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Fate Of Free Masked And Conjugated Modified Forms Of Mycotoxins
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Book Synopsis Fate of Free, “Masked” and Conjugated/Modified forms of Mycotoxins by : Michele Suman
Download or read book Fate of Free, “Masked” and Conjugated/Modified forms of Mycotoxins written by Michele Suman and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade is highly affected by mycotoxin contaminations, which result in an annual 5% to 10% loss of global crop production. In the last decade, the mycotoxin scenario has been complicated by the progressive understanding—alongside emerging mycotoxins—of the parallel presence of modified (masked and conjugated) forms, in addition to the previously free known ones. The present Toxins Special Issue presents original research papers and reviews that deal with the fates of all these forms of mycotoxins with respect to aspects that cover traditional and industrial food processing, yearly grain campaign peculiar conditions and management, novel analytical solutions, consumer exposure, and biomarker-assessment directions. It gives a taste of an exciting scientific field that has several implications for our daily life because (i) it covers our diet practically and from every point of view, (ii) it intersects with our culinary uses and customs, but also industrial production processes, and (iii) it involves a careful evaluation of costs and benefits and a constant and continuous improvement of mycotoxin mitigation strategies.
Book Synopsis Fate of Free, “Masked” and Conjugated/Modified Forms of Mycotoxins by : Michele Suman
Download or read book Fate of Free, “Masked” and Conjugated/Modified Forms of Mycotoxins written by Michele Suman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade is highly affected by mycotoxin contaminations, which result in an annual 5% to 10% loss of global crop production. In the last decade, the mycotoxin scenario has been complicated by the progressive understanding--alongside emerging mycotoxins--of the parallel presence of modified (masked and conjugated) forms, in addition to the previously free known ones. The present Toxins Special Issue presents original research papers and reviews that deal with the fates of all these forms of mycotoxins with respect to aspects that cover traditional and industrial food processing, yearly grain campaign peculiar conditions and management, novel analytical solutions, consumer exposure, and biomarker-assessment directions. It gives a taste of an exciting scientific field that has several implications for our daily life because (i) it covers our diet practically and from every point of view, (ii) it intersects with our culinary uses and customs, but also industrial production processes, and (iii) it involves a careful evaluation of costs and benefits and a constant and continuous improvement of mycotoxin mitigation strategies.
Book Synopsis Masked Mycotoxins in Food by : Chiara Dall'Asta
Download or read book Masked Mycotoxins in Food written by Chiara Dall'Asta and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to cover this fast developing field, Masked Mycotoxins in Food will provide a full overview of the issues relating to the toxicology of masked mycotoxins present in food products. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring chemicals produced by moulds that can grow on crops and foodstuffs. Masked mycotoxins are modified mycotoxins, due to this modification many cannot be detected using standard analytical techniques, for example HPLC and ELISA, and further research is needed to understand the health risks and threats from these modified compounds.Masked mycotoxin research is an area of toxicological research that has gained significant interest and momentum in recent years. The aim of this book is to provide a full picture of the topic, from the masked mycotoxin formation in plants to their catabolic fate in humans. The book also provides new insights and will highlight possible gaps in the knowledge base of this relatively new area. Edited and written by World renowned experts working within the field, this book is of interest to toxicologists and biochemists, but also food scientists and agricultural researchers working in industry and academia.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicoses by : Karuna Singh
Download or read book Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicoses written by Karuna Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive view on mycotoxins of agricultural as well as non-agricultural environments and their health effects in humans and animals. Mycotoxins have immunosuppressive effects; but some of them can cause cancers, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, liver and kidney damage, birth defects, DNA damage and respiratory disorders. The problem of mycotoxins is long-lasting and their direct or indirect exposures to humans and animals must be further discussed. The first chapter will cover the historical perspective of mycotoxins along with timeline while the second one will provide overview including classification of mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses. The comprehensive information/ literature on traditional, emerging and mushroom mycotoxins will be given in chapters 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Chapter 6 will deal with mycotoxins co-occurrence poisoning whereas new and masked mycotoxins will be described in chapter 7. The important aspects of mycotoxin studies like extraction, characterization and analysis and management strategies will be summarized in 8 and 9 chapters. The last chapter of the book will cover the recent developments in toxicokinetic studies of mycotoxins. The book will have the most up-to-date information and recent discoveries to deliver accurate data and to illustrate essential points to a wide range of readers including mycologists, clinicians, agricultural scientists, chemists, veterinarians, environmentalists and food scientists.
