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Examining The Impact Of Housing First Policies And Structural Factors On Rates Of Homelessness In Los Angeles County
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Book Synopsis Examining the Impact of Housing First Policies and Structural Factors on Rates of Homelessness in Los Angeles County by : Allison Anne Gross
Download or read book Examining the Impact of Housing First Policies and Structural Factors on Rates of Homelessness in Los Angeles County written by Allison Anne Gross and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents findings from examining the relationship between housing first policies in Los Angeles County, systemic factors and rates of homelessness. The continued rise of homelessness in the United States largely impacts population most vulnerable to fluctuating economic conditions, including low-income households, communities of color, older adults and those experiencing mental illness and substance use disorders. The literature highlighted the major impact that the lack of affordable housing, income inequality, mental health care policy, inadequate safety net policies, and low socioeconomic status have consistently contributed to high rates of homelessness in both urban and rural regions of the United States. Los Angeles County homelessness rates were studied for the purpose of focusing on a large urban area that historically has had high rates of homelessness, with the sample including the 88 cities in Los Angeles County. This study conducted a regression analysis to examine the impact of housing first policies, economic conditions, and housing market conditions on the rates of homelessness in the county. The findings revealed that rent burden and poverty rate had the strongest relationship with rates of homelessness. In conclusion, the results show the high importance of ameliorating the effects of high poverty rates and wealth inequality in Los Angeles County in reducing rates of homelessness. Recommendations for social work policy and practice are provided.
Book Synopsis Homelessness in Los Angeles County by : Robert B. Flores
Download or read book Homelessness in Los Angeles County written by Robert B. Flores and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout California and major urban centers across the United States, the country is experiencing unprecedented levels of homelessness. In Los Angeles County, specifically, leaders and public agencies alike are scrambling to find solutions to this major source of contention. An unstable housing market in addition to the lack of mental health and substance abuse treatment have been linked to the high increase in rates of homelessness. In the last decade, Los Angeles County has witnessed a sharp increase in homeless rates. According to the Los Angeles County Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA), there are over 66,000 homeless individuals in Los Angeles County (2020). Urban centers like San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego are facing ever challenging obstacles to tackle this complex problem. Some researchers argue that one of the root causes is the lack of affordable housing. Others argue that mental health and substance abuse are the driving force behind the homeless epidemic. This paper seeks to identify both of the major factors contributing to homelessness and also potential solutions. It also seeks to critique current policies that have exacerbated the problem and other policies that have failed. The research study proposed will incorporate a quantitative method in its design. The proposed study can be best described as explanatory research intended to better understand homelessness in Los Angeles County. The study will use a self-reported questionnaire for a non-numerical understanding of the phenomenon. It will incorporate quantitative data to better capture the personal attributes of the homeless. This type of data is generally difficult to capture. Therefore, this study's strength is its ability to gather data that would otherwise be strenuous to capture. In the last several years the state of California and the city and county of Los Angeles have passed new legislation that has directly or indirectly affected homelessness. The proposed study seeks to make a link between failed policies and the increase in homelessness. Homelessness has increased 13% in the last year (LAHSA, 2020). Clearly, legislation like Measure HHH has had little impact on Homelessness. Lastly, the study may point to future directions in public policy development and implementation. By studying the data captured legislators can consider the hurdles the homeless population faces.
Book Synopsis Homelessness Is a Housing Problem by : Gregg Colburn
Download or read book Homelessness Is a Housing Problem written by Gregg Colburn and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baseline -- Evidence -- Individual -- Landscape -- Market -- Typology -- Response.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309477077 Total Pages :227 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Permanent Supportive Housing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Permanent Supportive Housing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.
Book Synopsis Examining Homeless Trajectories and Health Outcomes Among Young Adults in Los Angeles County by : Jessica Richards
Download or read book Examining Homeless Trajectories and Health Outcomes Among Young Adults in Los Angeles County written by Jessica Richards and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homelessness is a pervasive and urgent social problem. Using a life course and socioecological framework, this dissertation examines how shelter status and homeless trajectories shape health outcomes. I present three studies.1) To understand the impact of shelter status on health outcomes, I conducted a systematic review of 42 studies on unsheltered homelessness and health. Unsheltered populations experience higher rates of chronic disease, serious mental illness, and substance abuse compared to sheltered populations. Unsheltered homelessness is strongly associated with chronic homelessness that exacerbates serious mental illness and substance use, which is often co-occurring. Despite having large unmet health needs, unsheltered populations have lower health care utilization and often lack health insurance. 2) To understand the impact of duration and frequency of homelessness on health, I conducted secondary data analysis using the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA) youth survey data from 2018 and 2019 for unsheltered young adults (aged 18-24). Rates of unsheltered homelessness for racial and sexual minority young adults were high relative to Los Angeles County's population. Young adults experiencing long-term homelessness had twice the odds of having a physical health condition, mental health condition, and substance use disorder and of having any health condition. Youth with multiple marginal identities may be especially vulnerable to poor health outcomes. Primary reasons for homelessness among young adults were financial insecurity, household conflict, and not having social support. 3) To explore antecedents and consequences of housing insecurity and homeless among young adults, I conducted 13 qualitative interviews with University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) students. Structural and individual factors influence housing insecurity, which leads to poor health and academic outcomes. Social stigma and shame are barriers to help seeking for students. More research and high-quality data are needed to examine the relationship between homelessness and health and to identify causal mechanisms. Public health practitioners can advance unsheltered health by improving access to shelter and housing and expedite exits out of homelessness by connecting young adults to health and social services. Resolving structural constraints at the community and institutional level may be most effective at reducing young adult homelessness in Los Angeles County.
