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Factors Affecting Establishment And Performance By Lodgepole Pine Following The 1988 Fires In Yellowstone National Park
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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Establishment and Performance by Lodgepole Pine Following the 1988 Fires in Yellowstone National Park by : Marshall Ellis
Download or read book Factors Affecting Establishment and Performance by Lodgepole Pine Following the 1988 Fires in Yellowstone National Park written by Marshall Ellis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis After the Fires by : Linda L. Wallace
Download or read book After the Fires written by Linda L. Wallace and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans currently choose their president through the electoral college, an extraordinarily complex mechanism that may elect a candidate who does not receive the most votes. In this provocative book, George Edwards III argues that, contrary to what supporters of the electoral college claim, there is no real justification for a system that might violate majority rule. Drawing on systematic data, Edwards finds that the electoral college does not protect the interests of small states or racial minorities, does not provide presidents with effective coalitions for governing, and does little to protect the American polity from the alleged harms of direct election of the president. In fact, the electoral college distorts the presidential campaign so that candidates ignore most small states and some large ones and pay little attention to minorities, and it encourages third parties to run presidential candidates and discourages party competition in many states. Edwards demonstrates effectively that direct election of the president without a runoff maximizes political equality and eliminates the distortions in the political system caused by the electoral college.
Book Synopsis Landscape Variability and Convergence in Forest Structure and Function Following Large Fires in Yellowstone National Park by : Daniel M. Kashian
Download or read book Landscape Variability and Convergence in Forest Structure and Function Following Large Fires in Yellowstone National Park written by Daniel M. Kashian and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Sade H Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Sade H Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cited in Sheehy, Chen, and Hurt . Volume 38 (thesis year 1993) reports a total of 13,787 thesis titles from 22 Canadian and 164 US universities. As in previous volumes, thesis titles are arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline. Any accredited university or college with a grad
Book Synopsis Initial Floristics in Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) Forests Following the 1988 Yellowstone Fires by : Jay Ennis Anderson
Download or read book Initial Floristics in Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) Forests Following the 1988 Yellowstone Fires written by Jay Ennis Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Book Synopsis Aboveground Net Primary Production and Leaf-area Index in Early Postfire Vegetation in Yellowstone National Park by : Rebecca A. Reed
Download or read book Aboveground Net Primary Production and Leaf-area Index in Early Postfire Vegetation in Yellowstone National Park written by Rebecca A. Reed and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and leaf-area index (LAI) of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex Wats.) saplings and aboveground productivity of herbaceous vegetation components were determined 9 years after the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Measurements were made in four sites representing a wide range of early postfire vegetation present in YNP, including high-density lodgepole pine, low-density lodgepole pine, and two nonforest stands. LAI of the pine saplings and total ANPP (trees plus herbs) generally increased with increasing sapling density, from 0.002 m2 m- 2 and 0.25 Mg ha- 1 year- 1 in the infertile nonforest stand (100 pine saplings ha- 1) to 1.8 m2 m- 2 and 4.01 Mg ha- 1 year- 1 in the high-density pine stand (62,800 saplings ha- 1). Aboveground herbaceous productivity was not strongly correlated with sapling density, but appeared to be influenced by soil fertility. In the high-density pine stand, tree ANPP and LAI were within the lower range of values reported for similar mature coniferous forests. This finding suggests that at least some ecosystem processes (related to ANPP and LAI) may have nearly recovered after only 9 years of postfire succession, in at least some of the young forests developing after the 1988 Yellowstone fires.
Book Synopsis Twenty-four Years After the Yellowstone Fires by : Monica Goigel Turner
Download or read book Twenty-four Years After the Yellowstone Fires written by Monica Goigel Turner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disturbance and succession have long been of interest in ecology, but how landscape patterns of ecosystem structure and function evolve following large disturbances is poorly understood. After nearly 25 years, lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests that regenerated after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires (Wyoming, USA) offer a prime opportunity to track the fate of disturbance-created heterogeneity in stand structure and function in a wilderness setting. In 2012, we resampled 72 permanent plots to ask (1) How have postfire stand structure and function changed between 11 and 24 yr postfire, and what variables explain these patterns and changes? (2) How has landscape-level (among-stand) variability in postfire stand structure and function changed between 11 and 24 yr postfire? We expected to see evidence of convergence beginning to emerge, but also that initial postfire stem density would still determine trajectories of biomass accumulation. After 24 yr, postfire lodgepole pine density remained very high (mean = 21,738 stems/ha, range = 0-344,067 stems/ha). Stem density increased in most plots between 11 and 24 yr postfire, but declined sharply where 11-yr-postfire stem density was >72,000 stems/ha. Stems were small in high-density stands, but stand-level lodgepole pine leaf area, foliage biomass, and live aboveground biomass increased over time and with increasing stem density. After 24 yr, mean annual lodgepole pine aboveground net primary production ( ANPP) was high (mean = 5 Mg?ha?1?yr?1, range = 0-16.5 Mg?ha?1?yr?1). Among stands, lodgepole pine ANPP increased with stem density, which explained 69% of the variation; another 8% of the variation was explained by environmental covariates. Early patterns of postfire lodgepole pine regeneration, which were contingent on prefire serotiny and fire severity, remained the dominant driver of stand structure and function. We observed mechanisms that would lead to convergence in stem density (structure) over time, but it was landscape variation in functional variables that declined substantially. Stand structure and function have not converged across the burned landscape, but our evidence suggests function will converge sooner than structure.
Book Synopsis Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires by : Diana F. Tomback
Download or read book Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires written by Diana F. Tomback and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successional whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) communities are dependent on fire and other disturbances for renewal (Arno 2001). Where whitebark pine regenerates results from cache site selection by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) in relation to the environmental tolerances of seeds and seedlings (Tomback 2001). After the 1988 Yellowstone fires, we studied the development of upper subalpine forest communities with particular focus on the regeneration of whitebark pine in two study areas - Mt. Washburn in Yellowstone National Park, and Henderson Mtn. in Gallatin National Forest. Fire history and patterns of community regeneration of the predominantly seral lodgepole pine forests in the southcentral and southwestern regions of Yellowstone National Park have been well studied (e.g., Romme 1982; Turner and others 1997), whereas whitebark pine communities have been less studied.
Book Synopsis Early Survival and Height Growth of Douglas-fir and Lodgepole Pine Seedlings and Variations in Site Factors Following Treatment of Logging Residues by : W. Lopushinsky
Download or read book Early Survival and Height Growth of Douglas-fir and Lodgepole Pine Seedlings and Variations in Site Factors Following Treatment of Logging Residues written by W. Lopushinsky and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Sapling Density Regeneration in Yellowstone National Park with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data by : Chris Potter
Download or read book Analysis of Sapling Density Regeneration in Yellowstone National Park with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data written by Chris Potter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sapling regeneration was mapped in areas burned during the 1988 wildfires across Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Hyperspectral image analysis and field measurements were combined across the entire YNP extent. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image data from 2006 were used to compute ten different vegetation indices (VI). The ten VIs were combined to build multiple regression models for predicting and mapping post-fire sapling density. Four different forms of regression modeling were applied to derive the highest possible prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.83). Pine sapling regeneration 19 years after large-scale wildfires showed a high level of variability in patch density (ranging from 14/100 ha to 57/100 ha), whereas sapling density measured previously from the first decade following wildfire was more uniform (10/100 ha to 21/100 ha). The ecosystem-level clumpiness index showed major shifts in aggregation of different sapling density classes, and was consistent with an overall decrease in estimated sapling density of nearly 50% between 1998 and 2007. This analysis revealed important succession patterns and processes in post-fire forest regeneration for the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).
Book Synopsis Drivers of Fuels, Flammability, and Fire Behavior in Young, Post-fire Lodgepole Pine Forests by : Kellen N. Nelson
Download or read book Drivers of Fuels, Flammability, and Fire Behavior in Young, Post-fire Lodgepole Pine Forests written by Kellen N. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire and bark beetles have affected vast areas of forest over the past several decades raising concern about the risk of subsequent burning. Little is known about how fuel loads and fire behavior vary shortly after burning, nor how forest flammability might differ between stands recovering from fire and bark beetles. To address this, we investigated the variation and drivers of fuel characteristics (Chapter 2) and fire behavior (Chapter 3) in 24-year-old post-fire lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands that regenerated after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires. To assess differences in flammability between disturbance types (Chapter 4), we intensively sampled meteorological conditions and fuel moisture content in adjacent burned and bark beetle-affected forest sites. Both sites were approximately 24 years since disturbance. Our results indicate that fuel characteristics varied tremendously across the post-1988 Yellowstone landscape and were sufficient to support fire in all stands. Total surface-fuel loads in post-disturbance forests were similar or greater than those reported in mature lodgepole pine stands; however, 88% of fuel was in the 1000-hr fuel class, and litter, 1-hr, and 10-hr surface fuel loads were lower than values reported for mature lodgepole pine forests. Pre-fire successional stage was the best predictor of 100-hr and 1000-hr fuel and strongly influenced the size and proportion of sound and rotten logs, where post-fire stand structure was the best predictor of litter, 1-hr, and 10-hr fuels. Available canopy fuel loads and canopy bulk density met or exceeded loads observed in mature lodgepole pine forests, exhibited a strong positive relationship with post-fire lodgepole pine density, and were the primary drivers of crown fire behavior. Meteorological conditions in post-fire sites exhibited symptoms of earlier snowmelt, greater evapotranspiration, and greater drought stress than post-bark beetle sites, and live fuel moisture content mimicked these differences as post-fire sites broke dormancy earlier and experienced longer, more severe drought conditions than post-bark beetle sites. Dead fuel moisture content was similar in burned and bark beetle affected sites in July, but had a greater response to heavy August precipitation that resulted in higher dead fuel moisture content on the post-burn sites. In sum, our data suggest that 76% of the young post-fire lodgepole pine forests have 1000-hr fuel loads that exceed levels associated with high-severity surface fire, and 63% exceed canopy bulk densities associated with spreading crown fire. Fire simulation modeling predicted active crown fire in 90% of stands at wind speeds >20 km hr−1, regardless of fuel moisture condition. We conclude that 24-year old lodgepole pine forests can readily support fire intervals shorter than those observed historically in Yellowstone National Park, and that dead fuel moisture content appears more dynamic while foliar fuel moisture content might be less dynamic on post-fire sites than post-bark beetle sites. Overall, the potential for crown fire is high across the post-1988 Yellowstone landscape, and post-fire sites appear to be more flammable than post-bark beetle sites during dry periods. Given a less developed canopy seed bank and a high potential for crown fire, young post-fire lodgepole pine forests are likely to have lower reproductive potential than comparable mature forests. Progressive reductions in tree recruitment after short-interval fires may lead to self-limiting dynamics where lack of fuels limit continued short-interval burning.