Book Synopsis Application of LC-MS/MS in the Mycotoxins Studies by : Laura Gámiz-Gracia
Download or read book Application of LC-MS/MS in the Mycotoxins Studies written by Laura Gámiz-Gracia and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungi of different species (mainly Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium), with toxic effects for humans and animals. These mycotoxins can contaminate food and feed. The European Union (EU) has established the maximum permitted or recommended levels for well-known mycotoxins in different foodstuffs. However, there are other mycotoxins that are not included in the regulations: the “emerging mycotoxins” (whose toxicity is still not clear), and the “modified or masked mycotoxins” (produced as a consequence of a detoxification strategy of the host plant of the fungus or during food processing). These mycotoxins could pose a risk and should also be taken into account. In order to assure consumers’ health, analytical methods for the accurate determination of mycotoxins in different food matrices and feeds are required. In this sense, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is a powerful tool for their unique identification and quantification. Moreover, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) allows one to identify novel mycotoxins and targeted/untargeted approaches for study. This Special Issue compiles recent applications of LC–MS/MS in mycotoxin studies, as well as the development and validation of new analytical methods for their identification and quantification in different food matrices and feed, occurrence studies, and the biomonitoring of mycotoxins and their metabolites in biological fluids.
Book Synopsis Environmental Toxicology by : Luis M. Botana
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Luis M. Botana and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-10-30 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 2217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, Three Volume Set is the ideal primer for food scientists, researchers, students and young professionals who want to acquaint themselves with food chemistry. Well-organized, clearly written, and abundantly referenced, the book provides a foundation for readers to understand the principles, concepts, and techniques used in food chemistry applications. Articles are written by international experts and cover a wide range of topics, including food chemistry, food components and their interactions, properties (flavor, aroma, texture) the structure of food, functional foods, processing, storage, nanoparticles for food use, antioxidants, the Maillard and Strecker reactions, process derived contaminants, and the detection of economically-motivated food adulteration. The encyclopedia will provide readers with an introduction to specific topics within the wider context of food chemistry, as well as helping them identify the links between the various sub-topics. Offers readers a comprehensive understanding of food chemistry and the various connections between the sub-topics Provides an authoritative introduction for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and upwards Meticulously organized, with articles structured logically based on the various elements of food chemistry
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition by : M. Francesch
Download or read book Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition written by M. Francesch and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together 19 full length manuscripts from invited speakers and nearly 300 abstracts from oral and poster communications presented at the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition held in Salou/Vila-seca, Spain in May 2017. The invited papers address aspects of poultry nutrition such as feed intake and thermoregulation, feeding strategies and gastrointestinal health, precision feeding (feeding strategies and nutrient requirements), optimized use of feed ingredients, and other hot topics such as updating P requirements of broilers, mycotoxins and future perspectives of poultry production. The open communication abstracts deal with the latest research on poultry nutrition, including feed raw materials, protein sources and amino acids, feed additives and enzymes, nutrition and gut health, mineral nutrition, among other topics.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and Bioweapons by : Mahendra Rai
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and Bioweapons written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are made by different biosynthetic pathways, and they have an extremely wide range of pharmacological effects. This book will update readers on several cutting-edge aspects of mycotoxin research, including topics such as: new analytical methods for detection; the adoption of an ancient Mexican process for detoxification of aflatoxins; mycotoxin management in Ireland, Lithuania and South America; mycotoxin reduction through plant breeding and integrated management practices; and natural aflatoxin inhibitors from medicinal plants. Further contributions examine ochratoxins, selected trichothecenes, zearalenone, and aflatoxin-like gene clusters, as well as sclerotial development in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Of particular interest are the chapters on the potential use of mycotoxins as bioweapons. This book will stimulate new thinking on the need to develop therapeutic as well as preventative interventions to reduce the toxicological threat of mycotoxins.
