Fast Flexible And Area Efficient Decoders For Polar Codes

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Fast, Flexible, and Area-efficient Decoders for Polar Codes

Author : Seyyed Ali Hashemi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Fast, Flexible, and Area-efficient Decoders for Polar Codes by : Seyyed Ali Hashemi

Download or read book Fast, Flexible, and Area-efficient Decoders for Polar Codes written by Seyyed Ali Hashemi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polar codes have received a great deal of attention in the past few years to the extent that they are selected to be included in the 5th Generation of Wireless Communications Standard (5G). Specifically, polar codes were selected as the coding scheme for the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) control channel which requires codes of short length. The main bottleneck in the deployment of polar codes in 5G is the design of a decoder which can achieve good error-correction performance, with low hardware implementation cost and high throughput. Successive-Cancellation (SC) decoding was the first algorithm under which polar codes could achieve capacity when the code length is very high. However, for finite practical code lengths, SC decoding falls short in providing a reasonable error-correction performance because of its sub-optimality with respect to the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoder. Sphere Decoding (SD) is an algorithm that can achieve the performance of ML decoding with a very high complexity. In order to close the gap between SC and ML decoding, Successive-Cancellation List (SCL) decoding keeps a list of candidates and selects the one with the best Path Metric (PM). Although SCL provides a good error-correction performance, it comes at the cost of higher complexity and lower throughput. In this thesis, we first propose a low complexity SD algorithm which provides a good trade-off between the error-correction performance and the complexity of the decoder for polar codes of short lengths. We then propose algorithms to speed up the SCL decoders. We prove that while these algorithms have much higher throughput than the conventional SCL decoder, they incur no error-correction performance loss. We further propose several techniques to reduce the area occupation in the hardware implementation of SC and SCL decoders by reducing their memory requirements. We solve the flexibility issue of fast SC-based decoders and introduce a completely rate-flexible scheme. Hardware architectures for the proposed algorithms are presented and comparisons with state of the art are made. Finally, we evaluate the performance of polar codes in 5G and we show that polar codes can be used in practical applications by proposing a blind detection scheme with polar codes." --

High-Speed Decoders for Polar Codes

Author : Pascal Giard
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319597825
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Speed Decoders for Polar Codes by : Pascal Giard

Download or read book High-Speed Decoders for Polar Codes written by Pascal Giard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new class of provably capacity achieving error-correction codes, polar codes are suitable for many problems, such as lossless and lossy source coding, problems with side information, multiple access channel, etc. The first comprehensive book on the implementation of decoders for polar codes, the authors take a tutorial approach to explain the practical decoder implementation challenges and trade-offs in either software or hardware. They also demonstrate new trade-offs in latency, throughput, and complexity in software implementations for high-performance computing and GPGPUs, and hardware implementations using custom processing elements, full-custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable-gate arrays (FPGAs). Presenting a good overview of this research area and future directions, High-Speed Decoders for Polar Codes is perfect for any researcher or SDR practitioner looking into implementing efficient decoders for polar codes, as well as students and professors in a modern error correction class. As polar codes have been accepted to protect the control channel in the next-generation mobile communication standard (5G) developed by the 3GPP, the audience includes engineers who will have to implement decoders for such codes and hardware engineers designing the backbone of communication networks.

Algorithms and Implementations for Practical and Energy-effecient Polar Decoders

Author : Furkan Ercan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Algorithms and Implementations for Practical and Energy-effecient Polar Decoders by : Furkan Ercan

