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Exposure To Community Violence And The Reporting Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents
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Book Synopsis Exposure to Community Violence and the Reporting of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents by : Amy McAdams
Download or read book Exposure to Community Violence and the Reporting of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents written by Amy McAdams and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Distress in a National Sample of Urban Workers by : Sherry Muterspaugh Walling
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Distress in a National Sample of Urban Workers written by Sherry Muterspaugh Walling and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence continues to plague urban communities. The impact of community violence has been widely researched in children and adolescents; however, adult members of urban communities have been largely overlooked. The current study investigated the community violence exposure of 284 urban community development workers across five U.S. cities. Exposure to community violence, history of adverse childhood experiences, and current level of posttraumatic distress were assessed in order to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences moderate the relationship between community violence exposure and posttraumatic distress. The findings indicate that urban workers are exposed to high levels of community violence with 74.9% reporting direct victimization and 99% reporting indirect violence exposure. In addition, 99% of participants reported exposure to adverse childhood experiences, and 14% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A multiple regression analysis confirmed that adverse childhood experiences and community violence exposure were significantly positively related to PTSD. However, the significant interaction between the two predictors was suppressing rather than enhancing, indicating the salience of ACEs over and above community violence in predicting increased PTSD symptoms when both variables are present. Implications for urban work agencies are discussed.
Book Synopsis PTSD in Children and Adolescents by : Spencer Eth
Download or read book PTSD in Children and Adolescents written by Spencer Eth and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2008-08-13 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PTSD is a recently named psychiatric condition that unknown before the publication of DSM-III in 1980. The creation of this diagnosis was intensely controversial, and there continued to be considerable reluctance to apply the term to children. The 1985 landmark volume, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children, edited by Spencer Eth and Robert Pynoos, helped establish the validity of this condition during childhood. Now Spencer Eth has edited PTSD in Children and Adolescents, a work that brings the field of childhood trauma in to the new century by offering fresh insights on five major topic areas in child and adolescent PTSD: Techniques for comprehensive evaluation -- details recently developed diagnostic instruments and rating scales that measure the variety and severity of traumatic symptoms in children and adolescents. Forensic aspects of traumatized children -- surveys legally pertinent issues, including abuse, reliability of traumatic memories, and credibility of child victims. Juvenile offenders and incarcerated youth -- examines the role of trauma in the lives of juvenile offenders, noting that the victimization of delinquents must be specifically addressed in order for an integrated approach to treatment to achieve effective rehabilitation. Biological treatment strategies -- systematically reviews the important role of medications for PTSD in clinical practice, including such topics as biological dysregulation, target symptoms, and the inclusion of drugs into the biopsychosocial treatment plan. The relationship between exposure to trauma in childhood and the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood -- presents current research on the long-term prognosis of traumatized children and adolescents by analyzing the association between early traumatic exposure, biological substrates, and subsequent symptomatic morbidity. Mental health practitioners and trainees, as well as attorneys, pediatricians, and school personnel, will find this thoroughly annotated volume an invaluable roadmap in their journey toward understanding PTSD and discovering more effective treatments for traumatized children and adolescents. With its eclectic perspective and interdisciplinary format, this exceptional reference will also enhance courses in developmental psychology, social work, and education.
Book Synopsis Children of Katrina by : Alice Fothergill
Download or read book Children of Katrina written by Alice Fothergill and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When children experience upheaval and trauma, adults often view them as either vulnerable and helpless or as resilient and able to easily “bounce back.” But the reality is far more complex for the children and youth whose lives are suddenly upended by disaster. How are children actually affected by catastrophic events and how do they cope with the damage and disruption? Children of Katrina offers one of the only long-term, multiyear studies of young people following disaster. Sociologists Alice Fothergill and Lori Peek spent seven years after Hurricane Katrina interviewing and observing several hundred children and their family members, friends, neighbors, teachers, and other caregivers. In this book, they focus intimately on seven children between the ages of three and eighteen, selected because they exemplify the varied experiences of the larger group. They find that children followed three different post-disaster trajectories—declining, finding equilibrium, and fluctuating—as they tried to regain stability. The children’s moving stories illuminate how a devastating disaster affects individual health and well-being, family situations, housing and neighborhood contexts, schooling, peer relationships, and extracurricular activities. This work also demonstrates how outcomes were often worse for children who were vulnerable and living in crisis before the storm. Fothergill and Peek clarify what kinds of assistance children need during emergency response and recovery periods, as well as the individual, familial, social, and structural factors that aid or hinder children in getting that support.
Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by : Claudine C. Hyatt
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Claudine C. Hyatt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Children by : Spencer Eth
Download or read book Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Children written by Spencer Eth and published by American Psychiatric Association Publishing. This book was released on 1985 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers post-traumatic stress disorder in children.
Book Synopsis Polyvictimization by : Julian D. Ford
Download or read book Polyvictimization written by Julian D. Ford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the core research and theory on polyvictimization – exposure to multiple types of victimization that may have negative and potentially lifelong biopsychosocial impacts. The contributors to the volume address such topics as measurement issues in how polyvictimization should be assessed and measured; developmental risks of early childhood polyvictimization for maltreated children in foster care; gender differences in polyvictimization and its consequences among juvenile justice-involved youth; the importance of trauma-focused treatment for polyvictimized youth in the juvenile justice system; and the nature of polyvictimization in the internet era. Suited to readers who are new to the topic including graduate and undergraduate students, as well as researchers and clinicians who want a concise update on the latest empirical research from the frontiers of this field, this book provides findings and methodological innovations of interest to researchers and human service professionals. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation.
Book Synopsis Exposure to Community Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Among Diverse, Urban Adolescents by : Jannette Alejandra Urciuoli
Download or read book Exposure to Community Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Among Diverse, Urban Adolescents written by Jannette Alejandra Urciuoli and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of a Family History of Alcohol Or Drug Abuse on PTSD Outcomes Following Community Violence Exposure by : Kathryn Reid-Quiñones
Download or read book The Role of a Family History of Alcohol Or Drug Abuse on PTSD Outcomes Following Community Violence Exposure written by Kathryn Reid-Quiñones and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research consistently has revealed the damaging consequences of children's repeated exposure to community violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly cited internalizing disorder associated with such exposure. However, not all children who are exposed to community violence develop PTSD symptoms; thus, it is important to identify factors that contribute to this deleterious relationship. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of community violence exposure (CVE)and PTSD in a sample of urban adolescents. Additionally, the study assessed whether a maternal history of alcohol or drug abuse would exacerbate the association of CVE and PTSD symptoms in youth. Furthermore, deficient parenting and poorer psychological functioning of the substance-abusing mother was examined as a possible explanation of the relation of maternal substance abuse to community violence exposure and PTSD. Participants included 309 biological mothers and their 5th or 8th grade children (N = 309 dyads) who were recruited from high-violence neighborhoods in Richmond, Virginia. Youth and their maternal caregivers completed separate home interviews. Results revealed that greater violence exposure (witnessing violence and direct victimization)was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms in youth. Additionally, maternal alcohol abuse history exacerbated the relation between witnessed violence and PTSD symptoms. At low levels of witnessed violence, mother's alcohol use type did not influence PTSD symptoms; however, as levels of witnessed violence increase, youth whose mothers were classified as having a positive alcohol abuse history were more likely to report higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, parental knowledge was an independent predictor of PTSD symptoms in each of the models. Lower levels of parental knowledge were associated with higher levels of youth-reported PTSD symptoms. Overall, the study findings support the need to examine moderating and mediating factors of the relation between CVE and PTSD among youth.
Book Synopsis Violence and Trauma in the Lives of Children by : Joy D. Osofsky
Download or read book Violence and Trauma in the Lives of Children written by Joy D. Osofsky and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the neurological, emotional, and behavioral impacts of violence and trauma experienced by newborns, infants, children, and teenagers. Traumatic events known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect children physically, mentally, and emotionally, sometimes with long-term health and behavioral effects. Abuse, neglect, exposure to community and domestic violence, and household dysfunction all have the potential to alter brain development and behavior, but few people are able to recognize or respond to trauma in children. Given the prevalence of childhood exposure to violence—with one in four children ages 5 to 15 living in households with only moderate levels of safety and nurturance and infants and children ages 0 to 3 comprising the highest percentage of those maltreated—it is imperative that students and professionals alike be able to identify types and consequences of violence and trauma. This book provides readers with the information they need in order to know how to detect and prevent ACEs and to help children who have lived through them.