Book Synopsis Food Analysis by HPLC by : Leo M.L. Nollet
Download or read book Food Analysis by HPLC written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For food scientists, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful tool for product composition testing and assuring product quality. Since the last edition of this volume was published, great strides have been made in HPLC analysis techniques-with particular attention given to miniaturization, automatization, and green chemistry. Tho
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins Study by : Cristina Juan García
Download or read book Mycotoxins Study written by Cristina Juan García and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of the presence of mycotoxins in different matrices is achieved through different analytical tools (including quantitative or qualitative determinations). Studies of mycotoxin isolation, using chromatographyc equipment coupled to spectrometry detectors (QTrap-MS/MS, MS/MS tandem, QTOF-MS/MS), are the most useful tools to control their presence. All these studies represent key steps in the establishment of the limits of detection, limits of quantification, points of identification, accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of different procedures. The maximum permitted or recommended levels for mycotoxins in different matrices are within a wide range (including the levels tolerated by infants and animals). In addition, decontaminated strategies, as well as control and evaluation of exposure, are demanded by authorities and food safety systems. These authorities are not only concerned with the determination of mycotoxin presence but also with the toxicological effects of mycotoxins, and in vivo or in vitro assays are necessary for a complete evaluation. In fact, these assays are the basis for the control and prevention of population exposure to mycotoxins in dietary exposure studies. The most recent surveys focused on regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenones) and emerging toxins, such as enniatins and beauvericin in adult consumers, while very few studies have monitored mycotoxin levels in infant products. This Book of Toxins comprises 11 original contributions and one review. New findings regarding presence of mycotoxins in aromatic and medicinal plants, mango and orange juice, juices, pulps, jams, and beer, from Morocco, Pakistan, and Portugal are reported. In these studies, innovative techniques to study their presence has been developed, including liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse mycotoxins and conjugated mycotoxins. Novel strategies to detect mycotoxin presence and comparisons the characteristics of a rapid quantitative analysis of different mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone) are also presented using acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases and photobacterial strains of luminescent cells. Additionally, toxicological effects of zearalenone metabolites and beauvericin on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells are presented. One important point in the control of mycotoxins is related to decontaminated strategies, and in this sense the efficacy of potentially probiotic fruit-derived Lactobacillus isolates in removing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is presented. Other mycotoxin decontaminated techniques included in this book are electron beam irradiation (EBI) and degradation of zearalenone and ochratoxin A using ozone. Finally, a review that summarizes the newly discovered macrocyclic trichothecenes and their bioactivities over the last decade is included.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Feed and Food Chain by : Filippo Rossi
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Feed and Food Chain written by Filippo Rossi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with mycotoxins, their presence in various types of food, and how to prevent their presence in food . In addition to well-known molecules, such as aflatoxins or fumonisins, some contributors have dealt with emerging mycotoxins (e.g., alternaria toxins, botryodiplodin). Readers of the book can also find a new approach to reducing aflatoxins and fumonisins in food. In conclusion, the book presents both new mycotoxins and new information on old mycotoxins.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances and Perspectives in Deoxynivalenol Research by : Marc Maresca
Download or read book Recent Advances and Perspectives in Deoxynivalenol Research written by Marc Maresca and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds. Although the primary role of these toxins is thought to be related to the colonisation of the environment by the fungi--mycotoxins are able to kill other micro-organisms (antimicrobial effect) and/or plant cells (mycotoxin-producing fungi being necrophagic)--the exposure of animals and humans to mycotoxins through the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feeds leads to diseases and death. Among the different mycotoxins described (more than 350 mycotoxins have been identified), deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) produced by Fusarium species has attracted the most attention due to its prevalence and toxicity. DON is part of a family of mycotoxins called trichothecenes that are small sesquiterpenoids with an epoxide group at positions 12-13 allowing their binding to ribosomes causing the so-called ribosome stress response, characterized by the activation of various protein kinases that lead to alterations in gene expression and cellular toxicity in animals, humans and plants. Here, we compiled very recent findings regarding DON and its derivatives: i) their prevalence in human food; ii) the estimation of the exposure of humans to them using biological markers; iii) their roles during plant-fungi interaction; iv) the alteration caused by them in animals and humans, particularly at low doses that are close to those observed in farm animals and human consumers; v) possible strategies to decrease their presence in food and feeds. Overall, this book will give the reader a clear and global view on this important mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species which is responsible for huge economic loss and health issues. Dr. Marc Maresca Guest Editor
