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Experimental And Computational Study Of Soot Formation Under Diesel Engine Conditions
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Book Synopsis Experimental and Computational Study of Soot Formation Under Diesel Engine Conditions by : Ioannis Kitsopanidis
Download or read book Experimental and Computational Study of Soot Formation Under Diesel Engine Conditions written by Ioannis Kitsopanidis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) Oxygenates totally suppress soot formation at or above 30% oxygen in fuel by mass. Since soot formation is kinetically limited at lower temperatures and soot precursors are not thermodynamically stable at higher temperatures, soot yield exhibits a bell-shape dependence on temperature with a maximum at approximately 1800-2000K. Thus different surface growth mechanisms prevail across the temperature range; the relative contribution of C2H2 over PAH to soot growth increases with temperature. Even though nucleation is mostly governed by PAH coalescence, it was found that the C2H2 route is not negligible under certain conditions. The kinetics of fuel-rich combustion was found to be sensitive to the fuel+HOO reaction. Suggestions are made for better correlation between model and experiments regarding ignition delay and rate of heat release. While performing this study, insight was gained into RCM operation. Assuming uniform and homogeneous environment at the end of compression, was sufficient to model ignition delays under most conditions (2-10 ms), but not rate of heat release and maximum pressure. CFD analysis predicted non-negligible temperature stratification at the end of compression ( -80% of mass within 50K). A multizone model, taking into account zones of constant mass and allowing heat transfer and flow into the crevice, was developed and improved the agreement significantly.
Book Synopsis Computational Study of the Effect of Pressure on Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames by : Andrei F. Kazakov
Download or read book Computational Study of the Effect of Pressure on Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames written by Andrei F. Kazakov and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a computational study of the effect of pressure on soot formation in laminar premixed flames. An existing detailed kinetic model of soot formation validated previously for low-pressure and atmospheric laminar premixed flames is extended to account for the effects associated with elevated-pressure conditions. Detailed analysis of the model predictions is then used to gain a physical understanding of the experimentally observed trends in soot formation caused by elevated pressures.
Book Synopsis HIGH INJECTION PRESSURE IMPINGING DIESEL SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBSEQUENT SOOT FORMATION IN REACTING CONDITIONS by :
Download or read book HIGH INJECTION PRESSURE IMPINGING DIESEL SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBSEQUENT SOOT FORMATION IN REACTING CONDITIONS written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The spray impingement in diesel engines attracts the attention of engine researchers in recent decades as the physical size of the engine is reduced. Due to the spray impingement, the atomization, vaporizing and air-fuel mixing quality is altered compared to a free spray. For emission control, soot is one of the major particulate emissions from diesel combustion and its formation in an impinged spray is worthy to be investigated. Firstly, to understand the impinged spray characteristics, the experiments for both non-vaporizing and reacting conditions were conducted in a constant volume combustion vessel. The impinged spray was captured by a high-speed camera and the instantaneous spray propagation distance and rate were obtained. For a better understanding, the microscopic behavior of the spray propagation, the curvature of the impinged spray was calculated and a relationship between local fuel distribution and soot formation was found. After that, the apparent heat release rate from an impinge spray combustion and the heat flux through the impingement were analyzed. The apparent heat release rate was obtained by the internal chamber pressure and the heat flux was measured by heat flux probes embedded in the impinging plate. Then, the soot formation of an impinged spray was both studied from experiments and simulations. In the experiments, the natural luminosity mainly due to the incandescence of soot particles was captured by the high-speed camera. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was adopted to quantitatively study the soot formation in terms of absolute soot mass and soot mass fractions in the vicinity of the wall. In the last, the film formation under different ambient temperatures, impinging distances, and oxygen concentration was investigated in terms of film area and thickness. The impact of film formation on the soot outcomes was then investigated by comparing the rate of film vaporization and soot formation. To summarize, the main goal of this dissertation is going to benefit the understanding of the impinged spray in reacting diesel-relevant engine conditions. From experiments, a global view of soot formation in an impinged spray was analyzed and the mechanism of soot formation was further revealed by the CFD simulations.
