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Factors That Affect Perceptions Of Improper Police Behavior
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Book Synopsis Factors that Affect Perceptions of Improper Police Behavior by : Rachael A. Gossett
Download or read book Factors that Affect Perceptions of Improper Police Behavior written by Rachael A. Gossett and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable scholarly attention has been devoted to examining factors that impact individual perceptions of improper police behavior. However, no one has unpacked specific explanations described by individuals to determine what people mean when they say that the police acted improperly towards them following an encounter. This dissertation uses the 2005 Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS 2005) to examine the effects of the following factors on overall perceptions of improper police behavior, as well as by explanation type: prior contact, age, social class, gender, race/ethnicity, and intersections of gender and race/ethnicity. I test Turk (1969) and Blumer's (1958) theories that individual positions in social stratification hierarchies influence perceptions of the police, along with Tyler's (2001) conception of procedural justice, or perceived fairness of the encounter, as a key factor that determines individual perceptions of police behavior. Findings support the centrality of Turk (1969) and Blumer's (1958) theory to perceptions of improper police behavior, especially with regard to race/ethnicity. Treatment throughout the encounter is also highlighted a key factor that influences individual perceptions of the police (Tyler 2001).
Book Synopsis Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing by : National Research Council
Download or read book Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309467136 Total Pages :409 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Proactive Policing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Police Behavior by : Daniel Cruse
Download or read book Determinants of Police Behavior written by Daniel Cruse and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology for analyzing police behavior, specifically, the interrelationship of variables which affect police patrol performance. It has been suggested that a major determinant of the outcome of a police-citizen street contact is the physical and psychological condition of the officer at the time of the contact. As a preliminary step in testing this hypothesis, a pilot research project was conducted in Miami, Florida. This report discusses a methodology for analyzing police behavior and examines the interrelationship of variables which effect police patrol performance. Four Miami patrolmen were trained in behavioral observation techniques and a volunteer group of twelve radio - patrolmen to be observed was selected. The researchers developed a checklist to record police citizen interactions and constructed fatigue and stress scales to rate police performance. Among the behavioral determinants investigated, length of experience on the force - (for better or for worse) stood out as an influential factor. Other factors likely to affect police behavior were found to be the type of a call, the neighborhood, the shift, the day of the week, and number of citizens involved. Emphasizing the importance of the process of identification, the authors recommend that experienced officers should be selected for training men during the cadet probationary period. While this study is a novel approach to measuring police and contains some interesting results on the variable factors studied, the results might have been more meaningful if a larger sample had been used. The study did not clearly demonstrate the advantages of using police observers to record police behavior and did not specifically suggest means for measuring personality, stress of fatigue in a future study.
Book Synopsis Perceptions of Police Abusive Behavior by : Debra P. LaVille-Wilson
Download or read book Perceptions of Police Abusive Behavior written by Debra P. LaVille-Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Abuse of Police Authority written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Video of Rodney King being beaten by Los Angeles police officers and reports of the torture of Abner Louima by New York City police capture public attention and raise troubling questions about the limits of legitimate police authority in a democratic society. Are such events aberrations or are they extreme examples of a more general problem that plagues American police departments? Although such questions have been raised by the media, politicians, and police scholars and administrators, this is the first study to present a nationwide portrait of how rank-and-file police officers view these and other critical questions of police abuse of authority. Officers provided information on what types of abuse and attitudes toward abuse are observed in their departments, including the code of silence, whistle blowing, and the extent to which a citizen's race, demeanor, and class affect the way police officers treat them; what strategies (including first-line supervision, community policing, citizen review boards, and training) do police officers consider to be effective means of preventing police abuse of authority; and whether police abuse is a necessary byproduct of efforts to reduce and control crime. Responses are also analyzed according to rank, race, region of the U. S., and size of department.
Book Synopsis Race and Police Brutality by : Malcolm D. Holmes
Download or read book Race and Police Brutality written by Malcolm D. Holmes and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2008-11-13 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disputes standard explanations of police brutality against minority citizens to offer new insights and suggestions on dealing with this problem.
Book Synopsis "It Just Looks Bad": the Effects of Police Officers' Perceptions of Public Opinions by : Daniela MacNeil Gutierrez
Download or read book "It Just Looks Bad": the Effects of Police Officers' Perceptions of Public Opinions written by Daniela MacNeil Gutierrez and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data for this study was collected during the course of 99 interviews with sworn officers from seven Northern California police departments. Thirty-nine of the 99 officers interviewed made comments which related to this study and a total of 65 statements were analyzed for this project. Officers report that they consider how the public will respond when deciding how to behave on-the-job, and public perception takes precedence to issues of legality in some cases. The concerns for and responses to perceptions of public opinion about the behavior of police officers illustrates the reciprocal nature of the relationship between the public and law enforcement.
Book Synopsis Americans View Crime and Justice by : Timothy J. Flanagan
Download or read book Americans View Crime and Justice written by Timothy J. Flanagan and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1996-06-10 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book should be made a part of any college level library that features holdings in social sciences. . . . Americans View Crime and Justice presents a national public opinion survey and its results on the issues. These edited results of a survey conducted in 1995 examine such issues as gun control, capital punishment, and juvenile crime, offering public opinion along with the analyses of a panel of criminologists. --The Midwest Book Review Readable and carefully edited, Americans View Crime and Justice reports and analyzes results from the recent National Crime and Justice Survey (NCJS), the richest and most wide-ranging investigation of public opinion on crime and justice issues in more than a decade. Conducted in June 1995, the survey features responses from 1,000 adults in the United States on now-volatile issues such as fear of crime, gun control, capital punishment, juvenile crime, and additional related topics of national concern. A distinguished panel of criminologists analyzes the collected data in this volume to present a comprehensive report on the development and current status of public opinion on these timely issues. Divided into three sections—context and framework; findings; and opinion, policy, and science—this authoritative volume also analyzes the implications of the survey data. Providing interesting insights and timely quantification of Americans′ view of crime and justice, this volume offers a unique view of public opinion particularly important to the work of researchers, law enforcement personnel, policy makers, public officials, and students of criminology and criminal justice, law, and political science.
Book Synopsis Police and Community in Chicago by : Wesley G. Skogan
Download or read book Police and Community in Chicago written by Wesley G. Skogan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does community policing really work? Can police departments fundamentally change their organization? Can neighborhood problems be solved? In the early 1990s, Chicago, the nation's third largest city, instituted the nation's largest community policing initiative. Wesley G. Skogan here provides the first comprehensive evaluation of that citywide program, examining its impact on crime, neighborhood residents, and the police. Based on the results of a thirteen-year study, including interviews, citywide surveys, and sophisticated statistical analyses, Police and Community in Chicago reveals a city divided among African-Americans, Whites, and Latinos. By looking at the varying effects community policing had on each of these groups, Skogan provides a valuable analysis of what works and why. As the use of community policing increases and issues related to race and immigration become more pressing, Police and Community in Chicago will serve the needs of an increasing amount of students, scholars, and professionals interested in the most effective and harmonious means of keeping communities safe.
Book Synopsis Forces of Deviance by : Victor E. Kappeler
Download or read book Forces of Deviance written by Victor E. Kappeler and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 1998-01-29 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An informative look at a very difficult topic! The discretion, authority, and power granted the police to accomplish their mission offer multiple opportunities for deviance. This revised edition effectively organizes a large amount of material in order to provide students with a timely and comprehensive review of this disturbing dimension of police organizations. The authors’ analysis of deviance as the product of the organization of the occupation, the expectations of society, and the perceptions and interpretations of the role of the police are compellingly presented. A fascinating portrait of the social and organizational factors of the police working environment emerges, providing students with a broad framework for assessing the police culture and the many forms of police deviance.
Book Synopsis Forces of Deviance by : Victor E. Kappeler
Download or read book Forces of Deviance written by Victor E. Kappeler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a compelling analysis of police deviance as the product of the organization of the occupation, the expectations of society, and the perceptions and interpretations of the role of the police. Contains chapters on the working environment, the ideology and culture of police, and motive and justification for breaking normative bonds. Details cases such as the beating of Rodney King and the investigation of Jeffrey Dahmer, and discusses internal and external controls, and prospects for controlling deviance. Kappeler is affiliated with Eastern Kentucky University. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Book Synopsis Student Perceptions of Police by : Taylor Leigh Claxton
Download or read book Student Perceptions of Police written by Taylor Leigh Claxton and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Police-community relations are a frequently discussed topic in both academe and the media. Many factors are believed to influence individuals' perceptions and views of law enforcement, including demographic variables (race and socioeconomic status), experiences with law enforcement, and media consumption. With an emphasis in the news and on social media regarding police misconduct or police brutality, this research seeks to inquire about college students' perceptions of law enforcement and racial injustice within the criminal justice system. While controlling for key demographic variables, this project specifically examines how individuals' personal experiences with law enforcement and their exposure to news media and social media impact their perceptions and attitudes of police or racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Other variables, such as ideological views, obligation to authority, and delinquent behaviors were also analyzed to provide more specific insight into what factors influence student perceptions. Using ordinal logistic regression, researchers analyzed student perceptions of racial injustice in the criminal justice system and police legitimacy. Findings for this study indicate that variables other than standard demographics, contact with law enforcement, and media consumption had a significant impact on student perceptions of police.