Book Synopsis Reducing Fire Potential in Lodgepole Pine by Increasing Timber Utilization by : James Kerr Brown
Download or read book Reducing Fire Potential in Lodgepole Pine by Increasing Timber Utilization written by James Kerr Brown and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel and fire potential in clearcut lodgepole pine were compared after stands were logged to near complete and conventional utilization standards. After logging, material greater than 3 inches in diameter had been reduced threefold on the near complete units and had been increased threefold on the conventional units. Material smaller than 3 inches in diameter was slightly less plentiful on the near complete units than on the conventional units after logging; however, of this material, the conventional units retained 2.6 times more needles. Compactness of logging residue was twice as great on the near complete units as on the conventional units. Predictions of postlogging potential fire spread were 3 to 4.5 times greater and intensity almost 9 times greater on the conventional than on the near complete units. Fire hazard on the near complete units after logging was minimal and prescribed burning was impractical.
Book Synopsis Stand Density and Age Affect Tree-level Structural and Functional Characteristics of Young, Postfire Lodgepole Pine in Yellowstone National Park by : Paige E. Copenhaver
Download or read book Stand Density and Age Affect Tree-level Structural and Functional Characteristics of Young, Postfire Lodgepole Pine in Yellowstone National Park written by Paige E. Copenhaver and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More frequent fire activity associated with climate warming is expected to increase the extent of young forest stands in fire-prone landscapes, yet growth rates and biomass allocation patterns in young forests that regenerated naturally following stand-replacing fire have not been well studied. We assessed the structural and functional characteristics of young, postfire lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) trees across the Yellowstone subalpine plateaus to understand the influence of postfire stand density and age on tree-level aboveground biomass (AB), component biomass (bole, branch, foliage), partitioning to components, tree-level aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and leaf area (LA). Sixty 24-year-old lodgepole pine trees were harvested from 21 sites ranging from 500 to 74,667 stems?ha?1 for development of allometric equations to predict biomass, ANPP and LA. All traits increased nonlinearly with increasing tree basal diameter. Tree-level total AB and component biomass decreased with increasing stand density and increased with age when compared with measurements from 11-year-old trees. Bole partitioning increased with stand density, while foliage and branch wood partitioning declined. Tree-level ANPP and LA decreased significantly with stand density and age. Overall, our results indicate that stand density and age explain much of the variation in tree characteristics and that 24 years after fire, the initial postfire regeneration density is still exerting significant influence on the structure and function of individual trees.
Book Synopsis Snowmelt Patterns as Predictors of Post-fire Whitebark Pine Regeneration Densities on Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone National Park by : Phillip E. Farnes
Download or read book Snowmelt Patterns as Predictors of Post-fire Whitebark Pine Regeneration Densities on Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone National Park written by Phillip E. Farnes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 2002, a personnel services contract was initiated between Yellowstone National Park (Tom Olliff, Chief, Branch of Natural Resources) and Snowcap Hydrology to obtain necessary snow measurements to develop snowmelt patterns on permanent plots established on Mount Washburn after the 1988 fires. Information was to be provided to Dr. Diana Tomback to use in her study on the STATUS OF WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA FOLLOWING THE 1988 FIRES: BURNED VS. UNBURNED FORESTS AND MESIC VS ZERIC CONDITIONS; ASSESSMENT OF BLISTER RUST INFECTION IN SEEDLINGS. This project was permitted under number YELL-2002-SCI-0205. Additional investigators on this project were Dr. Anna Schoettle, USFS Fort Collins, Colorado and Phil Farnes, Snowcap Hydrology, Bozeman, Montana. The results of 2002 were reported in SNOWMELT PATTERNS AS PREDICTORS OF POST-FIRE WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION DENSITIES ON MOUNT WASHBURN, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Snowmelt on Whitebark Pine Plots, Spring 2002 dated July 2002. --Excerpt from introduction.
Book Synopsis Lodgepole Pine Commercial Forests by : Peter Koch
Download or read book Lodgepole Pine Commercial Forests written by Peter Koch and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Fire Interval and Climate on Successional Patterns in Yellowstone National Park by : Tania Schoennagel
Download or read book The Influence of Fire Interval and Climate on Successional Patterns in Yellowstone National Park written by Tania Schoennagel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