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in GDI/GTDI Engines by :
Download or read book Soot Formation in GDI/GTDI Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semi-detailed soot model was successfully implemented in the KIVA3v2-ERC code, which features a discrete multi-component (DMC) fuel vaporization model. A spark ignition model and the G-equation turbulent flame propagation model were also implemented for modeling direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines. Chemistry parallelization for the soot model was also successfully realized in this work. Chemistry parallelization and a newly developed chemistry solver (SpeedCHEM) further reduced the computational time and enabled the successful application of the final code (KIVA-DMC-detsoot-G-SC) to DISI engines with the consideration of multi-component surrogates for real gasoline fuels and 3-D full cylinder engine grids. The semi-detailed soot model considered: soot inception from a four-ring aromatic (A4), soot surface growth through acetylene (C2H2) and aromatics from single-ring to four-ring species (A1, A2, A3, A4), soot coagulation, and soot oxidation through O2 and OH. A reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chemistry mechanism was coupled with n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene chemistry mechanisms. The combination of the chemistry mechanisms and the soot model was then validated based on experiments in terms of ignition delay, fundamental premixed flames, SANDIA constant volume chamber spray combustion. The pyrolysis process is also a significant process for soot formation at the conditions of DISI engines. Important species for soot formation from toluene pyrolysis processes were also validated based on experiments, and then coupled with the current n-heptane/iso-octane/toluene/PAH chemistry mechanisms for application to DISI engines. The vaporization of wall films plays a significant role in soot formation and a grid-independent wall film vaporization model was formulated for predicting soot emissions near wall films Predicted in-cylinder pressure and particle size distributions (PSDs) were compared to available premixed engine experimental studies. Quantitative agreements of in-cylinder particle distributions are also obtained. The improved models were then applied to studies of soot emissions from early- and late-injection strategies in a four-valve single-cylinder gasoline DISI engine, and the trends were consistent with literature or experimental data.
Book Synopsis Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion by : Charles E. Baukal Jr.
Download or read book Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Book Synopsis Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties by : J. Lahaye
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Book Synopsis Computational Studies of Combustion Systems Pertinent to NOx and Incipent Soot Formation by : Lyudmila Vitalyevna Moskaleva
Download or read book Computational Studies of Combustion Systems Pertinent to NOx and Incipent Soot Formation written by Lyudmila Vitalyevna Moskaleva and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Combustion by : Henning Bockhorn
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Book Synopsis Combustion and In-cylinder Soot Formation Characteristics of a Neat GTL-fueled DI Diesel Engine by : Salih Manasra
Download or read book Combustion and In-cylinder Soot Formation Characteristics of a Neat GTL-fueled DI Diesel Engine written by Salih Manasra and published by . This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is interest in a substitution of conventional diesel fuel by alternative hydrocarbons. For example natural gas can be converted into liquid hydrocarbons using the Fischer-Tropsch process. Resulting Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels may have considerable advantages with respect to their combustion. GTL fuels are appropriate for conventional diesel engines provided their operation is modified. In this context the injection strategy including injection timing and pressure is most important for the combustion process and resulting pollutants. In his experiments, the author has studied injection and combustion of GTL fuels. His investigations were focused on observing, characterizing and comparing soot formation in GTL fueled diesel engines.
Book Synopsis Molecular Weight Growth Pathways in Fuel-rich Combustion by : David Franklin Kronholm
Download or read book Molecular Weight Growth Pathways in Fuel-rich Combustion written by David Franklin Kronholm and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Computational Study of Fuel Injection, Mixing and Combustion in Diesel Engines by : Laura M. Ricart
Download or read book An Experimental and Computational Study of Fuel Injection, Mixing and Combustion in Diesel Engines written by Laura M. Ricart and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Water Introduction Into DI Diesel Engine Combustion by : Peter Eckert
Download or read book Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Water Introduction Into DI Diesel Engine Combustion written by Peter Eckert and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Im vorliegenden Band 3/2008 berichtet Herr Eckert uber die Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen zur Partikel- und Stickoxidminimierung bei Dieselmotoren durch Wassereinbringung. Das primare Ziel ist dabei die innermotorische Reduzierung der thermischen Stickoxidbildung. Es sind unterschiedliche Methoden der wassereinbringung in den dieselmotorischen Verbrennungsprozess moglich; beispielsweise die Einspritzung von Wasser in das Ansaugsystem, eine direkte Einspritzung von Wasser in den Brennraum sowie die Wassereinbringung mit Diesel- Wasser Emulsionen. Diese Massnahmen sind unter anderem bei dieselmotoren, die zumindest teilweise mit Schwerol betrieben werden, besonders interessant, da dort klassische Methoden zur Schadstoffreduktion, wie z.B. Abgasruckfuhrung oder Abgasnachbehandlung, nur mit erheblichem Aufwand eingesetzt werden konnen.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Late-combustion Soot Burnout in a DI Diesel Engine Using Simultaneous Planar Imaging of Soot and OH Radical by :