Download or read book Police Integrity written by and published by Diane Books Publishing Company. This book was released on 1997 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the proceedings of the Nat. Symposium on Police Integrity with participants including police chiefs, sheriffs, police researchers, police officers, members of other professional disciplines, community leaders, and members of other Federal agencies. Plenary sessions and working groups address integrity and ethics; challenges facing the law enforcement executive profession; the impact of police culture, leadership, and organization on integrity; how to effectively cope with influences in the police organization and culture and community; and the impact of internal systems and external forces on police integrity. Bibliography.
Book Synopsis Police Behavior by : Richard J. Lundman
Download or read book Police Behavior written by Richard J. Lundman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1980 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This course-oriented anthology of eighteen studies of police behavior provides a representative sample of the newest research. Illustrating the environmental or organizational roots of police conduct and misconduct, the selections present a coherent theory of police behavior and dispute the conventional wisdom of its origins.
Book Synopsis The Effect of "Cops" on Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Law Enforcement by : Sean David Baker
Download or read book The Effect of "Cops" on Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Law Enforcement written by Sean David Baker and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Personal Perceptions and Organizational Factors Influencing Police Discretion by : Hidayet Tasdoven
Download or read book Personal Perceptions and Organizational Factors Influencing Police Discretion written by Hidayet Tasdoven and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Police officers make decisions at the street level in a variety of situations that have direct impact on quality of life, justice in society, and individual freedom. These decisions inherently involve the exercise of discretion, since successfully performed police tasks are linked to the officer's choosing among alternative courses of action. Appropriateness of unsupervised decisions taken under street contingencies remains questionable in terms of police-behavior legitimacy. Law enforcement agencies seek ways to control excessive discretion to avoid undesired consequences of police discretion and maintain organizational legitimacy. Traditionally, organizations developed reward and sanction structures that aimed to shape officer behavior on the street. Recent perspectives, on the other hand, emphasize that it is imperative to manage discretion by employing a value-based approach that requires the agency to encourage subordinates in the exercise of certain behaviors simply because they are believed to be right and proper. This approach depends primarily on beliefs, values, and attitudes of employees rather than external contingencies of environment. Drawing on expectancy and value-based approaches, this study examines the factors affecting patrol officers' discretionary decisions to enforce law in the Turkish National Police (TNP). The reward expectancy concept was derived from the expectancy theory of motivation, which uses extrinsic rewards in structuring discretion. Regarding the value-based approach, public service motivation (PSM) represents the intrinsic motives of officers in this study, while selective enforcement corresponds to the attitudes of officers. Discretionary behaviors of officers on the street were conceptualized as responsiveness, which refers to the degree to which officers are willing to respond to street contingencies. The study tested the mediating role of work effort between reward expectancy/responsiveness and public service motivation/responsiveness relationships. Samples of the study were drawn from uniformed patrol officers in seven provinces of Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Responses of 613 patrol officers were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study developed four latent constructs and validated their measurement models by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate causal and confirmatory relationships among latent variables. Findings of the study suggested that reward expectancy did not have a statistically significant relationship to responsiveness. The study did not find a significant association between reward expectancy and work effort of officers. This finding was found to be attributable to the fact that officers do not believe in the fair distribution procedures of rewards and they do not value organizational rewards. Public service motivation of respondents, on the other hand, indicated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship with both work effort and responsiveness. These results indicated that intrinsic motives of officers in the TNP are more powerful in explaining officer responsiveness to street contingencies. As hypothesized, officer attitudes toward selective enforcement negatively influenced officer responsiveness, indicating that officers' beliefs and values influence their discretionary behaviors. Among the demographic characteristics of participants, only age of officer indicated a negative significant relationship to responsiveness. This finding suggested that motivation decreases as age increases. Contrary to other findings in the literature, this study found that intensity perceptions of respondents was positively associated with responsiveness. The study revealed some policy, theoretical, and methodological implications. The findings suggested that the TNP should either completely eliminate the existing reward system or revise it to motivate officers to be responsive. A leadership practice that promotes PSM and discourages selective enforcement was also suggested. Contrary to research that emphasizes the role of extrinsic motivation on police discretion, this study empirically reported that intrinsic motivation has an even stronger effect on officer behavior and needs to be taken into account in future studies. The study contributes to an understanding of police discretionary behavior in the TNP, which has unique characteristics of structure, culture, and law. The limitations of the study in terms of its dependency on officer perceptions and concerns about construct validity were discussed and future research was suggested.