Book Synopsis Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have always been homeless people in the United States, but their plight has only recently stirred widespread public reaction and concern. Part of this new recognition stems from the problem's prevalence: the number of homeless individuals, while hard to pin down exactly, is rising. In light of this, Congress asked the Institute of Medicine to find out whether existing health care programs were ignoring the homeless or delivering care to them inefficiently. This book is the report prepared by a committee of experts who examined these problems through visits to city slums and impoverished rural areas, and through an analysis of papers written by leading scholars in the field.
Book Synopsis The Housing First Model by : Morgan Sutton
Download or read book The Housing First Model written by Morgan Sutton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current qualitative policy analysis will examine city economics and group control of policy and spacial development at the local levels through inspection of Los Angeles' political evolution toward approving the Housing First (HF) Model. The paradigm shift in homeless policy toward the HF Model was not given proper dialogue before legislators passed funding measures for homeless housing. New York, Seattle and Los Angeles have assumed that simply housing the homeless will solve the crisis. Through better education of the HF Model, legislators can ensure the policies passed are successful and the homeless can be housed. The final recommendations for current and future policy endeavors will argue that the HF Model can be successful when stakeholders and legislators within each community are educated on the benefits of housing the homeless prior to treating needs, voters approve tax-funded permanent and temporary supportive housing, and actual implementation of those options are spread throughout the city.
Download or read book Housing First written by Deborah Padgett and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique portrayal of Housing First as a 'paradigm shift' in homeless services. Since 1992, this approach has spread nationally and internationally, changing systems and reversing the usual continuum of care. The success of Housing First has few parallels in social and human services.
Book Synopsis Measure H and Proposition HHH Policy Analysis by : Latisha Strickland
Download or read book Measure H and Proposition HHH Policy Analysis written by Latisha Strickland and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Graduate project is a policy analysis of Measure H and Proposition HHH. The research question was: To what extent will Measure H and Prop HHH affect homelessness in the city of Los Angeles? The purpose of the study was to determine the impact that Measure H and Prop HHH will have on homelessness in Los Angeles. This analysis examined several aspects of the policies including feasibility, fiscal impact, level of accountability, and reduction in homeless rates. As a result of the study, it was concluded that both policies can help alleviate the housing crisis as long as administrators are mindful of accountability, transparency, communication levels, and community needs. Keywords: Homelessness, Public Policy, Affordable Housing, Measure H, Prop HHH, Supportive Services
Book Synopsis Policy Analysis of the Housing First Model Implemented by the City of Santa Monica, California by : Tina Rogoski
Download or read book Policy Analysis of the Housing First Model Implemented by the City of Santa Monica, California written by Tina Rogoski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This study is a policy analysis of the Housing First model. For over the past 10 years, this model has swept the country as an innovative intervention to end chronic homelessness. Housing First provides immediate access to independent housing as well as support by an intensive case management team offering a multitude of services such as mental health and substance abuse treatment. This analysis incorporates history, policy objectives, federal influences, and relevance to foreign policies. This thesis also addresses the current short- and long-range effects of the Housing First model on the chronically homeless. Findings indicate that this policy is centered in the values of self-determination and harm reduction, and that housing is viewed as a basic right for all human beings. Findings point toward positive results. Implications for social work practice and future research are explored.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Permanent and Supportive Housing Programs and Their Impact on the Population of Those Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles County by : Adriana Nagisa Sekiguchi
Download or read book An Analysis of Permanent and Supportive Housing Programs and Their Impact on the Population of Those Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles County written by Adriana Nagisa Sekiguchi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social problem of homelessness is as complex as it is persistent. Research on the potential causes of homelessness is widely available and varied. The area of research that is severely lacking is the study of public programs created to address the issue and their effectiveness. More specifically, research dedicated to the effectiveness of permanent and supportive housing programs is limited. This study aims to deepen the understanding of public programs that address the multiple causes of homelessness. Permanent and supportive housing programs are the only programs meant to address the multiple symptoms of homelessness that have been established at this time. It is crucial for more research to be dedicated to the effectiveness of permanent and supportive housing programs to address the expanding homelessness crisis facing Los Angeles County. The proposed study seeks to contribute to and expand the research on public programs created to address the multifaceted issue of homelessness.
