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Fabrication Of A Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymer Ridge Waveguide Electro Optic Modulator By Nanoimprint Lithography
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Book Synopsis Fabrication of a Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymer Ridge Waveguide Electro-optic Modulator by Nanoimprint Lithography by : Emily Marie Fehrman Cory
Download or read book Fabrication of a Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymer Ridge Waveguide Electro-optic Modulator by Nanoimprint Lithography written by Emily Marie Fehrman Cory and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation is to develop the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technique for direct patterning of the deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymer DNA-CTMA. The Mach Zehnder modulator was chosen as the test device to demonstrate the NIL patterning technique for DNA-CTMA as well as the unique optical and electrical properties of the DNA-CTMA as a cladding material for poled electro-optic polymers. Towards this goal, a DNA-CTMA clad inverted ridge waveguide is demonstrated at 633 nm and 1550 nm, the structure of which is patterned directly in the DNA-CTMA cladding by NIL. Additionally, EO modulation is demonstrated in a slab waveguide structure with DNA-CTMA cladding and SEO110 EO polymer core.Marine-derived deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymer (DNA-CTMA) is a green, nontoxic, low cost optical polymer material derived from waste products of the salmon fishing industry. It exhibits low optical loss at 1550 nm, forms a thin flexible film, is compatible with existing poled polymer technologies, increases the poling efficiency when used as a low resistivity cladding layer, and is thermally stable to 200 oC. Due to chemical incompatibility with the photoresists and the associated solvents, NIL has been developed for patterning the DNA biopolymer cladding to form an inverted ridge waveguide for the basis of the Mach Zehnder modulator.While DNA-CTMA presents significant advantages over other commonly used cladding materials for the 1550 nm wavelength range, one of the commonly used bands for optical communications, the mechanical properties and environmental susceptibility of the material poses significant fabrication challenges. A study of the effects of optical and mechanical effects of environmental humidity exposure are presented for the DNA-CTMA and SEO110 polymers used in the inverted ridge waveguide. While the soft, flexible nature of the DNA-CTMA is desirable for certain applications, this presents a challenge in producing a clean polished window for optical coupling. Incompatibility with standard polishing techniques has led to the study of focused ion-beam milling (FIB) as a technique for polishing the DNA-CTMA film edge.This dissertation presents a demonstration at 633 nm and 1550 nm of an inverted ridge waveguide patterned by NIL in the DNA-CTMA cladding. Optical modulation in a slab waveguide structure consisting of the same polymer layers as the inverted ridge waveguide is also demonstrated, which together with waveguiding in an inverted ridge waveguide presents the case for the DNA-CTMA clad Mach Zehnder modulator. In this dissertation the FIB polishing technique for DNA-CTMA is demonstrated as a means to overcome the challenges of mechanically polishing the DNA-CTMA polymer. A study of the optical and mechanical effects of environmental exposure for DNA-CTMA and SEO110 is presented along with an analysis polymer film stresses as a result of fabrication processes and environmental exposures. This dissertation represents a significant advancement in fabrication techniques for DNA-CTMA thin films with the development of NIL for DNA-CTMA and is a significant step towards fully patterned DNA-CTMA EO waveguide devices.
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of a Poled-polymer Electro-optic Modulator with a Strip-loaded Waveguide Structure by : Antonio Arthur Davis
Download or read book Design and Analysis of a Poled-polymer Electro-optic Modulator with a Strip-loaded Waveguide Structure written by Antonio Arthur Davis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To fully utilize the advances of electro-optic (EO) polymer research, a detail design and model of a triple stacked poled-polymer, electro-optic waveguide modulator was developed to provide guidance in the selection of cladding layers and demonstrate how the mode conditions affect the overall device performance. Waveguide devices depend not only on the EO materials used in the core, but also on the cladding materials. In contrast to most of the research that has focused on molecular engineering of the electro-optically active materials to improve the core properties of the waveguide, this work studied the effects of cladding material properties to improve overall device performance of an electro-optic waveguide modulator. Various, commercially available polymer materials were identified and investigated for potential cladding layers according to their optical, electrical, process ability and film casting properties. A poled-polymer, strip-loaded waveguide, EO modulator is designed and analyzed in terms of single mode conditions, optical loss due to the metal electrodes, modulation efficiency, and mode size. Two designs were compared: Design 1 optimized the half-wave voltage for a single-arm modulator (Vpi = 2.5 V) with a nearly symmetric waveguide by maximizing modulation efficiency and minimizing the overall thickness of the waveguide; Design 2 optimized the insertion loss (6 dB) with a strongly asymmetric waveguide by maximizing the overall mode size to most efficiently overlap with a single mode fiber. High frequency analysis of a microstrip electrode showed a modulator with a push-pull scheme can be fabricated with half-wave voltage (Vpi) of 4.0 V for Design 1 and 5.1 V for Design 2 at 3 GHz. Some general guidelines in the design of a poled-polymer electro-optic modulator incorporating a strip-loaded waveguide structure are suggested. First, the core layer thickness and ridge width supporting single mode propagation should be fabricated as large as possible by increases the asymmetry of the refractive index between the top and bottom cladding layer. Second, the thicknesses of the top and bottom cladding layers must be optimized through an analysis of the waveguide mode amplitude distribution so that the electrode-associated optical loss is minimized to a required level while simultaneously the total thickness of the waveguide is minimized. The ridge structure greatly simplifies fabrication procedures, reduces fabrication steps and eliminates propagation losses due to roughness of etched sidewalls. The results of the analysis were modeled in beam propagation software to confirm the ideal conditions for single mode propagation.
