Factors That Contribute To The Disproportionate Number Of Detained African American Children

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Factors that Contribute to the Disproportionate Number of Detained African-American Children

Author : Vanessa McWherter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors that Contribute to the Disproportionate Number of Detained African-American Children by : Vanessa McWherter

Download or read book Factors that Contribute to the Disproportionate Number of Detained African-American Children written by Vanessa McWherter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children of color, particularly those of African-American descent, are overrepresented in the child welfare system relative to the proportion of the population they make up (Donovan & Knott, 2010). This disproportional representation is detrimental to children of color, as a significant number of them are removed from their families of origin and remain in the foster care system at longer lengths than their non African-American counterparts (Rivaux et al., 2008). This capstone research project conducted a secondary analysis utilizing baseline data collected by the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). This project specifically examined all Emergency Response referrals received by the Palmdale DCFS office from October 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017. The referrals were categorized by race and by specific variables such as the type of reporter and removal status of the children. This capstone project conducted a quantitative study that examined whether there was a relationship between the reporting source of maltreatment and the removal of African American children in comparison to children of other races. Results from this preliminary analysis showed that there were no significant findings in the relationships examined despite evidence supporting the higher rates of African-Americans being reported for maltreatment.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Legacy of Racism for Children

Author : Margaret C. Stevenson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190056746
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Legacy of Racism for Children by : Margaret C. Stevenson

Download or read book The Legacy of Racism for Children written by Margaret C. Stevenson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy is the first volume to review the intersecting implications of psychology, public policy, and law with the goal of understanding and ending the challenges facing racial minority youth in America today. Proceeding roughly from causes to consequences - from early life experiences to adolescent and teen experiences - each chapter focuses on a different domain, explains the laws and policies that create or exacerbate racial disparity in that domain, reviews relevant psychological research and its implications for those laws or policies, and calls for next steps. Chapter authors examine how race and ethnicity intersect with child maltreatment (including child sex trafficking, corporal punishment, and memory for and disclosures of abuse), child dependency court decisions, custody and adoption, familial incarceration, the "school to prison pipeline," police/youth interactions, jurors' perceptions of child and adolescent victims and defendants, and U.S. immigration law and policy"--

Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System

Author : Alan J. Dettlaff
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030543145
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System by : Alan J. Dettlaff

Download or read book Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System written by Alan J. Dettlaff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines existing research documenting racial disproportionality and disparities in child welfare systems, the underlying factors that contribute to these phenomena and the harms that result at both the individual and community levels. It reviews multiple forms of interventions designed to prevent and reduce disproportionality, particularly in states and jurisdictions that have seen meaningful change. With contributions from authorities and leaders in the field, this volume serves as the authoritative volume on the complex issue of child maltreatment and child welfare. It offers a central source of information for students and practitioners who are seeking understanding on how structural and institutional racism can be addressed in public systems.

The New Jim Crow

Author : Michelle Alexander
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1620971941
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Jim Crow by : Michelle Alexander

Download or read book The New Jim Crow written by Michelle Alexander and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named one of the most important nonfiction books of the 21st century by Entertainment Weekly‚ Slate‚ Chronicle of Higher Education‚ Literary Hub, Book Riot‚ and Zora A tenth-anniversary edition of the iconic bestseller—"one of the most influential books of the past 20 years," according to the Chronicle of Higher Education—with a new preface by the author "It is in no small part thanks to Alexander's account that civil rights organizations such as Black Lives Matter have focused so much of their energy on the criminal justice system." —Adam Shatz, London Review of Books Seldom does a book have the impact of Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow. Since it was first published in 2010, it has been cited in judicial decisions and has been adopted in campus-wide and community-wide reads; it helped inspire the creation of the Marshall Project and the new $100 million Art for Justice Fund; it has been the winner of numerous prizes, including the prestigious NAACP Image Award; and it has spent nearly 250 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list. Most important of all, it has spawned a whole generation of criminal justice reform activists and organizations motivated by Michelle Alexander's unforgettable argument that "we have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it." As the Birmingham News proclaimed, it is "undoubtedly the most important book published in this century about the U.S." Now, ten years after it was first published, The New Press is proud to issue a tenth-anniversary edition with a new preface by Michelle Alexander that discusses the impact the book has had and the state of the criminal justice reform movement today.

