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Executive And Nonverbal Contributions To Pragmatic Language In Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Book Synopsis Executive and Nonverbal Contributions to Pragmatic Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Ashley Brooke de Marchena
Download or read book Executive and Nonverbal Contributions to Pragmatic Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Ashley Brooke de Marchena and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Executive and Nonverbal Contributions to Pragmatic Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Ashley B De Marchena (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Executive and Nonverbal Contributions to Pragmatic Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Ashley B De Marchena (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pragmatic language deficits are universal in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Pragmatic language skills require the integration of multiple communicative and social skills, and as such represent an intersection of two of the three major domains of impairment in ASD: communication and social interaction. Data from typically developing (TD) populations also suggests that pragmatic language is supported by complex skills such as gesture and the executive functions. Here we investigate common ground, a pragmatic language skill in which speakers adjust the contents of their speech based on their listener’s perceived knowledge, in adolescents with ASD and TD. We designed an experimental narrative paradigm in which participants watched brief cartoons and then described the cartoons to a listener who sometimes shared knowledge about the cartoons and sometimes did not. While the TD sample reliably reduced the number of words in their narrations when the listener shared knowledge about the cartoons, consistent with the common ground literature, this common ground effect was not observed in the ASD sample. The tendency to show a common ground effect was not related to general skills such as IQ, receptive vocabulary, or executive function, in either group. The relationship between common ground and gesture use was difficult to interpret due to an order effect. In the ASD sample only, the common ground effect was positively correlated with age, such that participants 15 and over tended to show the effect while younger participants did not. These results suggest that the tendency to use common ground is relatively stable by adolescence in typical populations; however, it is still undergoing a period of development in adolescents with ASD, pointing to the importance of pragmatic language interventions at this sensitive age. Finally, we present data on gesture use in ASD, suggesting that teens with ASD may be more likely to use gestures when they fulfill a self-serving role rather than a communicative role. We discuss these results in the context of the broader literature on gesture and discourse skills in ASD.
Book Synopsis Conversational Discourse and Executive Functions in Boys with Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Boys with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Laura Anne Friedman
Download or read book Conversational Discourse and Executive Functions in Boys with Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Boys with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Laura Anne Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present dissertation included three novel studies that characterized conversational discourse skills in boys with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome and co-morbid ASD (FXS+ASD) and explored the impact of executive functions (EFs) on conversational discourse impairments and strengths within these populations. Study 1 built on prior literature on the conversational discourse profiles of boys with idiopathic ASD and FXS+ASD by comprehensively examining conversational discourse impairments (i.e., echolalia, abrupt topic changes, interruptions, topic perseverations, and utterance perseverations) and strengths (i.e., topic initiations through novel questions, offering of novel information, asking reciprocal questions, acknowledging, and response elaborations). Findings indicated that boys with idiopathic ASD and boys with FXS+ASD had a large overlap in their conversational discourse profiles, but boys with FXS+ASD produced more topic changes and topic perseverations as well as fewer instances of offering new information. Study 2 was the first to examine the effect of verbal EFs (specifically, verbal working memory) on conversational discourse impairments and strengths within boys with idiopathic ASD and FXS+ASD. We found that verbal working memory did not predict conversational discourse impairments or strengths in boys with idiopathic ASD. Verbal working memory also did not predict conversational discourse impairments in boys with FXS+ASD, though it did predict conversational discourse strengths, and more specifically, the rate of offering information. Finally, Study 3 provided a preliminary examination of domain-general nonverbal EFs (i.e., shifting, inhibition, and working memory) and conversational discourse in boys with FXS+ASD. An investigation of individual differences indicated that there was substantial heterogeneity within this sample, though we did find significant associations between nonverbal shifting and reciprocal questions, as well as nonverbal inhibition and acknowledging. These studies contributed to the body of work characterizing the respective pragmatic phenotypes of boys with idiopathic ASD and FXS+ASD. This dissertation also provided a foundation for future examinations of conversational discourse and EFs within these groups in an effort to differentiate their respective cognitive-communication profiles.
Book Synopsis Research in Clinical Pragmatics by : Louise Cummings
Download or read book Research in Clinical Pragmatics written by Louise Cummings and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume to present individual chapters on the full range of developmental and acquired pragmatic disorders in children and adults. In chapters that are accessible to students and researchers as well as clinicians, this volume introduces the reader to the different types of pragmatic disorders found in clinical populations as diverse as autism spectrum disorder, traumatic brain injury and right hemisphere language disorder. The volume also moves beyond these well-established populations to include conditions such as congenital visual impairment and non-Alzheimer dementias, in which there are also pragmatic impairments. Through the use of conversational and linguistic data, the reader can see how pragmatic disorders impact on the communication skills of the clients who have them. The assessment and treatment of pragmatic disorders are examined, and chapters also address recent developments in the neuroanatomical and cognitive bases of these disorders.
Book Synopsis Pragmatic Disorders by : Louise Cummings
Download or read book Pragmatic Disorders written by Louise Cummings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging survey of the state of the art in clinical pragmatics includes an examination of pragmatic disorders in previously neglected populations such as juvenile offenders, children and adults with emotional and behavioural disorders, and adults with non-Alzheimer dementias. This book makes a significant contribution to the discussion of pragmatic disorders by exploring topics which have a fast-rising profile in the field. These topics include disorders in which there are both pragmatic and cognitive components, and studies of the complex impacts of pragmatic disorders such as mental health problems, educational disadvantage and social exclusion. This book also presents a critical evaluation of our current state of knowledge of pragmatic disorders. The author focuses on the lack of integration between theoretical and clinical branches of pragmatics and argues that the work of clinicians is all too often inadequately informed by theoretical frameworks. She attempts to bridge these gaps by pursuing a closer alliance of clinical and theoretical branches of pragmatics. It is claimed that this alliance represents the most promising route for the future development of the field. At once a yardstick measuring progress thus far in clinical pragmatics, and also a roadmap for future research development, this single-author volume defines where we have reached in the field, as well as where we have to go next.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Social Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Justin B. Leaf
Download or read book Handbook of Social Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Justin B. Leaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook identifies the various social deficiencies widely associated with children and youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It discusses possible causes as well as the lifelong effects if these deficiencies are not addressed. The handbook presents current behavioral and curriculum-based methods for assessing social deficits. Chapters examine the various interventions that have been used to improve social skills and behavior, including video modeling, peer-mediated interventions, and script fading. Chapters also assess various interventions using empirically based procedures, evaluate the research of each of these procedures, provide guidelines for treatment planning, and offer clinical recommendations. The handbook concludes with future directions for the development of both social behavior and clinical social skills interventions. Topics featured in the Handbook include: Impairments in social behavior that may result in negative outcomes such as depression, loneliness, and suicide in individuals with ASD. Bullying among youth with ASD. Behavioral skills training to promote social behavior of individuals with ASD. The Early Start Denver Model approach to helping young children with ASD. The implementation of social skills groups for individuals diagnosed with ASD. The Handbook of Social Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorder is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, behavioral therapy, and social work, as well as such interrelated disciplines as child and adolescent psychiatry, rehabilitation medicine/therapy, pediatrics, and special education/educational psychology.
Book Synopsis Body Language and Communication by : Simon Perks
Download or read book Body Language and Communication written by Simon Perks and published by National Autistic Society. This book was released on 2007 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Communication in Autism by : Joanne Arciuli
Download or read book Communication in Autism written by Joanne Arciuli and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication in Autism adopts a multidisciplinary approach to explore one of the most common developmental disorders associated with communication impairment. Perhaps the most fascinating thing about communication in autism is that variation is as extreme as it could possibly be. While some individuals with autism have age-appropriate language, a number have exceptional language skills; others have little or no spoken language. In between these extremes are individuals who experience significant linguistic impairments. These impairments can affect peer relations and literacy skills. The chapters in this volume provide comprehensive coverage of both the theoretical underpinnings and the practical aspects of autistic communication. The result is a volume that showcases the wide range of methodologies being used in this field of research. It is invaluable for scientists, service providers, parents, individuals with autism, and students learning about communication and autism (e.g., in psychology, speech pathology, and education).
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Guide to Autism by : Vinood B. Patel
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Autism written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a complex multifaceted disorder affecting neurodevelopment during the early years of life and, for many, throughout the life span. Inherent features include difficulties or deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and interpersonal behavioral coordination, to name just a few. Autism profoundly impacts the affected individual, the family, and, in many cases, the localized communities. The increased prevalence of childhood autism has resulted in rapid developments in a wide range of disciplines in recent years. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, the cause(s) remain unresolved and no single treatment strategy is employed. To address these issues, Comprehensive Guide to Autism is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of autism. The work brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics, such as the early identification and treatment of children with autism, pertinent social and behavioral studies, recent developments in genetics and immunology, the influence of diet, models of autism, and future treatment prospects. Comprehensive Guide to Autism contains essential readings for behavioral science researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, parents, and caregivers.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders by : Gary Weismer
Download or read book Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders written by Gary Weismer and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders: The Scientific Basis of Clinical Practice is designed for undergraduate students who are taking a first course in the discipline of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD). The textbook presents students with the range of communication impairments in society, the consequences of those impairments for the persons who have them as well as for their family members, and the treatments that are available to lessen or remediate the effects of the disorders. The text is organized into three sections on Language, Speech, and Hearing. Each chapter is concise and written to convey the core information for each topic. The material is presented in a way that maintains the interest of the student through expository clarity and brevity in a course that treats so many different facets of a complex discipline. The textbook also serves the needs of the instructor by organizing the material in a teachable way. Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders emphasizes the scientific basis of the field by presenting specific clinical examples to demonstrate the translation of laboratory science to clinical aspects of speech, language, and hearing disorders. Students will leave the course a good deal more knowledgeable and sensitive about what it means to be communicatively impaired in contemporary society. Key Features: * Consistency of presentation across chapters as well as clearly-stated relationships between information in different chapters * Features beautiful original, full-color illustrations designed to be instructive learning tools * Each chapter begins with an introduction and ends with a summary to present and review key concepts * Modern and up-to-date treatment options written for the needs of the field of communication sciences and disorders * Covers the core essentials of the subject concisely and to the point * Structured to aid the instructor with sections easily assimilated into extant lectures Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