Book Synopsis Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a Polymer Electro-Optic Modulator by : Xinjie Song
Download or read book Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a Polymer Electro-Optic Modulator written by Xinjie Song and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications by : Ioannis Chremmos
Download or read book Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications written by Ioannis Chremmos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-06-09 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology surrounding the design and fabrication of optical microresonators has matured to a point where there is a need for commercialization. Consequently, there is a need for device research involving more advanced architectures and more esoteric operating principles. Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications explores advances in the fabrication process that enable nanometer waveguide separations, exceptionally smooth surfaces essential to reach Q factors in the order of 106- 108 and high index contrast materials.
Book Synopsis Lab-on-Fiber Technology by : Andrea Cusano
Download or read book Lab-on-Fiber Technology written by Andrea Cusano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a research field that is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising ones for the global optics and photonics community: the “lab-on-fiber” technology. Inspired by the well-established "lab on-a-chip" concept, this new technology essentially envisages novel and highly functionalized devices completely integrated into a single optical fiber for both communication and sensing applications. Based on the R&D experience of some of the world's leading authorities in the fields of optics, photonics, nanotechnology, and material science, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the main developments and achievements in the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap, also highlighting the new perspectives and challenges to be faced. This book is essential for scientists interested in the cutting-edge fiber optic technology, but also for graduate students.
Book Synopsis Integrated Ring Resonators by : Dominik G. Rabus
Download or read book Integrated Ring Resonators written by Dominik G. Rabus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optical filter is resonator based. The required passband shape of ring resonator-filters can be custom designed by the use of configurations of various ring coupled resonators. This book describes the current state-of-the-art on these devices. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the simulation, fabrication and characterization of ring resonators for use as example filters, lasers, sensors.
Author :Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387680233 Total Pages :502 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (876 download)
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors by : Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh
Download or read book Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors written by Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology provides tools for creating functional materials, devices, and systems by controlling materials at the atomic and molecular scales and making use of novel properties and phenomena. Nanotechnology-enabled sensors find applications in several fields such as health and safety, medicine, process control and diagnostics. This book provides the reader with information on how nanotechnology enabled sensors are currently being used and how they will be used in the future in such diverse fields as communications, building and facilities, medicine, safety, and security, including both homeland defense and military operations.
Author :Michel Andre Aegerter Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387889531 Total Pages :474 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (878 download)
Book Synopsis Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users by : Michel Andre Aegerter
Download or read book Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.
Book Synopsis Optics in Our Time by : Mohammad D. Al-Amri
Download or read book Optics in Our Time written by Mohammad D. Al-Amri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.
Download or read book Nanophotonics written by Paras N. Prasad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-09-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only comprehensive treatment of nanophotonics currently available Photonics is an all-encompassing optical science and technology which has impacted a diverse range of fields, from information technology to health care. Nanophotonics is photonic science and technology that utilizes light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, where researchers are discovering new phenomena and developing technologies that go well beyond what is possible with conventional photonics and electronics. These new technologies could include efficient solar power generation, high-bandwidth and high-speed communications, high-capacity data storage, and flexible- and high-contrast displays. In addition, nanophotonics will continue to impact biomedical technologies by providing new and powerful diagnostic techniques, as well as light-guided and activated therapies. Nanophotonics provides the only available comprehensive treatment of this exciting, multidisciplinary field, offering a wide range of topics covering: * Foundations * Materials * Applications * Theory * Fabrication Nanophotonics introduces students to important and timely concepts and provides scientists and engineers with a cutting-edge reference. The book is intended for anyone who wishes to learn about light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, as well as applications of photonics for nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Written by an acknowledged leader in the field, this text provides an essential resource for those interested in the future of materials science and engineering, nanotechnology, and photonics.
