modulation of effector functions - it provides new perspectives for research and development in the field of therapeutic antibodies, biomarkers, vaccinations, and immunotherapy. Glycans attached to both variable and constant regions of antibodies are known to affect the antibody conformation, stability, and effector functions. Although it focuses on immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most explored antibody in this context, and unravels the natural phenomena resulting from the mixture of IgG glycovariants present in the human body, the book also discusses other classes of human immunoglobulins, as well as immunoglobulins produced in other species and production systems. Further, it reviews the glycoanalytical methods applied to antibodies and addresses a range of less commonly explored topics, such as automatization and bioinformatics aspects of high-throughput antibody glycosylation analysis. Lastly, the book highlights application areas ranging from the ones already benefitting from antibody glycoengineering (such as monoclonal antibody production), to those still in the research stages (such as exploration of antibody glycosylation as a clinical or biological age biomarker), and the potential use of antibody glycosylation in the optimization of vaccine production and immunization protocols. Summarizing the current knowledge on the broad topic of antibody glycosylation and its therapeutic and biomarker potential, this book will appeal to a wide biomedical readership in academia and industry alike. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Antibody Engineering by : William R Strohl
Download or read book Therapeutic Antibody Engineering written by William R Strohl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of antibody engineering has become a vital and integral part of making new, improved next generation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, of which there are currently more than 300 in clinical trials across several therapeutic areas. Therapeutic antibody engineering examines all aspects of engineering monoclonal antibodies and analyses the effect that various genetic engineering approaches will have on future candidates. Chapters in the first part of the book provide an introduction to monoclonal antibodies, their discovery and development and the fundamental technologies used in their production. Following chapters cover a number of specific issues relating to different aspects of antibody engineering, including variable chain engineering, targets and mechanisms of action, classes of antibody and the use of antibody fragments, among many other topics. The last part of the book examines development issues, the interaction of human IgGs with non-human systems, and cell line development, before a conclusion looking at future issues affecting the field of therapeutic antibody engineering. - Goes beyond the standard engineering issues covered by most books and delves into structure-function relationships - Integration of knowledge across all areas of antibody engineering, development, and marketing - Discusses how current and future genetic engineering of cell lines will pave the way for much higher productivity
Book Synopsis Process Scale Purification of Antibodies by : Uwe Gottschalk
Download or read book Process Scale Purification of Antibodies written by Uwe Gottschalk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoting a continued and much-needed renaissance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, this book covers the different strategies and assembles top-tier technology experts to address the challenges of antibody purification. • Updates existing topics and adds new ones that include purification of antibodies produced in novel production systems, novel separation technologies, novel antibody formats and alternative scaffolds, and strategies for ton-scale manufacturing • Presents new and updated discussions of different purification technologies, focusing on how they can address the capacity crunch in antibody purification • Emphasizes antibodies and innovative chromatography methods for processing
Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy
Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Robert M. Anthony and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IgG antibodies are highly potent molecules, with the unique ability to link foreign particles to innate immune cells. IgG antibodies recognize antigens with high affinity and bind cellular Fc receptors with low affinity individually. These interactions occur in the form of immune complexes, resulting in high-avidity interactions. In fact, the effector functions triggered by IgG antibodies are highly dependent on the type of Fc receptor that is bound; however, many aspects can influence Fc receptor binding by IgG antibodies, including the IgG isotype and the composition of the glycan on the IgG antibody. Further, FcγR expression is not stagnant but instead is affected by the inflammatory milieu. These considerations, and others that affect targeting of IgG Fcs to specific FcγRs to elicit desired effector functions, are discussed herein.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by George J. Weiner and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including rituximab, are now a mainstay in the therapy of cancer. Despite their undeniable therapeutic value, there is much we do not fully understand about the mechanisms of action responsible for their anti-tumor effects. These mechanisms are often studied in isolation. In this chapter, we will review the mechanisms of action of anti-cancer mAbs and discuss how they interact. The focus of this discussion will be on rituximab, but similar conclusions can be reached with other mAbs.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Scott B. Halstead and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the benefits of antibody responses are widely known, pathogens are also able to exploit antibodies to facilitate cell entry and potentially alter the cellular response via interactions with Fc receptors. This phenomenon, known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease, is a factor in numerous human and veterinary diseases. It is thought to result from innate cellular responses to Fcγ receptor-facilitated entry of infectious microbial immune complexes, and paradoxically results in increased production of pathogenic organisms. ADE has been described in vitro in numerous settings, but the strongest data regarding the in vivo impact of this mechanism on human disease come from human disease and animal models of dengue and leishmanial infections. This chapter reviews the literature of ADE in relation to the innate immune responses to Fcγ receptor ligation by infectious IgG immune complexes and discusses the research frontiers regarding this harmful antibody activity.
Book Synopsis Biosimilars of Monoclonal Antibodies by : Cheng Liu
Download or read book Biosimilars of Monoclonal Antibodies written by Cheng Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing a significant need by describing the science and process involved to develop biosimilars of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs, this book covers all aspects of biosimilar development: preclinical, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing. • Guides readers through the complex landscape involved with developing biosimilar versions of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs • Features flow charts, tables, and figures that clearly illustrate processes and makes the book comprehensible and accessible • Includes a review of FDA-approved mAb drugs as a quick reference to facts and useful information • Examines new technologies and strategies for improving biosimilar mAbs
