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Extremely Low Frequency Elf Communications Program In Wisconsin And Michigan
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Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan by : United States. Navy. Electronics Systems Command
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan written by United States. Navy. Electronics Systems Command and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan. System and Site Definition, Program Plans, Environmental Summary and Supplemental Information by : NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON DC.
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan. System and Site Definition, Program Plans, Environmental Summary and Supplemental Information written by NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON DC. and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Navy communications with submarines will be improved by deploying a small, operational Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) communications system. This system will be attained by upgrading the existing ELF Communications Facility near Clam Lake, Wisconsin and building a second ELF Communications facility in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The two facilities will be operated synchronously when completed and will transmit coded messages to ELF receiving systems installed on all submarines. This report identifies the work to be done to implement the ELF communications plan approved by the President.
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Wisconsin Transmitter Facility Terminal Grounds Upgrade, Clam Lake, EA B1; ELF Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan, System-site Definition, Program Plans, Environmental Summary and Supplemental Information (1981) by :
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Wisconsin Transmitter Facility Terminal Grounds Upgrade, Clam Lake, EA B1; ELF Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan, System-site Definition, Program Plans, Environmental Summary and Supplemental Information (1981) written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1983 Progress by : J. Zapotosky
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1983 Progress written by J. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from operation of the Navy's ELF Communication System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF System are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and studies were initiated in the late summer. Major activities of the program during 1983 consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Progress is summarized for the 10 projects that comprise the Program. (Author).
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program by :
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program by :
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Navy initiated an ecological monitoring program in 1982 as a part of its environmental quality program for its extremely low frequency (ELF) radio transmitting stations in Wisconsin and-Michigan. Investigators have completed and reported work each year through 1991. This report describes 13 projects comprising the ecological monitoring program and the findings through 1991. Studies in Wisconsin have been completed, with no indications that ecological relationships have been influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by the ELF radio transmitter in that state. Studies in Michigan are continuing.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Submarine Communications Ecological Monitoring Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book An Evaluation of the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Submarine Communications Ecological Monitoring Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-25 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Navy established an ecological monitoring program to determine whether electric and magnetic fields from extremely low frequency (ELF) communications systems influenced plant and animal populations near the transmitting facilities. Although some of the researchers believe that a few biological changes might have occurred, they concluded that the results do not indicate significant adverse ecological effects. This book evaluates the 11 ecological studies of the Navy's monitoring program and examines the adequacy of experimental design, the data collection and analysis, and the soundness of the conclusions. It also addresses whether the monitoring program was capable of detecting subtle effects due to ELF exposure and examines the biological changes observed by some program researchers, such as enhanced tree growth.
Book Synopsis ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communication System Ecological Monitoring Program: Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support - 1987 by : David P. Haradem
Download or read book ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communication System Ecological Monitoring Program: Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support - 1987 written by David P. Haradem and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984, major activities of the program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. From 1985 through 1987, activities centered on the operation of full-scale studies. This report documents electromagnetic (EM) field measurements at investigator selected study sites from 1982 through 1987. Other engineering support activities are also described. Keywords: Radiation effects, Electromagnetic radiation, Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological Monitoring Program. (kt).
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communication System. Ecological Monitoring Program: Wisconsin Bird Studies by :
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communication System. Ecological Monitoring Program: Wisconsin Bird Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to isolate effects of electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by extremely low frequency (ELF) antenna systems on bird species breeding in or migrating through Wisconsin. Specifically, the aim was to determine any differences in bird species richness and abundance between areas close to the antenna and those far enough away to be unaffected by the antenna. Characteristics examined included total species richness and abundance, abundance of common bird species, and abundance of birds within selected guilds. Measurements of vegetation identified differences and similarities between control and treatment areas. Habitat variables were used in analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare numbers of abundant bird species in control versus treatment areas after adjustments for habitat differences. Extremely low frequency, Ecology, Electromagnetic fields, ELF Communications system, Environmental studies, ELF Ecological monitoring program.
Book Synopsis ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System - Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1988 Progress by :
Download or read book ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System - Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1988 Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposal. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1988. Keywords: Extremely low frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological monitoring program.
Book Synopsis ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support--1986 by : D. P. Haradem
Download or read book ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support--1986 written by D. P. Haradem and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984, major activities of the program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. 1985 and 1986 activities centered on the operation of full scale studies. This report documents electromagnetic (EM) field measurement at investigator selected study sites from 1982 through 1986, and presents the status of the sites in light of the EM exposure criteria. Other engineering support activities are also described. Keywords: Extremely low frequency; Electromagnetic fields; Environmental studies; Ecology; Communications system.
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program, Summary of 1986 Progress by : John E. Zapotosky
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program, Summary of 1986 Progress written by John E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF Communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1986.
Book Synopsis ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program by :
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Submarine Communications Ecological Monitoring Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book An Evaluation of the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Submarine Communications Ecological Monitoring Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-06-25 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Navy established an ecological monitoring program to determine whether electric and magnetic fields from extremely low frequency (ELF) communications systems influenced plant and animal populations near the transmitting facilities. Although some of the researchers believe that a few biological changes might have occurred, they concluded that the results do not indicate significant adverse ecological effects. This book evaluates the 11 ecological studies of the Navy's monitoring program and examines the adequacy of experimental design, the data collection and analysis, and the soundness of the conclusions. It also addresses whether the monitoring program was capable of detecting subtle effects due to ELF exposure and examines the biological changes observed by some program researchers, such as enhanced tree growth.
Book Synopsis Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Systems Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1985 Progress by : John E. Zapotosky
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Systems Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1985 Progress written by John E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF Communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1985. Keywords include: Extremely Low Frequency; Electromagnetic Fields; Environmental Studies; Ecology; ELF Communications System; and ELF Ecological Monitoring Program.
Book Synopsis ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1987 Progress by :
Download or read book ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Summary of 1987 Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational databases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The databases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1987.
Book Synopsis ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Measurements of ELF Electromagnetic Fields for Site Selection and Characterization - 1983 by : J. O. Enk
Download or read book ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program: Measurements of ELF Electromagnetic Fields for Site Selection and Characterization - 1983 written by J. O. Enk and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in ELF system areas are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were conducted through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and studies were initiated in late summer. Major activities of the program during 1983 consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumption made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Measurements of electromagnetic fields at the investigator-selected sites are documented, and the acceptability and status of the sites in light of the electromagnetic exposure criteria are discussed. Keywords include: Extremely low Frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF communications system, and ELF ecological monitoring program.
