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Experimental Techniques For The Study Of Flame Structure
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Book Synopsis Experimental Techniques for the Study of Flame Structure by : Robert M. Fristrom
Download or read book Experimental Techniques for the Study of Flame Structure written by Robert M. Fristrom and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: The experimental study of flame microstructure; Burner systems; Local aero dynamics of flame fronts; The experimental determination of local temperatures in flame fronts; Determination of composition of stable species in flame; Determination of concentration of unstable species in flames; and Distance measurements in flames.
Book Synopsis Flame Structure and Processes by : R. M. Fristrom
Download or read book Flame Structure and Processes written by R. M. Fristrom and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1995 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the numerous experimental techniques used to study flame microstructure, and provides an interdisciplinary overview of how such research is revealing exciting new information about combustion and high temperature processes.
Download or read book Flame Structure written by M. D. Fox and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current concepts of flame propagation in premixed, turbulent gas streams are examined. This leads to the conclusion that the link between theory and experiment is entirely inadequate and incapable of improvement by existing methods. A series of new method is implemented in an attempt to short-circuit the unprofitable chain of hypothesis and experiment which has hampered the identification of dubious steps. Methods of introducing uniform turbulence at relatively slow flows and improvements in light sources allow analysis of the approach flow by photographing particles illuminated by an interrupted Tyndall beam. Three new optical deflection methods are used to give a measure of the randomness of flame-front orientation, of the time-mean structure of the flame and of the instantaneous shape of the corrugated front. It is found that this corrugated surface propagates at a velocity considerably in excess of the normal laminar burning velocity. Quantitative analysis of the frequency of 'peaks' and 'valleys' on the surface, together with comparative data from the apex of laminar flames, suggests an explanation in terms of the effects of curvature and, secondarily, of the influence of small scale turbulence. (Author).
Author :Claude-Michel Brauner Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9789024736560 Total Pages :620 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (365 download)
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling in Combustion and Related Topics by : Claude-Michel Brauner
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling in Combustion and Related Topics written by Claude-Michel Brauner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains invited lectures and contributed papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Mathematical Modeling in Combustion and related topics, held in. Lyon (France), April 27 - 30, 1987. This conference was planned to fit in with the two-month visit of Professor G.S.S. Ludford to the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. He kindly agreed to chair the Scientific and Organizing Committee and actively helped to initiate the meeting. His death in December 1986 is an enormous loss to the scientific community in general, and in particular, to the people involved in the present enterprise. The subject of mathematical modeling in combustion is too large for a single conference, and the selection of topics re flects both areas of recent research activity and areas of in terest to Professor G.S.S. Ludford, to whose memory the Advanced Workshop and this present volume are dedicated. The meeting was divided into seven specialized sessions detonation theory, mathematical analysis, numerical treatment of combustion problems, flame theory, experimental and industrial aspects, complex chemistry, and turbulent combustion. It brought together researchers and engineers from University and Industry (see below the closing remarks of the workshop by Prof. N. Peters). The articles in this volume have been judged and accepted on their scientific quality, and language corrections may have been sacrificed in order to allow quick dissemination of knowledge to prevail.
Book Synopsis Laminar Burning Speed Measurement, Autoignition and Flame Structure Study of Spherically Expanding Flames by : Ali Moghaddas
Download or read book Laminar Burning Speed Measurement, Autoignition and Flame Structure Study of Spherically Expanding Flames written by Ali Moghaddas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laminar burning speed is a thermophysical property of a combustible mixture. It is a measure of the rate of energy released during combustion in quiescent gas mixtures and incorporates the effects of overall reaction rates, energy (heat) of combustion and energy and mass transport rates. There are several experimental techniques to measure laminar burning speed and they can be broadly categorized into two general categories of stationary flames methods and those that are based on propagating flames. Investigation of spherical flame propagation in constant volume vessels is recognized to be one of the most accurate approaches for laminar burning speed measurement and flame structure study. In this thesis flame structure, laminar burning speed and onset of autoignition are studied for different premixed combustible mixtures including n-decane, jet-fuels, and Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in air at high temperatures and pressures over a wide range of fuel-air equivalence ratios. The experimental facilities consist of two spherical and cylindrical vessels. The spherical vessel is used to collect pressure data to measure the burning speed and cylindrical vessel is used to take pictures of flame propagation with a high speed CMOS camera located in a shadowgraph system. A thermodynamic model is employed that assumes unburned gases compress isentropically and that burned gases are in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Burning speed is derived from the time rate change of mass fraction of burned gases. The major advantages of this method are that it circumvents the need for any extrapolation due to having low stretch rates and that many data points can be collected along an isentrope in a single experiment. Flame structures are studied to determine the cell formation conditions. Critical pressures at which the flame becomes cellular are identified and the effects of important parameters on cell formation are studied. Autoignition experiments are carried out for JP-8 fuels with high initial pressures in the spherical chamber. Autoignition occurs at specific temperature and pressure during the compression of unburned gas due to flame propagation.