Book Synopsis Treating NVLD in Children by : Jessica Broitman
Download or read book Treating NVLD in Children written by Jessica Broitman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) have needs that can take many forms and may, over time, require consultation and collaboration with professionals from several fields. Given that multiple specialists may be involved in working with children with NVLD – as well as the array of treatment variables – even seasoned practitioners may find themselves in confusing situations. Treating NVLD in Children takes a developmental view of how the problems and needs of young people with nonverbal learning disabilities evolve and offers a concise guide for professionals who are likely to contribute to treatment. Expert practitioners across specialties in psychology, education, and rehabilitative therapy explain their roles in treatment, the decisions they are called on to make, and their interactions with other professionals. Collaborative interventions and teamwork are emphasized, as are transitions to higher learning, employment, and the adult world. Among the book’s key features are: A new four-subtype model of NVLD, with supporting research. A brief guide to assessment, transmitting results, and treatment planning. Chapters detailing the work of psychologists, therapists, coaches, and others in helping children with NVLD. Material specific to improving reading, writing, and mathematics. Overview of issues in emotional competency and independent living. An instructive personal account of growing up with NVLD. Treating NVLD in Children: Professional Collaborations for Positive Outcomes is a key resource for a wide range of professionals working with children, including school and clinical child psychologists; educational psychologists and therapists; pediatricians; social workers and school counselors; speech and language therapists; child and adolescent psychiatrists; and marriage and family therapists.
Book Synopsis Language Profiles of High-functioning Children with Autism and Children with a History of Autism by : Elizabeth A. Kelley
Download or read book Language Profiles of High-functioning Children with Autism and Children with a History of Autism written by Elizabeth A. Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Christopher McDougle
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Christopher McDougle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Primer on Autism Spectrum Disorder provides a quick yet comprehensive overview of clinically-relevant topics related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for the medical or mental health student, trainee, or recent graduate who seeks efficient learning. Chapters are designed to give an overview of a topic area in real time while on a rotation; while studying for professional board examinations in primary care, pediatrics, neurology or psychiatry; or even during preparation for a presentation or discussion scheduled to occur the next day. The sections include Background and Diagnostic Assessment, Etiology, Treatment, and Other Care Delivery Services and Perspectives, with each chapter written by an internationally recognized expert in the field. The chapters on diagnosis and treatment are written from a practical "how to" perspective. Those on etiology are written with the clinician in mind. These clinically-focused chapters include one or more vignettes that present simulated patient cases designed to highlight teaching points related to each chapter's content area. The book ends with a chapter written by family members of individuals with ASD and another written by an adult with ASD that illustrate the human impact these disorders have on day-to-day lives, hopes, and dreams. At the end of each chapter, "Key Points" for summarizing the intended take home messages of each author/authors are listed.
Book Synopsis Pragmatic and Discourse Disorders by : Louise Cummings
Download or read book Pragmatic and Discourse Disorders written by Louise Cummings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions and exercises on the full range of pragmatic and discourse disorders allow readers to develop and test their understanding.
Book Synopsis Pragmatic Language and its relation to Executive Functioning, Adaptive Functioning and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Kellie Ileto
Download or read book Pragmatic Language and its relation to Executive Functioning, Adaptive Functioning and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Kellie Ileto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Hon-Kwan Wong
Download or read book Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Hon-Kwan Wong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Hon-kwan, Wong, 黃漢鈞, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Pragmatic language impairments have been found in children with high-functioning Autism (HFA). Limited studies have investigated the contributing factors. This study compared 23 children with HFA with 28 typically-developing children on pragmatic language measures, with their age, cognitive ability and language ability matched or controlled. Deficit of children with HFA was found in making inferences in comprehension but not in narrative ability, and abilities to make inferences in narrative and about psychological state. Theory of mind was an impairment for children with HFA and correlated with inferences about psychological state. In the measure of executive functioning at visual-perceptual level, better performance was found in children with HFA. This cognitive factor did not correlate with any pragmatic language measure. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5394337 Subjects: Children with autism spectrum disorders - Psychology Pragmatics
Book Synopsis Pragmatic Language Development in Young Children with ASD by : Charlsey Wallace
Download or read book Pragmatic Language Development in Young Children with ASD written by Charlsey Wallace and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the pragmatic impairments that exist in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A measure adapted from Baron-Cohen, Surian, and Van der Lely (1996) called The Gricean Pragmatics test was used to evaluate how severe the pragmatic impairments were in the subjects with ASD, how their performance compared to their neurotypically-developing (NT) counterparts, if there were differences according to which Gricean Maxims were tested, and finally, if there were any underlying factors that contributed to pragmatic ability. The results showed that the children with ASD performed successfully on this task, possibly indicating that the majority of the children in this study had a less severe form of ASD. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between overall Grice scores and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th Edition (PPVT-4) scores and also between overall Grice scores and digit span scores. These findings indicate that language ability and working memory play a role in overall Grice performance; possibly indicating that in general, children with higher IQs will perform better on the task.
