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Author : Jens Krüger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Explaining International Productivity Differences written by Jens Krüger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alistair Dieppe
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816093
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Author : Jorge Alvarez
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498326633
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Crop Selection and International Differences in Aggregate Agricultural Productivity written by Jorge Alvarez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large share of cross-country differences in productivity is explained by differences in agricultural productivity. Using a combination of sub-national agricultural statistics and geospatial datasets on crop-specific potential yields, we study the main drivers of this variation from a macroeconomic perspective. We find that differences in geographically-induced crop-specific comparative advantages can explain a substantial share of the variation in yields across the world. Data reveal substantial gaps between potential and observed yields in most countries. When decomposing these within country gaps, we find that crop selection gaps are on average larger than those induced by input usage alone. The results highlight the importance of understanding the interaction of geography and crop selection drivers in assessing aggregate agricultural productivity differences.
Author : Richard R. Nelson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (763 download)
Download or read book International Productivity Differences in Manufacturing Industry written by Richard R. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I of this study examines certain important difficulties with existing formal theory purporting to explain international differences in output per worker in manufacturing, particularly differences between developed and underdeveloped countries. Part II presents a theoretical case for abandoning two central assumptions of that theory -- that all firms can be considered as on the same neoclassical production function, and that factor markets are perfect and competitive. Basically the argument will be that manufacturing development should be modeled as an inter- and intra-national diffusion process. Part III presents an empirical analysis of Colombian-United States productivity differences which supports the argument of Part II. (Author).
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264043462
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. In particular, this handbook is concerned with indicators which compare and rank country performance.
Author : Stephen R. Yeaple
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book International Productivity Differences, Infrastructure, and Comparative Advantage written by Stephen R. Yeaple and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an empirical analysis of the effect of infrastructure provision on industry-level productivity and international specialization, as suggested by Clarida and Findlays (1992) model. We calculate total factor productivity (TFP) for 18 developed and developing countries and 10 manufacturing industries, and study the effects of supplies of roads, telecommunications and electric power on international variations in sectoral TFP, i.e. comparative advantage. We also examine the effects of infrastructure on the sectoral composition of output across countries. Using a three-stage least-squares estimation strategy to control for endogeneity of infrastructure provision, we find that infrastructure, especially roads, helps to explain patterns of comparative advantage and international specialization.
Author : Rodney E. Falvey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book A Formalisation and Test of the Factor Productivity Explanation of International Differences in Service Prices written by Rodney E. Falvey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821397281
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Measuring the Real Size of the World's Economy written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions"--T.p. verso.
Author : John H. Dunning
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317576179
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Explaining International Production (Routledge Revivals) written by John H. Dunning and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Dunning’s general theory of international production, first propounded in the late 1970’s, has generated considerable debate. This work thoughtfully reassesses the paradigm, and extends the analysis to embrace issues of theoretical and empirical importance. In a collection of essays, the changing characteristics of international production are examined, and an interdisciplinary approach suggested for understanding the multinational enterprise in the world economy. This book, first published in 1988, will be of value not only to economists and international business analysts, but to scholars in other fields, notably organizational, marketing and management specialists.
Author : Morris Altman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Interfirm, Interregional, and International Differences in Labor Productivity written by Morris Altman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists have traditionally attempted to explain productivity differences between firms, regions and nations by focusing upon differences in capital-labor ratios, the quality of labor and capital, and the quality and quantity of investment in human capital. However, Harvey Leibenstein argues that the productivity between firms can also be explained by differences in the motivational systems embodied by firms and countries. Many firms produce X-inefficiently; X-inefficiency is usually related to market imperfections but can exist in perfectly competitive product markets because low wages protect the firm. However, the increased pressure caused by higher wages can induce them to reduce X-inefficiency and thereby increase labor productivity. To the extent at which wage differentials and wage increases affect the degree of X-inefficiency, it can be shown that high wages need not cause increases in unit cost or reductions in profit. Relatively high wages can be shown to induce greater economic efficiency and hence contribute towards improving the potential material well-being of society.
Author : Peter Egger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Empirical Productivity Distributions and International Trade written by Peter Egger and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use firm-level data for 15 countries and 13 manufacturing sectors to estimate firm-level productivity parameters and to establish representative country-sector-specific empirical productivity distributions. We use these distributions against the backdrop of multi-sector versions of the models of Eaton and Kortum (2002) and Melitz (2003) to quantify the role of technology in shaping international trade flows. We find that, on average, absolute advantage measured as productivity differences across countries within sectors explains 15% and 21% of the total variation in bilateral trade shares in the models of Eaton and Kortum (2002) and Melitz (2003), respectively. In contrast, on average, comparative advantage measured as productivity differences across sectors within countries explains 39% and 47% of the variation in trade flows in these two models. We also demonstrate that empirical productivity distributions entail quantitatively important micro-to-macro implications for marginal responses of trade flows to changes in trade costs, for gravity-type estimation of trade models, and for comparative statics isomorphism between the customarily parameterized models of international trade. We confirm the predictions of the two aforementioned models under empirical productivity distributions in the data.
Author : Karin Wagner
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book International Productivity Differences written by Karin Wagner and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1996 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of papers in this book gives a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the measurement and explanation of productivity differences. The contributions compare productivity developments in an international perspective not only between advanced countries in the OECD area but also with (former) planned economies in eastern Europe. The book includes comparisons among industrial, service and other sectors of the economy. Three different approaches to productivity measurement have been adopted: statistical comparisons of growth rates, statistical comparisons of relative levels and productivity case studies. Within each of these a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative factors is examined to explain differences at the macro, meso and micro level. These include physical capital intensity and growth, human capital (training, education, management, work organisation), R&D, product quality, globalisation and competition. Legal and social factors are taken into account as well as the problem of transfer pricing. Finally, the papers in this volume provide important information about the explanatory factors behind the catch-up and convergence process and about the underlying production processes and types of products in measuring the impact of technology diffusion.
Author : Charles R. Hulten
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226360644
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book New Developments in Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.
Author : CHAORAN. CHEN
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Essays on Macroeconomic Development written by CHAORAN. CHEN and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural productivity is important for understanding international income differences. The international labor productivity differences are much larger in agriculture than in non-agriculture. Moreover, poor countries have higher agricultural employment shares. Therefore, my thesis studies why cross-country labor productivity differences are much larger in agriculture. In the first chapter, I argue that the prevalence of untitled land in poor countries lowers their agricultural productivity. Since untitled land cannot be traded across farmers, it creates land misallocation and distorts individuals' occupational choice between farming and working outside agriculture. I build a model to quantify the impact of untitled land. I find that economies with higher percentages of untitled land would have lower agricultural productivity; land titling can increase agricultural productivity by up to 82.5%. The second chapter studies agricultural productivity through technology adoption. Cross-country differences in capital intensity are larger in agriculture than in non-agriculture, reflecting differences in agricultural technology adoption. I build a model featuring technology adoption in agriculture. As the economy develops, farmers gradually replace the traditional technology with a modern technology which has higher capital intensity and higher productivity, as is observed in the U.S. historical data. For countries at different stages of development, my model can explain 1.56-fold more of agricultural productivity differences compared to a model without technology adoption. I further show that land misallocation in agriculture impedes technology adoption and magnify productivity differences. The third chapter, co-authored with Diego Restuccia and Raul Santaeulalia-Llopis, uses detailed household-level micro data from Ethiopia to study factor misallocation and its impact on agricultural productivity. We find substantial factor misallocation across farmers in agriculture. An efficient reallocation of resources can increase aggregate agricultural output and productivity by 127 percent. Land rentals substantially improve resource allocation, with market-based rentals much more effective in reducing misallocation. Exploiting regional variation in land rentals resulting from the implementation of a land certification reform, we find that more land rentals are associated with lower misallocation and higher agricultural productivity: a one percentage point higher land rental is associated with a 0.8 percentage points higher agricultural productivity.
Author : Min Zhu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513515357
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book China’s Productivity Convergence and Growth Potential—A Stocktaking and Sectoral Approach written by Min Zhu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence.
Author : Richard B. Freeman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226261956
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)
Download or read book International Differences in the Business Practices and Productivity of Firms written by Richard B. Freeman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, globalization and the expansion of information technologies have reshaped managerial practices, forcing multinational firms to adjust business practices to different environments and domestic companies to adjust to their foreign competitors. In International Differences in the Business Practices and Productivity of Firms, a distinguished group of contributors examines the phenomenon of widespread differences in managerial practices across firms, establishments within firms, and countries. This volume brings together eight studies that combine qualitative and quantitative insider analysis of business practices such as the use of teams, incentive pay, lean manufacturing, and quality control, revealing the elements that determine which practices are adopted and why. International Differences in the Business Practices and Productivity of Firms offers a much-needed model for measuring the productivity and performance of international firms in a fast-paced global economy.
Author : Suparna Chakraborty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Can International Productivity Differences Explain U.S. Current Account Deficits? written by Suparna Chakraborty and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An influential explanation for the recent rise in the U.S. current account deficit is the boom in U.S. productivity. As U.S. productivity surged in the mid-1990s, capital was attracted to the U.S. to take advantage of the higher real returns. Using a two country general equilibrium model, this paper quantitatively shows that the gap in productivity growth between the U.S. and the quot;rest of the worldquot; cannot explain the U.S. current account deficits, especially in the 1980s and the 2000s. This is because on a GDP-weighted basis, the quot;rest of the worldquot; actually had higher productivity growth during these periods, and standard macroeconomic models would predict an outflow of funds from the U.S. to the rest of the world, and a consequent U.S. current account surplus. We show that changes in global financial integration can help explain this anomaly in U.S. current account behavior.