Download or read book Algorithms and Implementations for Practical and Energy-effecient Polar Decoders written by Furkan Ercan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polar codes are a class of error-correcting codes that can provably achieve the channel capacity and have simple encoding and decoding mechanisms. Due to their attractive properties, the interest in polar codes has been increasing rapidly in recent years and they have been adopted for use in the $5^{\text{th}}$ generation (5G) wireless systems standard. Specifically, they have been chosen as the coding scheme for the control channel of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) use case, and they are being considered for other use cases within 5G. Successive cancellation (SC) decoding is the primary decoding algorithm of polar codes and has low implementation complexity. The two main problems of SC decoding is its mediocre error-correction performance at practical codeword lengths and its long latency due to its sequential nature. To overcome the latency problem, fast decoding techniques have been introduced to speed up the decoding process by an order of magnitude. Secondly, several SC-based decoding algorithms have been proposed to improve the decoding performance, such as SC-List (SCL) and SC-Flip (SCF) decoding. SCL decoding uses parallel SC decoders to improve error-correction performance and therefore suffers from high implementation complexity. On the other hand, the SCF decoding algorithm uses multiple iterations of SC decoding to improve error-correction performance and maintains a similar implementation complexity to that of SC decoding. Therefore, SCF is a promising low-complexity alternative to SCL decoding.This thesis covers several improvements for SC and SCF-based polar decoders. First, we describe how to utilize the hardware resources of fast SC decoding more efficiently and show how to improve the throughput. Second, we propose a partitioned decoding scheme for the SCF algorithm that is able to improve the error-correction performance and reduce the average number of iterations. Third, we describe how to implement energy-efficient polar decoders using fast SC and fast SCF algorithms. We propose the first fast SCF decoder in hardware and show that an energy-efficient approach with improved throughput is possible. Then, we describe the Thresholded SCF (TSCF) algorithm, which has improved error-correction performance and less computational complexity than the conventional SCF algorithm. We implement fast decoding techniques to create the Fast-TSCF decoder that is able to outperform decoders of similar performance in terms of throughput and area efficiency. Finally, we describe many simplifications and optimizations for the Dynamic SCF (DSCF) decoding algorithm, which is known for its significantly improved error-correction performance but has impractical computations. We replace its transcendental computations with simple approximations, introduce fast decoding techniques, reduce its computational complexity by using a theoretical framework, and demonstrate with hardware implementation. The proposed practical DSCF implementation is able to match the error-correction performance and throughput of SCL-based decoders with large list sizes and stands as a low-complexity alternative"--

Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Polar Codes

Author : Gabi Sarkis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Polar Codes by : Gabi Sarkis

Download or read book Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Polar Codes written by Gabi Sarkis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Error-correcting codes enable reliable and efficient data communication and storage and have become an indispensable part of information processing systems. Polar codes are the latest discovery in the quest for more powerful error correction. They are the first codes with an explicit construction to provably achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels. Moreover, this performance is realizable using the low complexity successive-cancellation decoding algorithm. Despite their attractive theoretical properties, polar codes suffer from two major issues hindering practical implementations: a slow decoding algorithm and mediocre error-correction performance at moderate code lengths. Solutions to these problems in the literature have been mutually exclusive. Decoding speed can be increased, but at the cost of degrading error-correction capability. On the other hand, the error-correction performance can be greatly improved using a list decoding algorithm, which incurs a large cost in both decoding speed and memory requirements. This incompatibility in solutions must be resolved before polar codes become practical. This thesis presents novel, compatible solutions to these problems. It introduces a new decoding algorithm that has the same error-correction performance as successive cancellation, but offers significantly lower latency and higher throughput. A corresponding decoder implementation is shown to be an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art in the literature. Next, the speed of successive-cancellation list decoders for polar codes is improved without degrading error-correction performance. The resulting software decoders implementing the proposed algorithm offer throughput and error-correction performance exceeding the best in the literature and meeting the requirements for the 802.11n WiFi standard. This work also brings to light another beneficial property of polar codes that had not been studied before. It presents encoders and decoders that can operate on polar codes of any length and rate, while maintaining low implementation complexity and fast operating speed. Such implementations are important in systems that must adapt to varying channel conditions. Finally, two methods are introduced that improve error-correction performance without incurring the memory overhead of list decoding. The first targets systems where re-transmission is impossible or highly undesirable. The second improves the performance of software decoders using polar codes with rates very close to the channel capacity." --

