Expander Families And Cayley Graphs

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Expander Families and Cayley Graphs

Author : Mike Krebs
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199767114
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Expander Families and Cayley Graphs by : Mike Krebs

Download or read book Expander Families and Cayley Graphs written by Mike Krebs and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-10-21 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expander families enjoy a wide range of applications in mathematics and computer science, and their study is a fascinating one in its own right. Expander Families and Cayley Graphs: A Beginner's Guide provides an introduction to the mathematical theory underlying these objects. The central notion in the book is that of expansion, which roughly means the quality of a graph as a communications network. Cayley graphs are certain graphs constructed from groups; they play a prominent role in the study of expander families. The isoperimetric constant, the second largest eigenvalue, the diameter, and the Kazhdan constant are four measures of the expansion quality of a Cayley graph. The book carefully develops these concepts, discussing their relationships to one another and to subgroups and quotients as well as their best-case growth rates. Topics include graph spectra (i.e., eigenvalues); a Cheeger-Buser-type inequality for regular graphs; group quotients and graph coverings; subgroups and Schreier generators; the Alon-Boppana theorem on the second largest eigenvalue of a regular graph; Ramanujan graphs; diameter estimates for Cayley graphs; the zig-zag product and its relation to semidirect products of groups; eigenvalues of Cayley graphs; Paley graphs; and Kazhdan constants. The book was written with undergraduate math majors in mind; indeed, several dozen of them field-tested it. The prerequisites are minimal: one course in linear algebra, and one course in group theory. No background in graph theory or representation theory is assumed; the book develops from scatch the required facts from these fields. The authors include not only overviews and quick capsule summaries of key concepts, but also details of potentially confusing lines of reasoning. The book contains ideas for student research projects (for capstone projects, REUs, etc.), exercises (both easy and hard), and extensive notes with references to the literature.

Expander Families and Their Applications

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Expander Families and Their Applications by :

Download or read book Expander Families and Their Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is to provide a brief introduction to the mathematical theory of expander families and their applications. Throughout this paper we mainly deal with graphs with finitely many vertices and edges. The central notion of this thesis is that of expansion roughly meaning the quality of a graph as a communication network where the vertices represent entities and an edge connects two vertices. An ideal communication network is a large graph with large isoperimetric constant, meanwhile the number of the edges are not too large. Cayley graphs are constructed from groups and they play a very important role in expander families. The second largest eigenvalue, the isoperimetric constant, and the diameter are the main measures of the expansion quality of Cayley graphs. The "zig-zag product" provides a straightforward combinatorial method to construct expander families.

An Introduction to Expander Graphs

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782856298985
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (989 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Expander Graphs by :

Download or read book An Introduction to Expander Graphs written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expansion in Finite Simple Groups of Lie Type

Author : Terence Tao
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470421968
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Expansion in Finite Simple Groups of Lie Type by : Terence Tao

Download or read book Expansion in Finite Simple Groups of Lie Type written by Terence Tao and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expander graphs are an important tool in theoretical computer science, geometric group theory, probability, and number theory. Furthermore, the techniques used to rigorously establish the expansion property of a graph draw from such diverse areas of mathematics as representation theory, algebraic geometry, and arithmetic combinatorics. This text focuses on the latter topic in the important case of Cayley graphs on finite groups of Lie type, developing tools such as Kazhdan's property (T), quasirandomness, product estimates, escape from subvarieties, and the Balog-Szemerédi-Gowers lemma. Applications to the affine sieve of Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak are also given. The material is largely self-contained, with additional sections on the general theory of expanders, spectral theory, Lie theory, and the Lang-Weil bound, as well as numerous exercises and other optional material.

Discrete Groups, Expanding Graphs and Invariant Measures

Author : Alex Lubotzky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034603320
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Discrete Groups, Expanding Graphs and Invariant Measures by : Alex Lubotzky