Book Synopsis Effects of Assessment and Assignment Regimes on Characteristics of Participants in Housing Programs for People Emerging from Homelessness by : Flora Alexandra Brewer
Download or read book Effects of Assessment and Assignment Regimes on Characteristics of Participants in Housing Programs for People Emerging from Homelessness written by Flora Alexandra Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homelessness response systems evolved over the last 20 years into institutional regimes that assess and assign homeless people to a limited set of housing programs based on individual characteristics and experiences of homelessness through Coordinated Entry Systems (CES). CESs have become a central feature of US homelessness systems and are now required of all communities receiving HUD funding through the Continuum of Care (CoC) program, the nation's largest source of funding for homelessness assistance. In theory, housing program assignments are based on criteria reflecting an assessment of participants' degree of vulnerability for incurring greater harm if left homeless and an assumed capacity for developing self sufficiency (i.e., exiting from homelessness and sustaining housing without assistance). Informed by theory explaining the causes of homelessness and a pathways research framework, this project investigates the impact of assessment and assignment (A&A) regimes, i.e., systems used to assess the needs of homeless persons and assign them to housing programs. It uses administrative data from a major metropolitan CoC (HUD region), participant interviews, and staff focus groups to understand whether the system's intended effect on program assignments places the intended people in the right programs. The study investigates the impact and underlying theory of these A&A systems as they evolved from 2011 through 2019, observing regime changes in agency discretion over assignments and automation around assessment scores.While researchers have begun to critically examine the validity of homelessness assessment tools, little attention has been paid in the homelessness literature to examining embedded concepts such as vulnerability and self-sufficiency and their relationship to program prescriptions and designs. More research is needed to understand homelessness entrances and exits at aggregate and individual levels to improve program targeting and increase impact at the population level. Largely missing from scholarly literature on homelessness is research into the impact of current targeting, assessment, and assignment. There also is little consensus in the literature around the causes of homelessness and particularly their relationship to program design and targeting, and most empirical research has found little impact of housing programs in reducing homelessness at the population level. This study contributes to continuing debates over structural versus individual causes of homelessness and their relationship to housing program design, responding to the critique of pathways research as overly focused on personal agency and individual factors. Building on previous scholarship, this study adopts a theoretical framework incorporating structure with other causes of homelessness in a pathways framework while addressing research questions from both aggregate and individual levels of analysis.The study found that A&A systems developed in regimes that could be categorized by the amount of autonomy agencies exercised in accepting clients and the degree to which some automated system made decisions. Findings indicated that regimes of decreased agency discretion and increased automation coincided with changes in participant characteristics in the direction of local system priorities emphasizing greater vulnerability and targeted subgroups while excluding other subgroups (single women, black men) with unique vulnerabilities and barriers to housing. However, despite increased consistency between assignment targets and participant characteristics, selecting populations with more intensive service needs, program models and resources did not change commensurately, thus straining staff capacity, program resources, and revealing gaps in program models. Further, the study found that the timing and sensitivity of assessments understated participant vulnerability while failing to effectively assess capacity for self-sufficiency. Participant characteristics in Rapid Re-Housing (RRH) (a housing program that assumes people homeless due to economic life shocks can become self-sufficient if provided time-limited rental assistance and light supportive services) were not consistent with the program's logic. The study found that RRH participants bifurcated into (1) a group homeless due to significant individual barriers to housing self-sufficiency, not dissimilar from those assigned to Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) programs with long-term rental assistance and intensive supportive services, and (2) a group homeless due to structural factors and weak support systems. The study found that both groups struggled to achieve housing self-sufficiency with time-limited assistance, emphasizing the pervasive socioeconomic impact of low-wage work and careers and unaffordable housing. Program designs with limited and rationed rental assistance, as in RRH, failed to adequately address structural causes of homelessness. Taken in the context of the disproportionate assignment of black households to RRH, this finding is consistent with prior research that RRH program designs are inadequate to address the structural and individual factors in black homelessness, setting up the potential for a revolving door of returns to homelessness. This study also revealed that, alongside evolving A&A systems, housing program participants have increased the severity of their problems, indicating a need to increase and rebalance the funding ratios between limited (RRH) and long-term assistance (PSH). Two prepackaged housing programs (RRH and PSH) are inadequate to address the diversity of needs and capacities of people who become homeless, as well as the ubiquity of lifetimes of low-wage work and unaffordable housing. Finally, program participants and staff identified challenges to the fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness of A&A systems and associated housing program placements. Many program participants experienced lengthy periods of homelessness,particularly prior to their entry into emergency systems, where their homelessness could be documented, and attributed their eventual housing program assignments to luck or their own agency. The author concludes by suggesting policy responses addressing scholarly debates around program targeting and equity, the impact and use of assessment systems to address homelessness, the role of services and rental assistance in program models, and the relationship of homelessness response systems to mainstream welfare systems.
Book Synopsis Homelessness in California by : John M. Quigley
Download or read book Homelessness in California written by John M. Quigley and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays in Housing and Immigration Economics by : Elior David Cohen
Download or read book Essays in Housing and Immigration Economics written by Elior David Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains four essays in housing and immigration economics. The first two chapters are essays on homelessness and homeless housing, and the last two chapters are essays on immigration policy and its impact on the receiving country. In the first chapter I estimate the causal effect of housing assistance for individuals experiencing homelessness on recidivism to homelessness and economic and social outcomes such as crime, employment, and health. Using a random case worker assignment design and a novel dataset constructed by linking administrative records from multiple public agencies in Los Angeles County, I estimate that housing assistance for single adults experiencing homelessness reduces future recidivism to homelessness by 20 percentage points over an 18-month period, compared to a baseline mean of 40 percent. The decline is driven by housing programs that provide long-term housing solutions and by individuals with physical disabilities and/or severe mental illness. Moreover, my findings suggest that housing assistance reduces crime, increases employment, and improves health, while not increasing reliance on social benefits. A simple cost-benefit analysis implies that up to 80 percent of housing costs are offset by these potential benefits in the first 18 months alone. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that well targeted housing assistance for the homeless with a focus on long-term housing solutions can be rehabilitative for a large segment of the homeless population. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of housing sites that serve the homeless population on community-level outcomes such as street homelessness, crime, and property values. I construct a comprehensive data that geocodes the locations of all designated homeless housing sites in Los Angeles County. Using spatial and time variation in homeless housing sites, I estimate the exposure of a community to designated homeless housing sites over time and use changes in this exposure to recover the causal relationship. I find that communities that had an increase in homeless housing in their boundaries and vicinity experience a sizable decline in homeless encampments, overall crime, and homeless-related crimes, and that housing values in these communities had increased. In the third chapter (written with Ran Abramitzky, Philipp Ager, Leah Platt Boustan, and Casper Worm Hansen), we study the implications of an immigration policy in the 1920s, where the United States substantially reduced immigrant entry by imposing country-specific quotas. We compare local labor markets differentially exposed to the quotas due to variation in the national-origin mix of their immigrant population. US-born workers in more exposed areas did not benefit from the immigrant losses and even experienced occupational downgrading. Instead, local economies substituted toward other sources of labor and capital. In urban areas, immigrants were replaced with internal migrants and immigrants from quota-free countries. By contrast, farmers shifted toward capital-intensive agriculture and the immigrant-intensive mining industry contracted, highlighting the unintended consequences of the border closure. Finally, In the fourth chapter I study the impact of skilled immigration on innovation in the receiving country, measured by patenting rates. The setting of the study is the first-half of the 20th century in the US, a period characterized by mass migration from Europe to the US and rapid technological progress. Exploiting national immigration policy changes together with historical settlement patterns of immigrants' across US counties, I estimate the effect of skilled immigration on local patenting rates. I find that counties that received more skilled immigrants had no impact on total patenting rates, but that this null effect masks a positive effect on the growing electrical and chemical fields and a negative effect on the traditional mechanical and textiles fields. Furthermore, I find that most of the effect is due to skilled immigration from Non-English Speaking Countries and from Countries with long patenting traditions. I offer a mechanism by which skilled immigrants act as ``Transmitters of Knowledge," that is, they impact innovation primarily by introducing new knowledge that did not exist in their destination prior to their arrival.
Book Synopsis Market Predictors of Homelessness by : Hiren Nisar
Download or read book Market Predictors of Homelessness written by Hiren Nisar and published by . This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homelessness is an acknowledged problem in many places, though its causes are myriad and may vary based on the characteristics of respective communities. This report investigates heterogeneity in community-level rates of sheltered and unsheltered homelessness, separately and combined, and provides insight into underlying community-level factors associated with homelessness across the United States. This study (1) identifies and describes market variables associated with sheltered and unsheltered homelessness, (2) constructs and evaluates empirical models of community-level homelessness, and (3) analyzes relationships within subgroup populations of local markets. Findings provide insights into predicting homelessness across different community types and market factors to consider as policy interventions are developed. The study finds that housing factors, such as rental costs, crowding, and evictions, are most consistently associated with higher rates of community-level homelessness. This demonstrates that housing market dynamics and the availability of affordable housing are closely tied to homelessness at the Continuum of Care (CoC) level even when controlling for a range of economic, demographic, safety net, and climate factors.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Homelessness written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