Towards Practical Length-compatible Polar Codes

Author : Adam Cavatassi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Practical Length-compatible Polar Codes by : Adam Cavatassi

Download or read book Towards Practical Length-compatible Polar Codes written by Adam Cavatassi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2008, a new class of block error correction codes, known as polar codes, were provenby Erdal Arıkan to be able to achieve the Shannon limit. Through inventive new de-coding algorithms and fast code constructions, polar codes have become an attractivehigh-performance error correction code for practical use. These innovations have resultedin adoption of polar codes in the upcoming 3GPP 5 th generation standard for New Ra-dio. Still, polar codes are hindered by certain inflexible characteristics. Arıkan's originalpolar code definition limits block lengths to powers of two, due to a recursive Kroneckerproduct of the 2 × 2 polarizing kernel. This constraint presents a considerable obstacle,as many realistic scenarios call for all code lengths to be readily available. Rate-matchingtechniques, known as puncturing and shortening, allow for flexible polar code lengths,albeit with inefficient decoding complexity. Multi-kernel polar codes produce native codelengths that are powers of two and/or three with the addition of a 3 × 3 ternary kernel,although they necessitate specialized decoders and code design. This thesis will exploreand propose techniques that are intended for maximizing the flexibility and efficiencyof polar codes, as well as analyze any trade-offs affecting error correction performance.An in-depth study is presented that compares state-of-the-art length-flexible polar codeswith the 3GPP standardized polar codes. This inquiry finds that the 5G standard offersa highly simplified polar code construction with minimal loss to error correction per-formance. Further, multi-kernel polar codes were found to have a negative correlationbetween error correction performance and the quantity of ternary Kronecker constituents.This thesis also proposes a new fast successive cancellation decoder that is compliant withmulti-kernel polar codes. The ternary kernel is further investigated by testing its rate-matching and systematic properties. Finally, this thesis proposes a new scheme calledasymmetric polar codes. We present details on generator matrix definition, informa-tion set design, and decoding schedules, as well as perform comparisons with competingschemes using simulations and a comprehensive analysis. Asymmetric polar codes offerflexible block lengths with decoding complexity lower than equivalent length-compatiblepolar codes under successive cancellation. The enclosed findings indicate that asymmetricpolar codes afford comparable error correction performance to the competing schemes,while dividing the number of successive cancellation decoding operations by up to a fac-tor of two. The thesis is then concluded by recommending appropriate extensions of thiswork for future research." --

Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correcting Codes

Author : Chenrong Xiong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339839264
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correcting Codes by : Chenrong Xiong

Download or read book Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correcting Codes written by Chenrong Xiong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To reduce the complexity of the recursive channel combination further, we propose an approximate ML (AML) decoding unit for SCL decoders. In particular, we investigate the distribution of frozen bits of polar codes designed for both the binary erasure and additive white Gaussian noise channels, and take advantage of the distribution to reduce the complexity of the AML decoding unit, improving the throughput-area efficiency of SCL decoders.

Error Correction Coding

Author : Todd K. Moon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119567491
Total Pages : 999 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Error Correction Coding by : Todd K. Moon

Download or read book Error Correction Coding written by Todd K. Moon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing in-depth treatment of error correction Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms, 2nd Edition provides a comprehensive introduction to classical and modern methods of error correction. The presentation provides a clear, practical introduction to using a lab-oriented approach. Readers are encouraged to implement the encoding and decoding algorithms with explicit algorithm statements and the mathematics used in error correction, balanced with an algorithmic development on how to actually do the encoding and decoding. Both block and stream (convolutional) codes are discussed, and the mathematics required to understand them are introduced on a "just-in-time" basis as the reader progresses through the book. The second edition increases the impact and reach of the book, updating it to discuss recent important technological advances. New material includes: Extensive coverage of LDPC codes, including a variety of decoding algorithms A comprehensive introduction to polar codes, including systematic encoding/decoding and list decoding An introduction to fountain codes Modern applications to systems such as HDTV, DVBT2, and cell phones Error Correction Coding includes extensive program files (for example, C++ code for all LDPC decoders and polar code decoders), laboratory materials for students to implement algorithms, and an updated solutions manual, all of which are perfect to help the reader understand and retain the content. The book covers classical BCH, Reed Solomon, Golay, Reed Muller, Hamming, and convolutional codes which are still component codes in virtually every modern communication system. There are also fulsome discussions of recently developed polar codes and fountain codes that serve to educate the reader on the newest developments in error correction.

