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Experimental And Modeling Studies Of Interactions Of Marine Aerosols And Clouds
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Book Synopsis Experimental and Modeling Studies of Interactions of Marine Aerosols and Clouds by :
Download or read book Experimental and Modeling Studies of Interactions of Marine Aerosols and Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goals of this research were to address the following key questions regarding marine aerosol/ cloud interactions: (1) What factors control the abundance and vertical distribution of aerosol in the marine boundary layer? (2) How do these factors affect the formation and lifetime of marine clouds? These questions have been addressed through a combination of modeling and experimental approaches, as described below. The goal of the modeling component was to produce a model description of aerosol evolution and aerosol / cloud interaction that can be applied to a variety of marine boundary layer scenarios. The specific objective of this component was to develop a model for prediction of the effects of aerosol characteristics on cloud formation and evolution, and, in turn, the effects of cloud processes on the marine aerosol. The models built in this project can be used to study the role of aerosol in cloud modification, including ship tracks and indirect climate effects. The goals of the experimental component were to develop new measurement techniques aimed at elucidating some important aerosol / cloud interactions, and to adapt and use these techniques in field work involving characterization of marine aerosol. A particular objective was the development of techniques for determination of size dependent particle properties with high time resolution.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales by : Yuan Wang
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions by : Peter V. Hobbs
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling Studies of Fundamental Aerosol-cloud Interactions by : Zachary J. Lebo
Download or read book Computational Modeling Studies of Fundamental Aerosol-cloud Interactions written by Zachary J. Lebo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling Studies of Fundamental Aerosol-cloud Interactions by : Zachary J. Lebo
Download or read book Computational Modeling Studies of Fundamental Aerosol-cloud Interactions written by Zachary J. Lebo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Report of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Aerosols and Clouds by : Gabor Vali
Download or read book Report of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Aerosols and Clouds written by Gabor Vali and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contained in this volume are the deliberations of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Clouds and Aerosols, held in Hampton, Virginia, 5-7 February 1991. Eight invited experts from universities, nonprofit institutions, research laboratories, and government agencies in France and the United States of America participated in the Meeting. Some of those who could not participate sent in their comments. The purpose of the Meeting was to bring together experts in measurements and impacts of interactions between clouds and aerosols to assess the current state of the art, and to make recommendations ofr developing a coordinated action plan for future work in these aspects of the International Global Aerosol Program (IGAP).--Preface.
Book Synopsis Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols by : Colin D. O'Dowd
Download or read book Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols written by Colin D. O'Dowd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 1275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere: they form the seeds for cloud droplets and they form haze layers, blocking out incoming radiation and contributing to a partial cooling of our climate. They also contribute to poor air quality and health impacts. A large fraction of aerosols are formed from nucleation processes – that is a phase transition from vapour to liquid or solid particles. Examples are the formation of stable clusters about 1 nm in size from molecular collisions and these in turn can grow into larger (100 nm or more) haze particles via condensation to the formation of ice crystals in mixed phase or cold clouds. This book brings together the leading experts from the nucleation and atmospheric aerosols research communities to present the current state-of-the-art knowledge in these related fields. Topics covered are: Nucleation Experiment & Theory, Binary, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation, Ion & Cluster Properties During Nucleation, Aerosol Characterisation & Properties, Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth, Marine Aerosol Production, Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Chemical Composition & Cloud Drop Activation, Remote Sensing of aerosol & clouds and Air Quality-Climate Interactions
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models by :
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how atmospheric aerosols affect the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere and influence cloud properties. The scientific objectives of this project are to identify the specific manner in which atmospheric aerosols determine cloud properties and to represent these interactions in atmospheric models. The technological objective is to develop state-of-the-art instruments for aircraft sampling of aerosols that advance the long-term goals of the project. The investigators conducted comprehensive aircraft sampling of atmospheric particles and radiative and cloud properties. These samplings were complemented by laboratory investigations and theoretical analysis. The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE-II) was carried out in the eastern Pacific Ocean off Monterey, California, during July 2007 with the CIRPAS Twin Otter. Comprehensive measurements were made of aerosol and cloud properties in areas both perturbed and unperturbed by local emissions. Sixteen flights were made, for a total of 70 flight hours. We have analyzed data from 13 individual clouds, 5 of which have evidence of ship exhaust. Observational data on aerosol-cloud-drizzle relationships in marine stratocumulus were analyzed. The data demonstrate, in accordance with those from other field studies, that increased cloud drop number concentration and decreased cloud-top effective radius are associated with increased subcloud aerosol concentration. Modulation of drizzle by variations in aerosol levels is clearly evident. Simultaneous aircraft and A-Train satellite observations have been used to quantify the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol perturbations in the eastern Pacific region.
Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Book Synopsis Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles by : Peter S. Liss
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Download or read book FEBUKO and MODMEP written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Modeling of Aerosols by : Josip Lovrić
Download or read book Molecular Modeling of Aerosols written by Josip Lovrić and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis numerical methods are used to study the properties, described at the molecular level, of organic aerosols, especially marine aerosols, and their interaction with species in the atmosphere. The organisation of the organic matter in these aerosols plays a key role for their optical, chemical properties, and their ability to act as a cloud condensation nuclei.The first part reviews atmospheric context and the methods (classical molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum/classical approaches) used in this thesis. Then applications to three cases are detailed.Firstly, the organization, more particularly the orientation, of palmitic acid molecules adsorbed on a salt (NaCl) surface as a function of the fatty acid coverage and temperature has been studied using classical molecular dynamics (Gromacs package). The impact of the humidity on the structuration of this organic coating has been described in details, showing the existence of structured fatty acid island-like monolayers on NaCl surface.In a second study, the reactivity of NO2 with these heterogeneous marine aerosols has been investigated by a hybrid quantum/classical method (CP2K package), with taking into account the effect of the humidity.The last study is a classical molecular dynamics of n-butanol crystal, water accommodation at these surfaces and simulation of water jet collision with n-butanol surface. These simulations, complementary to experiments, were performed to better understand the fundamental role of the water-organic matter interaction on the properties of the aerosols and clouds.
Book Synopsis Representing Droplet Size Distribution and Cloud Processes in Aerosol-cloud-climate Interaction Studies by : Wei-Chun Hsieh
Download or read book Representing Droplet Size Distribution and Cloud Processes in Aerosol-cloud-climate Interaction Studies written by Wei-Chun Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The indirect effect of aerosols expresses how changes in aerosols would influence clouds and cause impacts on Earth's climate and hydrological cycle. The current assessment of the interactions between aerosols and clouds is uncertain and parameterizations used to represent cloud processes are not well constrained. This thesis first evaluates a cloud activation parameterization by investigating cloud droplet number concentration closure for stratocumulus clouds sampled during the 2005 MArine Stratus Experiment (MASE). Further analysis of the droplet size distribution characteristics using the extended parameterization is performed by comparing the predicted droplet spectra with the observed ones. The effect of dynamical variability on the droplet size distribution evolution is also investigated by considering a probability density function for updraft velocity. The cumulus and stratocumulus cloud datasets from in-situ field measurements of NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) and Coastal STRatocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment (CSTRIPE) campaigns are used for this task. Using the same datasets, the autoconversion rate is calculated based on direct integration of kinematic collection equation (KCE). Six autoconversion parameterizations are evaluated and the effect of turbulence on magnifying collection process is also considered. Finally, a general circulation model (GCM) is used for studying the effect of different autoconversion parameterizations on indirect forcing estimates. The autoconversion rate given by direct KCE integration is also included by implementing a look-up table for collection kernels. Although these studies add more variability to the current estimate of aerosol indirect forcing, they also provide direction towards a more accurate assessment for climate prediction.
Book Synopsis Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System by : Jost Heintzenberg
Download or read book Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System written by Jost Heintzenberg and published by Strungmann Forum Reports. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half the globe is covered by visible clouds.
Book Synopsis Secondary Marine Aerosol by : Kathryn J. Mayer
Download or read book Secondary Marine Aerosol written by Kathryn J. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol-cloud interactions are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in our understanding of the Earth's climate system. In order to develop better predictive models and understand how the climate will respond to future changes in atmospheric composition, we must determine the sources and nature of aerosols which serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), thus influencing the properties of clouds. Oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and represent a major source of atmospheric aerosols. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is formed by the action of breaking waves, whereas secondary marine aerosols (SMA) are formed from the oxidation products of gases emitted from the oceans. Biological activity in seawater (i.e. the life, death, and interactions of marine phytoplankton, bacteria, and viruses) can significantly affect the chemical composition of SSA through processing of dissolved organic matter and SMA through the emission of volatile gases. This dissertation investigates the cloud-relevant properties of SSA and SMA generated using ocean-atmosphere simulators in the laboratory, with a specific emphasis on the influence of biological activity in seawater on the properties of these aerosols. For the first time, SMA was produced from the oxidation of the headspace gases of a phytoplankton bloom grown in natural seawater, enabling measurements of its chemical composition and CCN activity. Overall, these studies show that the formation and properties of SMA are much more sensitive to biological activity in seawater than SSA. In addition, the chemical composition of SMA is highly dependent on the extent of photochemical oxidation, with a distinct shift from organic-rich to sulfate-rich composition in response to increased atmospheric aging. This change in SMA composition leads to a significant change in its hygroscopicity. These results suggest that the properties of SMA evolve temporally in the atmosphere, which has implications for CCN concentrations and cloud properties over the oceans.
Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.
Book Synopsis The Governance of Solar Geoengineering by : Jesse L. Reynolds
Download or read book The Governance of Solar Geoengineering written by Jesse L. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar geoengineering could reduce climate change, but poses risks. This volume explores how it is, could, and should be governed.