Book Synopsis U.S. Government Research Reports by :
Download or read book U.S. Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Turbulent Flame Structure by : Matthew Robert Harker
Download or read book Experimental Study of Turbulent Flame Structure written by Matthew Robert Harker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Computational Study on the Propagation and Kinetic Structure of Laminar Premixed Flames by : Fokion Egolfopoulos
Download or read book An Experimental and Computational Study on the Propagation and Kinetic Structure of Laminar Premixed Flames written by Fokion Egolfopoulos and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Diffusion and Flame Structure in a Laminar Hydrogen Jet Diffusion Flames by :
Download or read book Thermal Diffusion and Flame Structure in a Laminar Hydrogen Jet Diffusion Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flame Structure written by R. M. Fristrom and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Large-scale Flames by : E. B. Thompson
Download or read book Study of Large-scale Flames written by E. B. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography on Flame Spectroscopy by :
Download or read book Bibliography on Flame Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Gallery of Combustion and Fire by : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Flame Structure Through Laser Plasma Diagnostics by : Wendong Wu
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Flame Structure Through Laser Plasma Diagnostics written by Wendong Wu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns about air pollution and global climate change are drawing attention to the need for efficiency improvements and emission reductions for combustion processes, which account for more than 85% of energy production in United States. Combustion efficiency and emissions are affected by the mixing and reacting of fuel and oxidizer. Understanding such behavior plays a critical role in flame structure studies and combustion optimization. However, experimentally obtaining mixture fraction, which is a widely used quantity to describe the mixing behavior, has proven to be a challenge, especially for heavier hydrocarbon fuels or fuel rich flames. Moreover, measuring flame temperature simultaneously with mixture fraction adds complexity into the experimental setup. In this dissertation, laser plasma diagnostics techniques were developed to provide a straightforward method to simultaneously obtain composition and temperature measurements. The capability of these novel techniques is applicable to more complex fuels and a broader range of equivalence ratios than has heretofore been possible, and facilitates a better understanding of flame structure.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is proposed as an alternative method of measuring mixture fraction. A back-scattering setup is utilized to mitigate the beam steering effects in non-uniform and unsteady flames. The calibration for the LIBS system was completed in an ethylene-air premixed flame under a broad range of equivalence ratios. The elemental species distributions for H, C, N, O were measured in a counter-flow diffusion flame. The measured mixture fraction compared favorably with the numerical results from OPPDIF flame code. On the basis of LIBS measured elemental species profile, the preferential diffusion effect was analyzed.Utilizing the sound emission from laser-induced plasmas, acoustic-based laser induced breakdown thermometry (LIBT) was developed as a novel method for flame temperature measurement. The established correlation between the optical emission and acoustic emission in a premixed flame demonstrated that the acoustic signal can serve as an internal standard in the gas phase LIBS measurement. The influences of flame temperature and composition on the acoustic signal were investigated independently. The composition effect was found to be second order comparing to the temperature effect. The statistics of the LIBT measurement were also analyzed to better understand the distribution of samples. Furthermore, the temperature and gas density distributions in a counter-flow diffusion flame were measured using LIBT and were found to compare favorably with numerical results. To evaluate the possibility of simultaneous composition and temperature measurement using laser plasma diagnostics, the spatial and temporal resolutions of LIBS and LIBT were carefully examined. The accuracy of LIBT technique was analyzed as a function of sample size from a statistical perspective. The results demonstrated that LIBT has spatial and temporal resolutions comparable to that of LIBS. Finally, a preliminary study using a Burke- Schumann flame and a Hencken burner was performed to understand the influence of turbulent flow.Measuring composition and temperature simultaneously using laser plasma diagnostics provides substantial benefits over traditional measurement technique. However, in exchange for such benefits, information on major species concentrations can no longer be directly measured. To infer the molecular species profile from the elemental species profile, the underlying partial-equilibrium assumption was examined. Among partially-equilibrated reactions, the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is most often assumed to be in equilibrium because of its important role in the high temperature zone. Thus, the equilibrium domain of WGS reaction was systematically studied in different hydrocarbon flames under varying strain rates to evaluate the validity of partial equilibrium assumption. The underlying mechanism for WGS-equilibrium was also examined. The results suggested that even though the WGS reaction has a broad partial-equilibrium domain in syngas, methane, ethylene and propane flames, the mechanisms responsible for partial equilibrium were very different. In hydrocarbon flames, the water-gas-shift reaction can achieve partial equilibrium even though the two elementary reactions behind it are not equilibrated.