Download or read book An Investigation of Late-combustion Soot Burnout in a DI Diesel Engine Using Simultaneous Planar Imaging of Soot and OH Radical written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engine design continues to be driven by the need to improve performance while at the same time achieving further reductions in emissions. The development of new designs to accomplish these goals requires an understanding of how the emissions are produced in the engine. Laser-imaging diagnostics are uniquely capable of providing this information, and the understanding of diesel combustion and emissions formation has been advanced considerably in recent years by their application. However, previous studies have generally focused on the early and middle stages of diesel combustion. These previous laser-imaging studies do provide important insight into the soot formation and oxidation processes during the main combustion event. They indicate that prior to the end of injection, soot formation is initiated by fuel-rich premixed combustion (equivalence ratio> 4) near the upstream limit of the luminous portion of the reacting fuel jet. The soot is then oxidized at the diffusion flame around the periphery of the luminous plume. Under typical diesel engine conditions, the diffusion flame does not burn the remaining fuel and soot as rapidly as it is supplied, resulting in an expanding region of rich combustion products and soot. This is evident in natural emission images by the increasing size of the luminous soot cloud prior to the end of injection. Hence, the amount of soot in the combustion chamber typically increases until shortly after the end of fuel injection, at which time the main soot formation period ends and the burnout phase begins. Sampling valve and two-color pyrometry data indicate that the vast majority (more than 90%) of the soot formed is oxidized before combustion ends; however, it is generally thought that a small fraction of this soot from the main combustion zones is not consumed and is the source of tail pipe soot emissions.
Book Synopsis LOW TEMPERATURE SPLIT INJECTION SPRAY COMBUSTION by :
Download or read book LOW TEMPERATURE SPLIT INJECTION SPRAY COMBUSTION written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The aim of the PhD work is to investigate the fundamental differences in combustion behavior when split injections are used in low temperature combustion regime. In this thesis, the first injection is also called as pilot injection and second injection is also called as main injection. The broad aspects which are studied encompassing the investigation is to study the ignition delay, lift-off and soot formation of such a double split spray combustion. The mechanisms of ignition, lift-off and soot production are to be studied since the main ignition and lift-off were found to differ from the pilot which effect net soot production. The planned studies in the present work are divided into 1) experimental and 2) numerical approaches. Experimental approach involves high-speed schlieren and luminosity imaging to visualize the spray/flame progress and qualitative soot formation respectively. This is often coupled in a simultaneous way to the laser-based planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique to visualize ignition behavior in terms of formaldehyde presence and soot precursor visualization of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). As part of CFD simulations, thorough validations of the fuel liquid length, vapor (mixture) presence, temporal and spatial species (formaldehyde, soot) presence, ignition delay, lift-off length, and heat release rate are performed. The main objective of the proposal work would be to perform experimental research with split injection strategies, simulate them using CFD and then understand the underlying mechanisms of important processes of ignition, lift off mechanisms in subsequent injections and the associated soot production mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Numerical Combustion by : Thierry Poinsot
Download or read book Theoretical and Numerical Combustion written by Thierry Poinsot and published by R.T. Edwards, Inc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing numerical techniques for combustion, this textbook describes both laminar and turbulent flames, addresses the problem of flame-wall interaction, and presents a series of theoretical tools used to study the coupling phenomena between combustion and acoustics. The second edition incorporates recent advances in unsteady simulation methods,
Book Synopsis Soot Formation at Atmospheric and Diesel Engine Conditions Using 2D Time-resolved Laser Induced Incandescence by : Lyndon DeLaurey
Download or read book Soot Formation at Atmospheric and Diesel Engine Conditions Using 2D Time-resolved Laser Induced Incandescence written by Lyndon DeLaurey and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A CFD Study of Post Injection Influences on Soot Formation and Oxidation Under Diesel-like Operating Conditions by :
Download or read book A CFD Study of Post Injection Influences on Soot Formation and Oxidation Under Diesel-like Operating Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