Topics in Polar Coding

Author : Hanwen Yao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Topics in Polar Coding by : Hanwen Yao

Download or read book Topics in Polar Coding written by Hanwen Yao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of polar codes has been widely acknowledged as one of the most original and profound breakthroughs in coding theory in the recent two decades. Polar codes form the first explicit family of codes that provably achieves Shannon's capacities with efficient encoding and decoding for a wide range of channels. This solves one of the most fundamental problems in coding theory. At the beginning of its invention, polar code is more recognized as an intriguing theoretical topic due its mediocre performance at moderate block lengths. Later, with the invention of the list decoding algorithm and various other techniques, polar codes now show competitive, and in some cases, better performance as compared with turbo and LDPC codes. Due to this and other considerations, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has selected polar codes for control and physical broadcast channels in the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) mode and the ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) mode of the fifth generation (5G) wireless communications standard. In this dissertation, we propose new theories on a wide range of topics in polar coding, including structural properties, construction methods, and decoding algorithms. We begin by looking into the weight distribution of polar codes. As an important characteristic for an error correction code, weight distribution directly gives us estimations on the maximum-likelihood decoding performance of the code. In this dissertation, we present a deterministic algorithm for computing the entire weight distribution of polar codes. We first derive an efficient procedure to compute the weight distribution of polar cosets, and then show that any polar code can be represented as a disjoint union of such polar cosets. We further study the algebraic properties of polar codes as decreasing monomial codes to bound the complexity of our approach. Moreover, we show that this complexity can be drastically reduced using the automorphism group of decreasing monomial codes. Next, we dive into the topic of large kernel polar codes. It has been shown that polar codes achieve capacity at a rather slow speed, where this speed can be measured by a parameter called scaling exponent. One way to improve the scaling exponent of polar codes, is by replacing their conventional 2x2 kernel with a larger polarization kernel. In this dissertation, we propose theories and a construction approach for a special type of large polarization kernels to construct polar codes with better scaling exponents. Our construction method gives us the first explicit family of codes with scaling exponent provably under 3. However, large kernel polar codes are known for their high decoding complexity. In that respect, we also propose a new decoding algorithm that can efficiently perform successive cancellation decoding for large kernel polar codes. Moving on to the decoding algorithms, we focus ourselves on a new family of codes called PAC codes, recently introduced by Arikan, that combines polar codes with convolutional precoding. At short block lengths such as 128, PAC codes show better performance under sequential decoding compared with conventional polar codes with CRC precoding. In this dissertation, we first show that we can achieve the same superior performance of PAC codes using list decoding with relatively large list sizes. Then we carry out a qualitative complexity comparison between sequential decoding and list decoding for PAC codes. Lastly, we look into the subject of polar coded modulation. Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and multilevel coded modulation (MLC) are two ways commonly used to combine polar codes with high order modulation. In this dissertation, we propose a new hybrid polar coded modulation scheme that lies between BICM and MLC. For high order modulation, our hybrid scheme has a latency advantage compared with MLC. And by simulation we show that our hybrid scheme also achieves a considerable performance gain compared with BICM.

5G System Design

Author : Patrick Marsch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119425131
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis 5G System Design by : Patrick Marsch

Download or read book 5G System Design written by Patrick Marsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and standardization progress towards the 5th generation (5G) of mobile communications technology and beyond. It covers a wide range of topics from 5G use cases and their requirements, to spectrum, 5G end-to-end (E2E) system architecture including core network (CN), transport network (TN) and radio access network (RAN) architecture, network slicing, security and network management. It further dives into the detailed functional design and the evaluation of different 5G concepts, and provides details on planned trials and pre-commercial deployments across the globe. While the book naturally captures the latest agreements in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) Release 15, it goes significantly beyond this by describing the likely developments towards the final 5G system that will ultimately utilize a wide range of spectrum bands, address all envisioned 5G use cases, and meet or exceed the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) requirements for the year 2020 and beyond (IMT-2020). 5G System Design: Architectural and Functional Considerations and Long Term Research is based on the knowledge and consensus from 158 leading researchers and standardization experts from 54 companies or institutes around the globe, representing key mobile network operators, network vendors, academic institutions and regional bodies for 5G. Different from earlier books on 5G, it does not focus on single 5G technology components, but describes the full 5G system design from E2E architecture to detailed functional design, including details on 5G performance, implementation and roll-out.

Enhancing Performance, Efficiency, and Security Through Complex Systems Control

Author : Chana, Idriss
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhancing Performance, Efficiency, and Security Through Complex Systems Control by : Chana, Idriss

Download or read book Enhancing Performance, Efficiency, and Security Through Complex Systems Control written by Chana, Idriss and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-01-22 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic scholars and professionals in engineering strive to enhance the performance, efficiency, and security of complex systems, but accessing comprehensive resources for these challenges can be daunting. Enhancing Performance, Efficiency, and Security Through Complex Systems Control offers an ideal solution. Edited by esteemed academics Idriss Chana, Aziz Bouazi, and Hussain Ben-Azza, this book presents a curated collection of scientific articles encompassing multidisciplinary themes like computer science, artificial intelligence, electrical engineering, and control systems. By consolidating cutting-edge research and methodologies, this book empowers scholars and professionals to improve the design, modeling, and control of complex systems. It provides practical solutions, showcases new ideas, and explores innovative technologies to enhance performance, efficiency, and safety. With a meticulous selection process involving internationally recognized scientific committees, this book ensures the highest quality standards, making it a reliable reference for researchers, PhD students, and academics. Delve into the wide range of topics covered, from artificial intelligence to smart systems, and unlock the potential of complex systems control to advance your research endeavors.

Polar Codes

Author : Orhan Gazi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789811307386
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Polar Codes by : Orhan Gazi

Download or read book Polar Codes written by Orhan Gazi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the philosophy of the polar encoding and decoding technique. Polar codes are one of the most recently discovered capacity-achieving channel codes. What sets them apart from other channel codes is the fact that polar codes are designed mathematically and their performance is mathematically proven. The book develops related fundamental concepts from information theory, such as entropy, mutual information, and channel capacity. It then explains the successive cancellation decoding logic and provides the necessary formulas, moving on to demonstrate the successive cancellation decoding operation with a tree structure. It also demonstrates the calculation of split channel capacities when polar codes are employed for binary erasure channels, and explains the mathematical formulation of successive cancellation decoding for polar codes. In closing, the book presents and proves the channel polarization theorem, before mathematically analyzing the performance of polar codes.

Towards Practical Software Stack Decoding of Polar Codes

Author : Harsh Aurora
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Practical Software Stack Decoding of Polar Codes by : Harsh Aurora

Download or read book Towards Practical Software Stack Decoding of Polar Codes written by Harsh Aurora and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Error correcting codes are essential in realizing reliable communication over noisy channels. Polar codes are a recent class of linear block error correcting codes, and are the first of their kind to have an explicit construction and asymptotically achieve the symmetric channel capacity over binary-input discrete memoryless channels. They have recently been adopted into the 5G standard in the eMBB control channel. The successive cancellation list decoding algorithm yields near-optimal decoding performance at the cost of high implementation complexity. The successive cancellation stack algorithm has been shown to provide similar decoding performance at a much lower computational complexity, but suffers from a large memory requirement that scales quadratically with the code length, rendering it impractical in most applications. This thesis presents several approaches to increase the practicality of the successive cancellation stack decoding algorithm in software implementations. First, multiple copies of decoder memory are replaced with a single memory, and the stack sorting step is replaced by a linear search. While this comes at the cost of an increase in computational complexity, results show that the large memory requirement and sorting are amongst primary culprits in the mediocre throughput performance of the software stack algorithm. Simulations run on a modern CPU clocked at 3.2 GHz show the throughput increase from 14 Kbps to 6.3 Mbps for a polar code of length 1024. This idea is then extended to allow for a tunable number of decoder memories instantiated, mitigating the increase in computational complexity while providing modest increase in throughput. Third, an early termination criterion is investigated that is shown to reduce the number of bit estimates by up to 58%. Finally, the benefits of the fast simplified successive cancellation list decoder are extended to the stack algorithm, resulting in the first reported implementation of a fast simplified successive cancellation stack decoder that reports a throughput of up to 20.44 Mbps." --

High-Level Synthesis

Author : Philippe Coussy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402085885
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Level Synthesis by : Philippe Coussy

Download or read book High-Level Synthesis written by Philippe Coussy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an excellent collection of contributions addressing different aspects of high-level synthesis from both industry and academia. It includes an overview of available EDA tool solutions and their applicability to design problems.

Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correction Codes

Author : Jinjin He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correction Codes by : Jinjin He

Download or read book Efficient Decoder Design for Error Correction Codes written by Jinjin He and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Error correction codes (ECCs) have been widely used in communication systems and storage devices. Nowadays, the rapid development of integrated circuit technologies makes feasible the implementation of powerful ECCs such as turbo code and low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. However, these high-performance codes require complex decoding algorithms, resulting in large hardware area and high power consumption. Furthermore, some of these decoders require an iterative decoding process, which leads to a long decoding latency. Therefore, low-complexity, low-power and high-speed very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture design for the ECC decoder is of great importance. This dissertation focuses on efficient VLSI implementation for the decoders of convolutional codes and two advanced coding schemes based on convolutional code: trellis-coded modulation (TCM) and convolutional turbo code (CTC). The first part of this dissertation is dedicated to low-complexity, low-power decoders design for a 4-dimensional, 8-ary phase-shift keying (4-D 8PSK) TCM system. We propose a low-complexity architecture for the transition-metric unit (TMU) to reduce the hardware area without performance loss. Then, a power-efficient scheme by applying T-algorithm on branch metrics (BMs) is proposed for the Viterbi decoder (VD) embedded in the 4-D 8PSK TCM decoder. Unlike the conventional T-algorithm, the proposed scheme does not affect the clock speed of the decoder. Finally, a hybrid T-algorithm is developed by applying T-algorithm on both BMs and path metrics (PMs), which reduces significantly more computations than the conventional T-algorithm applied on PMs. The VLSI design for VDs has been an active research area for decades. In the second part of the dissertation, we extend our research to a more general topic of VDs, where novel architectures are explored to efficiently reduce the power consumption, while still maintaining a high decoding speed and a low decoding latency. CTCs are constructed from parallel convolutional encoding of the same message in different sequences and have the error-correcting capability near the Shannon bound. Practical decoding schemes normally require an iterative decoding process employing the soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder. The third part of this dissertation is focused on the SISO decoder design for double-binary (DB) CTCs. We propose a low-complexity, memory-reduced architecture by partitioning BMs into two independent portions: information metrics and parity metrics. Furthermore, high-speed recursion architectures for logarithm domain maximum a posteriori probability (log-MAP) algorithm are proposed to increase the decoding speed by algorithmic approximation and bit-level optimization.