Book Synopsis Fusarium Mycotoxins by : Anne E. Desjardins
Download or read book Fusarium Mycotoxins written by Anne E. Desjardins and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Also included is a thorough review of the molecular genetics of both trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis, presenting more than 15 years of molecular biological research in an accessible form. Part one then reviews the natural occurrence and toxicity of agriculturally important mycotoxins, with historical case studies of suspected mycotoxicoses in humans and animals. These chapters also contain updates on the molecular genetics of additional mycotoxins and the importance of mycotoxins in plant diseases. This useful reference presents concise descriptions of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species, as defined by the most recent concepts of fungal species biology and evolution. Each species' report includes a risk assessment based on its mycotoxin profile, occurrence in food and feed crops, and association with human and animal mycotoxicoses. Data on species distribution, mycotoxin profiles, and animal toxicity facilitate risk assessment for food and feed safety.
Book Synopsis Formula for the future: nutrition or pathology? by : J.A. Taylor-Pickard
Download or read book Formula for the future: nutrition or pathology? written by J.A. Taylor-Pickard and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal production is constantly changing. Over recent years, feed costs have increased significantly. Furthermore, today more emphasis is being placed on the health and welfare of production animals and birds, and in particular to the risk of zoonoses and potential food scares. The pig and poultry industries must now address not only the costs and efficiency of production, but also the impact of health and disease to both animals and the consumer. This edited collection of papers is taken from a series of seminars that brought together some of the world's leading authorities in the field of pig and poultry nutrition, health and production. The fundamental theme is to address the issues of nutrition and health, and in particular to cover the interactions and potential conflicts between the two. The importance of digestive function and the influence of nutrition on health and disease are covered in-depth. Strategies to combat salmonella and mycotoxins are also discussed. 'Formula for the future: nutrition or pathology' is aimed at nutritionists, veterinarians and animal producers as well as students and researchers studying animal and applied biological sciences.
Book Synopsis Food Safety & Mycotoxins by : Aibo Wu
Download or read book Food Safety & Mycotoxins written by Aibo Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are increasingly attracting attention at thegovernmental, public and academic level worldwide, due to more frequent and serious contaminations of food and feedstuffs, which pose a serious threat to human health and animal production. This book reviews the latest research on mycotoxins that directly concern food safety, and especially focuses on detection technologies, risk assessment and control strategiescurrently being used in China. Gathering contributions from over 20 respected researchers, the book will benefit graduatestudents, researchers and management groups from various disciplines, including food science and technology, analytical chemistry, plant pathology, public health, etc.
Book Synopsis Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed by : Sarah De Saeger
Download or read book Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed written by Sarah De Saeger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins - toxic secondary metabolites produced by mycotoxigenic fungi – pose a significant risk to the food chain. Indeed, they may be the most hazardous of all food contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity and legislative limits on their levels in food and feed continue to be developed worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for the determination of both mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in food and feed are therefore essential. This book reviews current and emerging methods in this area. Part one focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation and clean-up and key determination techniques, such as chromatographic separation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods. Part two then goes on to describe quality assurance, official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed. Topics covered include laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty. The development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins are discussed in part three. Individual chapters focus on detecting exposure in humans and animals. Part four is concerned with the processes involved in determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed. It also describes the identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis, as well as DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi. Finally, part five explores some of the emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis, ranging from bio-sensing to spectroscopic techniques. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Determining mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed is a standard reference for all those concerned with reducing mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. Focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation, clean-up and key determination techniques Documents quality assurance and official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed Explores the processes of determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed including the identification of genes and gene clusters
