Expert Systems and Case Law

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Author :
Publisher : Ellis Horwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems and Case Law by : Uri J. Schild

Download or read book Expert Systems and Case Law written by Uri J. Schild and published by Ellis Horwood. This book was released on 1992 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailing the difficulties of building expert systems for case law, this study examines two actual, implemented systems and describes how they provide only a partial answer to the problem. The author suggests areas where there could be considerable improvements.

Expert Systems in Law

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems in Law by : Richard E. Susskind

Download or read book Expert Systems in Law written by Richard E. Susskind and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive investigation Susskind uses jurisprudence to articulate the presuppositions and limitations of building expert systems, and to provide sound practical guidance for their design.

A Hybrid Legal Expert System

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis A Hybrid Legal Expert System by : Thomas A O'Callaghan

Download or read book A Hybrid Legal Expert System written by Thomas A O'Callaghan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legal expert systems are the nexus of Artificial Intelligence and the law. A legal expert system is "a system capable of performing at a level expected of a lawyer" [Popple 1996, page 3]. Legal expert systems may be designed for use by legally trained people or for use by the general public ("lay-people"). Legal expert systems designed for use by legally trained people aim to provide a method of speeding-up the provision, and improving the accuracy, of legal research undertaken with the aim of advising the client. Designed for use by legally trained people, these systems may assume general legal knowledge. Consequently the questions asked by the system and the reports returned may be stated at a level appropriate for legally trained people. The primary benefit of this category of legal expert system is the reduction of internal cost of legal research. The flow-on benefits for clients reductions in the cost of legal services and consequently improved access to quality representation, and reduction of the time taken to resolve a legal question. Legal expert systems designed for use by lay-people aim to provide greater access to the law. This category of legal expert system is more difficult to create because no legal knowledge by the user can be assumed. The discovery of the facts of the case becomes problematic [Susskind 2001]. More research is required in the area of fact elicitation before such systems become viable. Once they are viable, access to the law should be dramatically improved. A consequential benefit may be a reduction in litigation, as potential litigants could settle their dispute by reference to the advice of a legal expert system. However, such a system would raise an important ethical question -- the creators of such a system may be usurping the role of the courts in that the public may come to rely on the statements by the system as "what the law is". SHYSTER-MYCIN is the legal expert system created for and discussed in this thesis. SHYSTER-MYCIN combines rule-based reasoning with case-based reasoning. The system is designed as the first category of legal expert systems described above: a legal expert system to be consulted by legally trained people. This hybrid system enables the case-based reasoner to determine open-textured concepts when required by the rule-based reasoner, MYCIN. The system operates on a reduced version of the Copyright Act 1968, including cases that define the term "authorization" (see Chapter 2). The Act is reasoned by a system of rules. Whereas cases are reasoned by analogy. This approach is supported by jurisprudential discussions on legal reasoning (see Chapter 3). The system was created in three progressive versions (Chapter 5). The focus of the creation of the system was the reporting of reasons for conclusions. The second and third versions were tested against three criteria: validity, conciseness and correctness (see Chapter 6). The system performed well (see Chapter 7) against those criteria, indicating that the approach taken is appropriate: that is, it is appropriate to use rules to reason with statutes and analogy to reason with cases.

SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System

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Author :
Publisher : Australian National Univ.
ISBN 13 : 0731518276
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System by : James Popple

Download or read book SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Australian National Univ.. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. But the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer’s approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer—not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. SHYSTER is of a general design: it can provide advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Hence, it can operate in different legal domains. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those domains. Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.

Expert Systems in Law

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Author :
Publisher : North Holland
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems in Law by : Antonio Anselmo Martino

Download or read book Expert Systems in Law written by Antonio Anselmo Martino and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1992 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informatics is a cross-roads of disciplines, but it is also a forge for implementations that are transforming our society because they are transforming all forms of production. Law is, without a doubt, a very important social application domain of informatics. In the volume presented here, legal knowledge is considered mainly from the lawyer's point of view while taking into account the implementation of expert systems. It is a review of the best known theories of the representation of legal orders and systems in the light of the possibility of using more advanced computer tools. A solution to the problem of how to represent legal knowledge in such a way that it can be used by the inference engine of an expert system for making calculations and arriving at consequences is also proposed.