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

The Growth of Incarceration in the United States

Author : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309298018
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growth of Incarceration in the United States by : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration

Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.

Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Author : Patrick H. Tolan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461475570
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Disruptive Behavior Disorders by : Patrick H. Tolan

Download or read book Disruptive Behavior Disorders written by Patrick H. Tolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aggressive behavior among children and adolescents has confounded parents and perplexed professionals—especially those tasked with its treatment and prevention—for countless years. As baffling as these behaviors are, however, recent advances in neuroscience focusing on brain development have helped to make increasing sense of their complexity. Focusing on their most prevalent forms, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorders advances the understanding of DBD on a number of significant fronts. Its neurodevelopmental emphasis within an ecological approach offers links between brain structure and function and critical environmental influences and the development of these specific disorders. The book's findings and theories help to differentiate DBD within the contexts of normal development, non-pathological misbehavior and non-DBD forms of pathology. Throughout these chapters are myriad implications for accurate identification, effective intervention and future cross-disciplinary study. Key issues covered include: Gene-environment interaction models. Neurobiological processes and brain functions. Callous-unemotional traits and developmental pathways. Relationships between gender and DBD. Multiple pathways of familial transmission. Disruptive Behavior Disorders is a groundbreaking resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and graduate students in clinical child and school psychology, psychiatry, educational psychology, prevention science, child mental health care, developmental psychology and social work.

Locking Up Our Own

Author : James Forman, Jr.
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374712905
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Locking Up Our Own by : James Forman, Jr.

Download or read book Locking Up Our Own written by James Forman, Jr. and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE FOR GENERAL NON-FICTON ONE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEWS' 10 BEST BOOKS LONG-LISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST, CURRENT INTEREST CATEGORY, LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZES "Locking Up Our Own is an engaging, insightful, and provocative reexamination of over-incarceration in the black community. James Forman Jr. carefully exposes the complexities of crime, criminal justice, and race. What he illuminates should not be ignored." —Bryan Stevenson, author of Just Mercy and founder of the Equal Justice Initiative "A beautiful book, written so well, that gives us the origins and consequences of where we are . . . I can see why [the Pulitzer prize] was awarded." —Trevor Noah, The Daily Show Former public defender James Forman, Jr. is a leading critic of mass incarceration and its disproportionate impact on people of color. In Locking Up Our Own, he seeks to understand the war on crime that began in the 1970s and why it was supported by many African American leaders in the nation’s urban centers. Forman shows us that the first substantial cohort of black mayors, judges, and police chiefs took office amid a surge in crime and drug addiction. Many prominent black officials, including Washington, D.C. mayor Marion Barry and federal prosecutor Eric Holder, feared that the gains of the civil rights movement were being undermined by lawlessness—and thus embraced tough-on-crime measures, including longer sentences and aggressive police tactics. In the face of skyrocketing murder rates and the proliferation of open-air drug markets, they believed they had no choice. But the policies they adopted would have devastating consequences for residents of poor black neighborhoods. A former D.C. public defender, Forman tells riveting stories of politicians, community activists, police officers, defendants, and crime victims. He writes with compassion about individuals trapped in terrible dilemmas—from the men and women he represented in court to officials struggling to respond to a public safety emergency. Locking Up Our Own enriches our understanding of why our society became so punitive and offers important lessons to anyone concerned about the future of race and the criminal justice system in this country.

The Promise of Adolescence

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309490111
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Promise of Adolescence by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Promise of Adolescence written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.

Imprisoning Communities

Author : Todd R. Clear
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195387201
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Imprisoning Communities by : Todd R. Clear

Download or read book Imprisoning Communities written by Todd R. Clear and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first detailed, empirical exploration of the effects of mass incarceration on poor places, Imprisoning Communities demonstrates that in high doses incarceration contributes to the very social problems it is intended to solve: it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; and threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods. Especially at risk are children who, research shows, are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. Clear makes the counterintuitive point that when incarceration concentrates at high levels, crime rates will go up. Removal, in other words, has exactly the opposite of its intended effect: it destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety.

Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City

Author : Elijah Anderson
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393070387
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City by : Elijah Anderson

Download or read book Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City written by Elijah Anderson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2000-09-17 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unsparing and important. . . . An informative, clearheaded and sobering book.—Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post (1999 Critic's Choice) Inner-city black America is often stereotyped as a place of random violence, but in fact, violence in the inner city is regulated through an informal but well-known code of the street. This unwritten set of rules—based largely on an individual's ability to command respect—is a powerful and pervasive form of etiquette, governing the way in which people learn to negotiate public spaces. Elijah Anderson's incisive book delineates the code and examines it as a response to the lack of jobs that pay a living wage, to the stigma of race, to rampant drug use, to alienation and lack of hope.

The Effects of Incarceration and Reentry on Community Health and Well-Being

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493668
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Incarceration and Reentry on Community Health and Well-Being by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Effects of Incarceration and Reentry on Community Health and Well-Being written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high rate of incarceration in the United States contributes significantly to the nation's health inequities, extending beyond those who are imprisoned to families, communities, and the entire society. Since the 1970s, there has been a seven-fold increase in incarceration. This increase and the effects of the post-incarceration reentry disproportionately affect low-income families and communities of color. It is critical to examine the criminal justice system through a new lens and explore opportunities for meaningful improvements that will promote health equity in the United States. The National Academies convened a workshop on June 6, 2018 to investigate the connection between incarceration and health inequities to better understand the distributive impact of incarceration on low-income families and communities of color. Topics of discussion focused on the experience of incarceration and reentry, mass incarceration as a public health issue, women's health in jails and prisons, the effects of reentry on the individual and the community, and promising practices and models for reentry. The programs and models that are described in this publication are all Philadelphia-based because Philadelphia has one of the highest rates of incarceration of any major American city. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.

The Pedagogy of Pathologization

Author : Subini Ancy Annamma
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315523035
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pedagogy of Pathologization by : Subini Ancy Annamma

Download or read book The Pedagogy of Pathologization written by Subini Ancy Annamma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE 2019 AESA CRITICS' CHOICE BOOK AWARD WINNER OF THE 2018 NATIONAL WOMEN'S STUDIES ASSOCIATION ALISON PIEPMEIER BOOK PRIZE Linking powerful first-person narratives with structural analysis, The Pedagogy of Pathologization explores the construction of criminal identities in schools via the intersections of race, disability, and gender. amid the prevalence of targeted mass incarceration. Focusing uniquely on the pathologization of female students of color, whose voices are frequently engulfed by labels of deviance and disability, a distinct and underrepresented experience of the school-to-prison pipeline is detailed through original qualitative methods rooted in authentic narratives. The book’s DisCrit framework, grounded in interdisciplinary research, draws on scholarship from critical race theory, disability studies, education, women’s and girl’s studies, legal studies, and more.

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 by : United States

Download or read book Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The School-to-Prison Pipeline

Author : Catherine Y. Kim
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814763685
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis The School-to-Prison Pipeline by : Catherine Y. Kim

Download or read book The School-to-Prison Pipeline written by Catherine Y. Kim and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the relationship between the law and the school-to-prison pipeline, argues that law can be an effective weapon in the struggle to reduce the number of children caught, and discusses the consequences on families and communities.

Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001

Author : Thomas P. Bonczar
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001 by : Thomas P. Bonczar

Download or read book Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001 written by Thomas P. Bonczar and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001" by Thomas P. Bonczar. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.