Book Synopsis Review of the Efficacy of Evidence-based Programs at Minimizing the Effects of Community Based Violence by : Patricia Russo
Download or read book Review of the Efficacy of Evidence-based Programs at Minimizing the Effects of Community Based Violence written by Patricia Russo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to trauma, including chronic community violence, during adolescence appears to impact youth's development and adaptive functioning in several domains. Community violence exposure is associated with both internalizing and externalizing difficulties as well attentional impairment, declines in academic achievement, impairment in typical development, and increased substance use. Consequently, treatment implications for adolescents exposed to community violence is a heightened area of concern and a topic that needs to be further investigated. This review begins by summarizing the risk and protective factors that may influence the impact of community violence exposure. The overall aim is to conduct a systematic review of evidence-based programs that have been implemented in the community to determine what specific aspects of these programs have shown to be effective, or ineffective, in treating externalizing and internalizing behaviors exhibited by adolescents exposed to community violence. This literature review closely examined eight articles (six programs) that assessed the impact of trauma, particularly community violence, on psychological well-being. Only articles that and females between the ages of 10 and 17 were reviewed. In addition, the article had to include at least one of the core characteristics of violence exposure: direct victimization or witnessing violence in the community as a risk factor for adolescent well-being. The programs were examined through study sample and design, type of intervention, and key findings on the effects of treatment on mental health symptoms following experience of community violence. All programs found significant improvements in symptoms related to posttraumatic stress, as each program was aimed at treating adolescents who have experienced a form of trauma. However, the specific types of posttraumatic stress symptoms that improved varied by programs. Programs that resulted in significant decreases in depression appeared to place a large emphasis on the cognitive and affect regulation components of therapy. Decreases in anxiety was associated with programs that placed a greater emphasis on implementing multiple ecological levels of intervention, including parent-child attunement and attachment. Results of the present review indicate that taking on a comprehensive and multi-tiered approach to reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors appears, notably by targeting interventions to focus on the individual and family levels, helps address the generational impact of community violence.
Book Synopsis Students’ Perceptions of School Cohesion and PTSD Symptoms in Salvadorian Youth by : Jenny Reyes Siaw
Download or read book Students’ Perceptions of School Cohesion and PTSD Symptoms in Salvadorian Youth written by Jenny Reyes Siaw and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to community violence (CV) whether direct, indirect, or vicarious—can lead to adverse psychological problems such as posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth. El Salvador has been considered one of the most violent countries in Latin America (Geneva Declaration Secretariat, 2015) and as such, Salvadorian adolescents are at a higher risk of CV exposure. As youth spend a large amount of time in school, students’ perception of school cohesion may have an impact on their mental health. In this study, I tested the relationships between perception of school cohesion, the three types of CV lifetime exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in a sample of 813 Salvadorian adolescents. Results from a parallel mediation analysis with bootstrapping indicated that, after controlling for gender, age, and school type, school cohesion was significantly and negatively related to PTSD and all three levels of violence exposure. However, direct exposure was the only significant mediator between school cohesion and PTSD symptoms. Findings from this study suggested that high levels of perceived school cohesion could buffer the relationship between lifetime exposure to direct CV and adolescent endorsement of PTSD symptoms.
Book Synopsis Post-traumatic Stress Or Aggression by : Harrison D. Angoff
Download or read book Post-traumatic Stress Or Aggression written by Harrison D. Angoff and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research links community violence exposure (CVE) with both post-traumatic stress (PTS) and aggression in youth from urban environments. Less research has examined the impact CVE has on emerging adults from urban communities, who - according to national statistics - face the highest levels of violence compared to other demographic groups. Emerging adulthood is a period of increased autonomy and responsibility. Understanding individual characteristics that may discriminate among emerging adults who develop PTS from those who develop aggression - mental health concerns that can impede emerging adults' successful transition to adulthood - is an important area of research. Social-cognitive and emotion-related constructs have been implicated as mediators of the link between CVE and the development of aggression throughout adolescence. Once stable, such processes may serve to moderate the link between CVE and its behavioral and mental health outcomes in emerging adults. In the current study, I explored whether normative beliefs about violence and emotional sensitivity to violence moderate the relation between CVE and 1) aggression; and 2) post-traumatic stress symptoms among a sample of emerging adults from an urban community. Results showed positive relations of CVE with both PTS and aggression; a positive relation of normative beliefs with aggression; and a positive relation of emotional sensitivity with PTS. Emotional sensitivity also moderated the relation between CVE and PTS such that the positive link between CVE and PTS was stronger at higher levels of emotional sensitivity. Findings shed light on the importance of examining emerging adult CVE and of considering one's normative beliefs about violence and sensitivity to violence in the presence of aggression and PTS.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Multiple Childhood Trauma on Homeless Runaway Adolescents by : Michael DiPaolo
Download or read book The Impact of Multiple Childhood Trauma on Homeless Runaway Adolescents written by Michael DiPaolo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a model for examining the relationsihp between multiple types of childhood trauma-physical, sexual and psychological abuse, exposure to domestic violence-and psychological functioning in a sample of 140 homeless adolescents.