Book Synopsis BioMEMS and Biomedical Nanotechnology by : Mihrimah Ozkan
Download or read book BioMEMS and Biomedical Nanotechnology written by Mihrimah Ozkan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions reporting on fundamental and applied investigations of the material science, biochemistry, and physics of biomedical microdevices with applications to Genomics and Proteomics. Topics include gene expression profiling utilizing microarray technology; imaging and sensing for gene detection and use in DNA analysis; and coverage of advanced microfluidic devices and the Humane Genome Project.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Catalysts by : Susannah L. Scott
Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts written by Susannah L. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent advent of nanotechnology, research and development in the area of nanostructured materials has gained unprecedented prominence. Novel materials with potentially exciting new applications are being discovered at a much higher rate than ever before. Innovative tools to fabricate, manipulate, characterize and evaluate such materials are being developed and expanded. To keep pace with this extremely rapid growth, it is necessary to take a breath from time to time, to critically assess the current knowledge and provide thoughts for future developments. This book represents one of these moments, as a number of prominent scientists in nanostructured materials join forces to provide insightful reviews of their areas of expertise, thus offering an overall picture of the state-- the art of the field. Nanostructured materials designate an increasing number of materials with designed shapes, surfaces, structures, pore systems, etc. Nanostructured materials with modified surfaces include those whose surfaces have been altered via such techniques as grafting and tethering of organic or organometallic species, or through various deposition procedures including electro, electroless and vapor deposition, or simple adsorption. These materials find important applications in catalysis, separation and environmental remediation. Materials with patterned surfaces, which are essential for the optoelectronics industry, constitute another important class of surface-modified nanostructured materials. Other materials are considered nanostructured because of their composition and internal organization.
Book Synopsis Manufacturing Techniques for Microfabrication and Nanotechnology by : Marc J. Madou
Download or read book Manufacturing Techniques for Microfabrication and Nanotechnology written by Marc J. Madou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for science and engineering students, this text focuses on emerging trends in processes for fabricating MEMS and NEMS devices. The book reviews different forms of lithography, subtractive material removal processes, and additive technologies. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication processes are exhaustively covered and the merits of the different approaches are compared. Students can use this color volume as a guide to help establish the appropriate fabrication technique for any type of micro- or nano-machine.
Book Synopsis Nanostructures And Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, And Applications (2nd Edition) by : Guozhong Cao
Download or read book Nanostructures And Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, And Applications (2nd Edition) written by Guozhong Cao and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 2nd edition of the original “Nanostructures and Nanomaterials” written by Guozhong Cao and published by Imperial College Press in 2004.This important book focuses not only on the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures and nanomaterials, but also includes properties and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, particularly inorganic nanomaterials. It provides balanced and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals and processing techniques with regard to synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials. Both chemical processing and lithographic techniques are presented in a systematic and coherent manner for the synthesis and fabrication of 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanostructures, as well as special nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous oxides. The book will serve as a general introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology for teaching and self-study purposes.
Book Synopsis Photon Management in Solar Cells by : Ralf B. Wehrspohn
Download or read book Photon Management in Solar Cells written by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.
Book Synopsis Biomedical Optical Sensors by : Richard De La Rue
Download or read book Biomedical Optical Sensors written by Richard De La Rue and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides wide-ranging coverage of current developments in biomedical sensing based on photonic techniques. Biomedical sensing is a dynamic topic that promises to deliver much in the future evolution of medical diagnostics, delivering advanced tools for fundamental research in biology at the micrometre and nanometre scales. The book explores a variety of alternative physical and biological methodologies that have become available for application, such as plasmonic sensors and photonic crystal biosensors. At the same time, it addresses issues that potentially limit the capability of biomedical optical sensing techniques, while reviewing the state-of-the-art in biomedical optical sensing for the future work that will lead to near-universal applications of such techniques. Edited and written by leading experts in this domain, this book is ideal as a comprehensive manual for researchers and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Self-Assembled Nanostructures by : Jin Zhang
Download or read book Self-Assembled Nanostructures written by Jin Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructures refer to materials that have relevant dimensions on the nanometer length scales and reside in the mesoscopic regime between isolated atoms and molecules in bulk matter. These materials have unique physical properties that are distinctly different from bulk materials. Self-Assembled Nanostructures provides systematic coverage of basic nanomaterials science including materials assembly and synthesis, characterization, and application. Suitable for both beginners and experts, it balances the chemistry aspects of nanomaterials with physical principles. It also highlights nanomaterial-based architectures including assembled or self-assembled systems. Filled with in-depth discussion of important applications of nano-architectures as well as potential applications ranging from physical to chemical and biological systems, Self-Assembled Nanostructures is the essential reference or text for scientists involved with nanostructures.