Download or read book Discrete Groups, Expanding Graphs and Invariant Measures written by Alex Lubotzky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last ?fteen years two seemingly unrelated problems, one in computer science and the other in measure theory, were solved by amazingly similar techniques from representation theory and from analytic number theory. One problem is the - plicit construction of expanding graphs («expanders»). These are highly connected sparse graphs whose existence can be easily demonstrated but whose explicit c- struction turns out to be a dif?cult task. Since expanders serve as basic building blocks for various distributed networks, an explicit construction is highly des- able. The other problem is one posed by Ruziewicz about seventy years ago and studied by Banach [Ba]. It asks whether the Lebesgue measure is the only ?nitely additive measure of total measure one, de?ned on the Lebesgue subsets of the n-dimensional sphere and invariant under all rotations. The two problems seem, at ?rst glance, totally unrelated. It is therefore so- what surprising that both problems were solved using similar methods: initially, Kazhdan’s property (T) from representation theory of semi-simple Lie groups was applied in both cases to achieve partial results, and later on, both problems were solved using the (proved) Ramanujan conjecture from the theory of automorphic forms. The fact that representation theory and automorphic forms have anything to do with these problems is a surprise and a hint as well that the two questions are strongly related.

G-graphs and Expander Graphs

Author : Mohamad Badaoui
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis G-graphs and Expander Graphs by : Mohamad Badaoui

Download or read book G-graphs and Expander Graphs written by Mohamad Badaoui and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying algebraic and combinatorics techniques to solve graph problems leads to the birthof algebraic and combinatorial graph theory. This thesis deals mainly with a crossroads questbetween the two theories, that is, the problem of constructing infinite families of expandergraphs.From a combinatorial point of view, expander graphs are sparse graphs that have strongconnectivity properties. Expanders constructions have found extensive applications in bothpure and applied mathematics. Although expanders exist in great abundance, yet their explicitconstructions, which are very desirable for applications, are in general a hard task. Mostconstructions use deep algebraic and combinatorial approaches. Following the huge amountof research published in this direction, mainly through Cayley graphs and the Zig-Zagproduct, we choose to investigate this problem from a new perspective; namely by usingG-graphs theory and spectral hypergraph theory as well as some other techniques. G-graphsare like Cayley graphs defined from groups, but they correspond to an alternative construction.The reason that stands behind our choice is first a notable identifiable link between thesetwo classes of graphs that we prove. This relation is employed significantly to get many newresults. Another reason is the general form of G-graphs, that gives us the intuition that theymust have in many cases such as the relatively high connectivity property.The adopted methodology in this thesis leads to the identification of various approaches forconstructing an infinite family of expander graphs. The effectiveness of our techniques isillustrated by presenting new infinite expander families of Cayley and G-graphs on certaingroups. Also, since expanders stand in no single stem of graph theory, this brings us toinvestigate several closely related threads from a new angle. For instance, we obtain newresults concerning the computation of spectra of certain Cayley and G-graphs, and theconstruction of several new infinite classes of integral and Hamiltonian Cayley graphs.

Graphs and Matrices

Author : Ravindra B. Bapat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447165691
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Graphs and Matrices by : Ravindra B. Bapat

Download or read book Graphs and Matrices written by Ravindra B. Bapat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition illustrates the power of linear algebra in the study of graphs. The emphasis on matrix techniques is greater than in other texts on algebraic graph theory. Important matrices associated with graphs (for example, incidence, adjacency and Laplacian matrices) are treated in detail. Presenting a useful overview of selected topics in algebraic graph theory, early chapters of the text focus on regular graphs, algebraic connectivity, the distance matrix of a tree, and its generalized version for arbitrary graphs, known as the resistance matrix. Coverage of later topics include Laplacian eigenvalues of threshold graphs, the positive definite completion problem and matrix games based on a graph. Such an extensive coverage of the subject area provides a welcome prompt for further exploration. The inclusion of exercises enables practical learning throughout the book. In the new edition, a new chapter is added on the line graph of a tree, while some results in Chapter 6 on Perron-Frobenius theory are reorganized. Whilst this book will be invaluable to students and researchers in graph theory and combinatorial matrix theory, it will also benefit readers in the sciences and engineering.

Expanding Graphs

Author : Joel Friedman
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 9780821870570
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Expanding Graphs by : Joel Friedman

Download or read book Expanding Graphs written by Joel Friedman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the DIMACS Workshop on Expander Graphs, held at Princeton University in May 1992. The subject of expanding graphs involves a number of different fields and gives rise to important connections among them. Many of these fields were represented at the workshop, including theoretical computer science, combinatorics, probability theory, representation theory, number theory, and differential geometry. With twenty-two talks and two open problem sessions, the workshop provided a unique opportunity for cross-fertilization of various areas. This volume will prove useful to mathematicians and computer scientists interested in current results in this area of research.