Book Synopsis Wrong Place, Wrong Time by : John A. Rich
Download or read book Wrong Place, Wrong Time written by John A. Rich and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named One of the Top 20 Books of 2009 by Cleveland Plain Dealer Medical school taught John Rich how to deal with physical trauma in a big city hospital but not with the disturbing fact that young black men were daily shot, stabbed, and beaten. This is Rich's account of his personal search to find sense in the juxtaposition of his life and theirs. Young black men in cities are overwhelmingly the victims—and perpetrators—of violent crime in the United States. Troubled by this tragedy—and by his medical colleagues' apparent numbness in the face of it—Rich, a black man who grew up in relative safety and comfort, reached out to many of these young crime victims to learn why they lived in a seemingly endless cycle of violence and how it affected them. The stories they told him are unsettling—and revealing about the reality of life in American cities. Mixing his own perspective with their seldom-heard voices, Rich relates the stories of young black men whose lives were violently disrupted—and of their struggles to heal and remain safe in an environment that both denied their trauma and blamed them for their injuries. He tells us of people such as Roy, a former drug dealer who fought to turn his life around and found himself torn between the ease of returning to the familiarity of life on the violent streets of Boston and the tenuous promise of accepting a new, less dangerous one. Rich's poignant portrait humanizes young black men and illustrates the complexity of a situation that defies easy answers and solutions.
Book Synopsis Political Violence, Armed Conflict, and Youth Adjustment by : E. Mark Cummings
Download or read book Political Violence, Armed Conflict, and Youth Adjustment written by E. Mark Cummings and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and critiques the growing literature on youth development under conditions of political violence and armed conflict. It presents a robust framework, based in developmental psychopathology, for evaluating current research on this topic for strength of design, methodology, and documentation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from diverse regions and conflicts as well as across disciplines examine risks and challenges as well as resilience and coping as youth develop in unstable and threatening environments. In addition, this book provides strategies for designing and implementing prevention and intervention programs as well as further opportunities for expanding applied research for youth exposed to political violence and armed conflict. Topics featured in this book include: Analysis of major research on youths’ normative and pathological development during political violence and war. Guidelines for assessing research studies on the impact of political violence and armed conflict on youth. The effects of social ecology factors (e.g., family, school, and community) on youth functioning. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Political Violence, Armed Conflict, and Youth Adjustment is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in the fields of child and school psychology, family studies, and public health as well as developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, political science, anthropology, social and peace psychology, sociology, and ethnic studies.
Book Synopsis Traumatic Stress and Its Aftermath by : Sandra Lee
Download or read book Traumatic Stress and Its Aftermath written by Sandra Lee and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the aftermath of traumatic stress as it affects various populations, including therapists themselves! This book will educate you about the aftermath of traumatic stress as it impacts people in a variety of settings. It explores the factors that lead to increased or reduced vulnerability to the effects of traumatic stress, emphasizing the impact of cumulative/multiple trauma rather than the effects of a single traumatic incident, to help you design and implement effective prevention and intervention programs. The specific populations and groups addressed in this important book include: adolescent girls involved in armed conflict in Colombia’s guerilla war urban African-American youth—a theoretical model for risk and resiliency people with strong spiritual/religious beliefs—how spirituality can affect a person’s reaction to traumatic stress women in recovery in a community aftercare shelter female trauma therapists—factors affecting vicarious traumatization of helping professionals college students with histories of abuse Providing a framework for understanding traumatic stress-related issues based on a variety of methodologies and measures, Traumatic Stress and Its Aftermath addresses important questions, such as: What is the relationship between the experiences of trauma or other stressful life events, and subsequent traumatic stress? What are the protective factors that can buffer or ameliorate the development of traumatic stress in the face of adverse life experiences, trauma, or other stressful events? How do these questions evolve in different cultural or community contexts, and with different populations? What are the implications for interventions for community institutions and mental health workers? What roles do self-esteem and spirituality play in a person’s reaction to traumatic stress? How do reactions to traumatic stress differ between women who have been sexually abused as children and women who have not? From editor Sandra S. Lee: “Contemporary developments in the study of traumatic stress are shifting. This book reflects an emphasis on the study of traumatic stress in normal community, cultural, or college student populations and groups, while other literature has focused on individuals specifically diagnosed with PTSD. In addition, Traumatic Stress and Its Aftermath: Cultural, Community, and Professional Contexts emphasizes the search for risk and protective factors and factors that can buffer the relationship between trauma exposure and subsequent distress.”