High-Performance Decoder Architectures For Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

Author : Kai Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (846 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Performance Decoder Architectures For Low-Density Parity-Check Codes by : Kai Zhang

Download or read book High-Performance Decoder Architectures For Low-Density Parity-Check Codes written by Kai Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, which were invented by Gallager back in 1960s, have attracted considerable attentions recently. Compared with other error correction codes, LDPC codes are well suited for wireless, optical, and magnetic recording systems due to their near- Shannon-limit error-correcting capacity, high intrinsic parallelism and high-throughput potentials. With these remarkable characteristics, LDPC codes have been adopted in several recent communication standards such as 802.11n (Wi-Fi), 802.16e (WiMax), 802.15.3c (WPAN), DVB-S2 and CMMB. This dissertation is devoted to exploring efficient VLSI architectures for high-performance LDPC decoders and LDPC-like detectors in sparse inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels. The performance of an LDPC decoder is mainly evaluated by area efficiency, error-correcting capability, throughput and rate flexibility. With this work we investigate tradeoffs between the four performance aspects and develop several decoder architectures to improve one or several performance aspects while maintaining acceptable values for other aspects ... Layered decoding algorithm, which is popular in LDPC decoding, is also adopted in this paper. Simulation results show that the layered decoding doubles the convergence speed of the iterative belief propagation process. Exploring the special structure of the connections between the check nodes and the variable nodes on the factor graph, we propose an effective detector architecture for generic sparse ISI channels to facilitate the practical application of the proposed detection algorithm. The proposed architecture is also reconfigurable in order to switch flexible connections on the factor graph in the time-varying ISI channels.

Essentials of Error-Control Coding

Author : Jorge Castiñeira Moreira
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470035714
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Error-Control Coding by : Jorge Castiñeira Moreira

Download or read book Essentials of Error-Control Coding written by Jorge Castiñeira Moreira and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-04 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advances in electronic and optical technology have enabled the implementation of powerful error-control codes, which are now used in almost the entire range of information systems with close to optimal performance. These codes and decoding methods are required for the detection and correction of the errors and erasures which inevitably occur in digital information during transmission, storage and processing because of noise, interference and other imperfections. Error-control coding is a complex, novel and unfamiliar area, not yet widely understood and appreciated. This book sets out to provide a clear description of the essentials of the subject, with comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the most useful codes and their decoding algorithms. A practical engineering and information technology emphasis, as well as relevant background material and fundamental theoretical aspects, provides an in-depth guide to the essentials of Error-Control Coding. Provides extensive and detailed coverage of Block, Cyclic, BCH, Reed-Solomon, Convolutional, Turbo, and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, together with relevant aspects of Information Theory EXIT chart performance analysis for iteratively decoded error-control techniques Heavily illustrated with tables, diagrams, graphs, worked examples, and exercises Invaluable companion website features slides of figures, algorithm software, updates and solutions to problems Offering a complete overview of Error Control Coding, this book is an indispensable resource for students, engineers and researchers in the areas of telecommunications engineering, communication networks, electronic engineering, computer science, information systems and technology, digital signal processing and applied mathematics.

Channel Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications

Author : K. Deergha Rao
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811505616
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Channel Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications by : K. Deergha Rao

Download or read book Channel Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications written by K. Deergha Rao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the latest channel coding techniques, MIMO systems, and 5G channel coding evolution. It provides a comprehensive overview of channel coding, covering modern techniques such as turbo codes, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, space–time coding, polar codes, LT codes, and Raptor codes as well as the traditional codes such as cyclic codes, BCH, RS codes, and convolutional codes. It also explores MIMO communications, which is an effective method for high-speed or high-reliability wireless communications. It also examines the evolution of 5G channel coding techniques. Each of the 13 chapters features numerous illustrative examples for easy understanding of the coding techniques, and MATLAB-based programs are integrated in the text to enhance readers’ grasp of the underlying theories. Further, PC-based MATLAB m-files for illustrative examples are included for students and researchers involved in advanced and current concepts of coding theory.