Introduction to Approximate Groups

Author : Matthew C. H. Tointon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108470734
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Approximate Groups by : Matthew C. H. Tointon

Download or read book Introduction to Approximate Groups written by Matthew C. H. Tointon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive exploration of the main concepts and techniques from the young, exciting field of approximate groups.

Random Walks and Geometry

Author : Vadim Kaimanovich
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110198088
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Random Walks and Geometry by : Vadim Kaimanovich

Download or read book Random Walks and Geometry written by Vadim Kaimanovich and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die jüngsten Entwicklungen zeigen, dass sich Wahrscheinlichkeitsverfahren zu einem sehr wirkungsvollen Werkzeug entwickelt haben, und das auf so unterschiedlichen Gebieten wie statistische Physik, dynamische Systeme, Riemann'sche Geometrie, Gruppentheorie, harmonische Analyse, Graphentheorie und Informatik.

Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs

Author : Giuliana Davidoff
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521824262
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (242 download)

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Book Synopsis Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs by : Giuliana Davidoff

Download or read book Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs written by Giuliana Davidoff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a self-contained study of expander graphs, specifically, their explicit construction. Expander graphs are highly connected but sparse, and while being of interest within combinatorics and graph theory, they can also be applied to computer science and engineering. Only a knowledge of elementary algebra, analysis and combinatorics is required because the authors provide the necessary background from graph theory, number theory, group theory and representation theory. Thus the text can be used as a brief introduction to these subjects and their synthesis in modern mathematics.

Emerging Applications of Number Theory

Author : Dennis A. Hejhal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461215447
Total Pages : 693 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Applications of Number Theory by : Dennis A. Hejhal

Download or read book Emerging Applications of Number Theory written by Dennis A. Hejhal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people tend to view number theory as the very paradigm of pure mathematics. With the advent of computers, however, number theory has been finding an increasing number of applications in practical settings, such as in cryptography, random number generation, coding theory, and even concert hall acoustics. Yet other applications are still emerging - providing number theorists with some major new areas of opportunity. The 1996 IMA summer program on Emerging Applications of Number Theory was aimed at stimulating further work with some of these newest (and most attractive) applications. Concentration was on number theory's recent links with: (a) wave phenomena in quantum mechanics (more specifically, quantum chaos); and (b) graph theory (especially expander graphs and related spectral theory). This volume contains the contributed papers from that meeting and will be of interest to anyone intrigued by novel applications of modern number-theoretical techniques.

Regular Graphs

Author : Zoran Stanić
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110383365
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Regular Graphs by : Zoran Stanić

Download or read book Regular Graphs written by Zoran Stanić and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for mathematicians working with the theory of graph spectra, this (primarily theoretical) book presents relevant results considering the spectral properties of regular graphs. The book begins with a short introduction including necessary terminology and notation. The author then proceeds with basic properties, specific subclasses of regular graphs (like distance-regular graphs, strongly regular graphs, various designs or expanders) and determining particular regular graphs. Each chapter contains detailed proofs, discussions, comparisons, examples, exercises and also indicates possible applications. Finally, the author also includes some conjectures and open problems to promote further research. Contents Spectral properties Particular types of regular graph Determinations of regular graphs Expanders Distance matrix of regular graphs

Bounds for the Eigenvalues of a Matrix

Author : Kenneth R. Garren
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Bounds for the Eigenvalues of a Matrix by : Kenneth R. Garren

Download or read book Bounds for the Eigenvalues of a Matrix written by Kenneth R. Garren and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Probabilistic Method

Author : Noga Alon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119062071
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Method by : Noga Alon

Download or read book The Probabilistic Method written by Noga Alon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the Third Edition “Researchers of any kind of extremal combinatorics or theoretical computer science will welcome the new edition of this book.” - MAA Reviews Maintaining a standard of excellence that establishes The Probabilistic Method as the leading reference on probabilistic methods in combinatorics, the Fourth Edition continues to feature a clear writing style, illustrative examples, and illuminating exercises. The new edition includes numerous updates to reflect the most recent developments and advances in discrete mathematics and the connections to other areas in mathematics, theoretical computer science, and statistical physics. Emphasizing the methodology and techniques that enable problem-solving, The Probabilistic Method, Fourth Edition begins with a description of tools applied to probabilistic arguments, including basic techniques that use expectation and variance as well as the more advanced applications of martingales and correlation inequalities. The authors explore where probabilistic techniques have been applied successfully and also examine topical coverage such as discrepancy and random graphs, circuit complexity, computational geometry, and derandomization of randomized algorithms. Written by two well-known authorities in the field, the Fourth Edition features: Additional exercises throughout with hints and solutions to select problems in an appendix to help readers obtain a deeper understanding of the best methods and techniques New coverage on topics such as the Local Lemma, Six Standard Deviations result in Discrepancy Theory, Property B, and graph limits Updated sections to reflect major developments on the newest topics, discussions of the hypergraph container method, and many new references and improved results The Probabilistic Method, Fourth Edition is an ideal textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level students majoring in mathematics, computer science, operations research, and statistics. The Fourth Edition is also an excellent reference for researchers and combinatorists who use probabilistic methods, discrete mathematics, and number theory. Noga Alon, PhD, is Baumritter Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at Tel Aviv University. He is a member of the Israel National Academy of Sciences and Academia Europaea. A coeditor of the journal Random Structures and Algorithms, Dr. Alon is the recipient of the Polya Prize, The Gödel Prize, The Israel Prize, and the EMET Prize. Joel H. Spencer, PhD, is Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Courant Institute of New York University. He is the cofounder and coeditor of the journal Random Structures and Algorithms and is a Sloane Foundation Fellow. Dr. Spencer has written more than 200 published articles and is the coauthor of Ramsey Theory, Second Edition, also published by Wiley.

Mathematics and Computation

Author : Avi Wigderson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691189137
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics and Computation by : Avi Wigderson

Download or read book Mathematics and Computation written by Avi Wigderson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to computational complexity theory, its connections and interactions with mathematics, and its central role in the natural and social sciences, technology, and philosophy Mathematics and Computation provides a broad, conceptual overview of computational complexity theory—the mathematical study of efficient computation. With important practical applications to computer science and industry, computational complexity theory has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, with strong links to most mathematical areas and to a growing number of scientific endeavors. Avi Wigderson takes a sweeping survey of complexity theory, emphasizing the field’s insights and challenges. He explains the ideas and motivations leading to key models, notions, and results. In particular, he looks at algorithms and complexity, computations and proofs, randomness and interaction, quantum and arithmetic computation, and cryptography and learning, all as parts of a cohesive whole with numerous cross-influences. Wigderson illustrates the immense breadth of the field, its beauty and richness, and its diverse and growing interactions with other areas of mathematics. He ends with a comprehensive look at the theory of computation, its methodology and aspirations, and the unique and fundamental ways in which it has shaped and will further shape science, technology, and society. For further reading, an extensive bibliography is provided for all topics covered. Mathematics and Computation is useful for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, and related fields, as well as researchers and teachers in these fields. Many parts require little background, and serve as an invitation to newcomers seeking an introduction to the theory of computation. Comprehensive coverage of computational complexity theory, and beyond High-level, intuitive exposition, which brings conceptual clarity to this central and dynamic scientific discipline Historical accounts of the evolution and motivations of central concepts and models A broad view of the theory of computation's influence on science, technology, and society Extensive bibliography

Graph Representation Learning

Author : William L. William L. Hamilton
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031015886
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Graph Representation Learning by : William L. William L. Hamilton

Download or read book Graph Representation Learning written by William L. William L. Hamilton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph-structured data is ubiquitous throughout the natural and social sciences, from telecommunication networks to quantum chemistry. Building relational inductive biases into deep learning architectures is crucial for creating systems that can learn, reason, and generalize from this kind of data. Recent years have seen a surge in research on graph representation learning, including techniques for deep graph embeddings, generalizations of convolutional neural networks to graph-structured data, and neural message-passing approaches inspired by belief propagation. These advances in graph representation learning have led to new state-of-the-art results in numerous domains, including chemical synthesis, 3D vision, recommender systems, question answering, and social network analysis. This book provides a synthesis and overview of graph representation learning. It begins with a discussion of the goals of graph representation learning as well as key methodological foundations in graph theory and network analysis. Following this, the book introduces and reviews methods for learning node embeddings, including random-walk-based methods and applications to knowledge graphs. It then provides a technical synthesis and introduction to the highly successful graph neural network (GNN) formalism, which has become a dominant and fast-growing paradigm for deep learning with graph data. The book concludes with a synthesis of recent advancements in deep generative models for graphs—a nascent but quickly growing subset of graph representation learning.