Legal Expert Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Expert Systems by : Martina Smith

Download or read book Legal Expert Systems written by Martina Smith and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expert Systems in Law

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems in Law by : Alan Tyree

Download or read book Expert Systems in Law written by Alan Tyree and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expert Systems in Law

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (233 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems in Law by :

Download or read book Expert Systems in Law written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Knowledge-Based Systems and Legal Applications

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483295346
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge-Based Systems and Legal Applications by : T.J.M. Bench-Capon

Download or read book Knowledge-Based Systems and Legal Applications written by T.J.M. Bench-Capon and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the experience of the largest project in knowledge-based systems and the law yet undertaken. It provides an in-depth introduction to representation of law in computer programs, as well as more advanced discussion and description of large knowledge-based systems building, legal representation, cooperative work, and interface design in the context of the project. Describes the world's largest KBS and law project Contains an authoritative survey of approaches to legal knowledge representation Outlines several prototype systems Discusses the integration of KBS and law issues with HCI and social implications

Legal Expert Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Expert Systems by : James Popple

Download or read book Legal Expert Systems written by James Popple and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two different categories of legal AI system are described, and legal analysis systems are chosen as objects of study. So-called judgment machines are discussed, but it is decided that research in legal AI systems would be best carried-out in the area of legal expert systems. The process of legal reasoning is briefly examined, and two different methods of legal knowledge representation are discussed (rule-based systems and case-based systems). It is argued that a rule-based approach to legal expert systems is inappropriate given the requirements of lawyers and the nature of legal reasoning about cases. A new approach is described, incorporating both rule-based and case-based knowledge representation. It is claimed that such an approach can form the basis of an effective and useful legal expert system.

Introduction to Expert Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Expert Systems by : Peter Jackson

Download or read book Introduction to Expert Systems written by Peter Jackson and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1999 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 1997, IBM's Deeper Blue defeated the world chess champion Gary Kasparov, showing that an artificial intelligence system can outplay even the most skilled of human experts. Since the first expert systems appeared in the late sixties, we have seen three decades of research and development engineer human knowledge to more practical ends, in a pioneering effort that has integrated diverse areas of cognitive and computer science. Today, expert systems exist in many forms, from medical diagnosis to investment analysis and from counseling to production control. This third edition of Peter Jackson's best-selling book updates the technological base of expert systems research and embeds those developments in a wide variety of application areas. The earlier chapters have been refocused to take a more practical approach to the basic topics, while the later chapters introduce new topic areas such as case-based reasoning, connectionist systems and hybrid systems. Results in related areas, such as machine learning and reasoning with uncertainty, are also accorded a thorough treatment. The new edition contains many new examples and exercises, most of which are in CLIPS, a language that combines production rules with object-oriented programming. LISP, PROLOG and C++ are also featured where appropriate. Interesting problems are posed throughout, and are solved in exercises involving the analysis, design and implementation of CLIPS programs. This book will prove useful to a wide readership including general readers, students and teachers, software engineers and researchers. Its modular structure enables readers to follow a pathway most suited to their needs, providing them with an up-to-date account of expert systems technology. Peter Jackson is Director of Research at West Group, a division of The Thomson Corporation and the leading provider of information to the US legal market. Peter drives the application of natural language and information retrieval technologies to the information needs of law and business. Previous appointments include Principal Scientist at the McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in Saint Louis, Missouri, and Lecturer in the Department of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.

A Pragmatic Legal Expert System

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Author :
Publisher : Dartmouth (Ashgate)
ISBN 13 : 1855217392
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis A Pragmatic Legal Expert System by : James Popple

Download or read book A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Dartmouth (Ashgate). This book was released on 1996-05-21 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. This book argues that a complex model is unnecessary. It advocates a simpler, pragmatic approach in which the utility of a legal expert system is evaluated by reference, not to the extent to which it simulates a lawyer's approach to a legal problem, but to the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. The author describes the development of a legal expert system, called SHYSTER, which takes a pragmatic approach to case law. He discusses the testing of SHYSTER in four different and disparate areas of case law, and draws conclusions about the advantages and limitations of this approach to legal expert system development. Chapter 1 presents a critical analysis of previous work of relevance to the development of legal expert systems. Chapter 2 explains the pragmatic approach that was adopted in the development of SHYSTER. The implementation of SHYSTER is detailed using examples in chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the testing of SHYSTER, and conclusions are drawn from those tests in chapter 5. Examples of SHYSTER's output are provided in appendices.

A Hybrid Intelligent System Approach to Legal Reasoning

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Author :
Publisher : Mha Publisher
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (158 download)

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Book Synopsis A Hybrid Intelligent System Approach to Legal Reasoning by : Pooja Raundale

Download or read book A Hybrid Intelligent System Approach to Legal Reasoning written by Pooja Raundale and published by Mha Publisher. This book was released on 2023-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many legal expert systems are dependent on the concept of complex models. They are implemented using these complex models of legal reasoning. The legal expert systems are useful only if they are used by the users. The users of the expert systems are mainly common men, lawyers or any other person who is studying law. The usability of the Expert System predominantly depends on the quality factor of the system. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary; a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to a lawyer, so it should operate at the same way as a lawyer works in his area. A legal expert system called NIRNAY has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. NIRNAY is a Hybrid Intelligent System which uses two methods of reasoning to give the advice to the user of the system. NIRNAY has an Application layer above the two modules. These modules are Case Based Reasoner module and Rule Based Reasoner module. The rule base and case base are used for representation of knowledge about the domain. NIRNAY is a hybrid intelligent system in the sense that its advice is based upon the two methods of reasoning; it uses the Rule Based Reasoning and Case Based Reasoning to produce the advice. The first module i.e. RBR module checks the validity of the contract and the argument is produced by the CBR module for Breach of Building Contract, an argument, about the similarities and differences between cases. NIRNAY tries to use the way in which lawyers argue with cases. It also attempts to use the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in the arguments. It makes use of 'similarity measure' to find the similarity between the cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. NIRNAY is tested for both the modules and it indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. NIRNAY demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.

Legal Knowledge Representation:Automatic Text Analysis in Public International and European Law

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Author :
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041111484
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Knowledge Representation:Automatic Text Analysis in Public International and European Law by : Erich Schweighofer

Download or read book Legal Knowledge Representation:Automatic Text Analysis in Public International and European Law written by Erich Schweighofer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 1999-10-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a presentation of all methods of legal knowledge representation from the point of view of jurisprudence as well as computer science. A new method of automatic analysis of legal texts is presented in four case studies. Law is seen as an information system with legally formalised information processes. The achieved coverage of legal knowledge in information retrieval systems has to be followed by the next step: conceptual indexing and automatic analysis of texts. Existing approaches of automatic knowledge representations do not have a proper link to the legal language in information systems. The concept-based model for semi-automatic analysis of legal texts provides this necessary connection. The knowledge base of descriptors, context-sensitive rules and meta-rules formalises properly all important passages in the text corpora for automatic analysis. Statistics and self-organising maps give assistance in knowledge acquisition. The result of the analysis is organised with automatically generated hypertext links. Four case studies show the huge potential but also some drawbacks of this approach.

Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402030371
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases by : Andrew Stranieri

Download or read book Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases written by Andrew Stranieri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases is the first text to describe data mining techniques as they apply to law. Law students, legal academics and applied information technology specialists are guided thorough all phases of the knowledge discovery from databases process with clear explanations of numerous data mining algorithms including rule induction, neural networks and association rules. Throughout the text, assumptions that make data mining in law quite different to mining other data are made explicit. Issues such as the selection of commonplace cases, the use of discretion as a form of open texture, transformation using argumentation concepts and evaluation and deployment approaches are discussed at length.

Expert Systems in Case-based Law

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Systems in Case-based Law by : Susan Jane Blackman

Download or read book Expert Systems in Case-based Law written by Susan Jane Blackman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Building rule-based expert systems in case-based law

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 750 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Building rule-based expert systems in case-based law by : Galvin Charles Deedman

Download or read book Building rule-based expert systems in case-based law written by Galvin Charles Deedman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: