Examining the Impact of Expert Testimony and Judicial Instructions on Juror Decision- Making

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining the Impact of Expert Testimony and Judicial Instructions on Juror Decision- Making by : Shirley Joseph

Download or read book Examining the Impact of Expert Testimony and Judicial Instructions on Juror Decision- Making written by Shirley Joseph and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faulty eyewitness identification has contributed to the majority of exonerations due to wrongful convictions (Yarmey, 2001). Safeguards such as eyewitness testimony and judicial instructions were designed to aid jurors in evaluating this type of evidence (Cutler, Dexter & Penrod, 1989; Greene, 1988; Wells & Olson, 2003). The aim of the present study was to test whether expert eyewitness testimony and judicial instructions improve juror decision-making. Community members and undergraduate students watched a videotape of a rape trial, which varied in the quality of the eyewitness identification as well as the type of safeguard presented. System variables (feedback, lineup instructions, and lineup procedure) were manipulated where participants heard about either good or poor police practices. Additionally, participants were randomly placed in the expert, Henderson instructions or control conditions. Good police practices increased witness ratings in terms of credibility of the eyewitness, detective and defendant. It also increased the odds for a conviction. Henderson instructions did not influence jurors' verdicts.

Jury Psychology: Social Aspects of Trial Processes

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317109953
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Jury Psychology: Social Aspects of Trial Processes by : Daniel A. Krauss

Download or read book Jury Psychology: Social Aspects of Trial Processes written by Daniel A. Krauss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of a two-volume set on the Psychology of the Courtroom, Jury Psychology: Social Aspects of Trial Processes offers a definitive account of the influence of trial procedures on juror decision-making. A wide range of topics are covered including pre-trial publicity and inadmissible evidence, jury selection, jury instruction, and death penalty cases, as well as decision-making in civil trials. In addition, a number of global issues are discussed, including procedural justice issues and theoretical models of juror decision-making. Throughout the volume the authors make recommendations for improving trial procedures where jurors are involved, and they discuss how the problems and potential solutions are relevant to courts around the world.

First Impressions from the Jury Box

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis First Impressions from the Jury Box by : Caroline Richards Titcomb

Download or read book First Impressions from the Jury Box written by Caroline Richards Titcomb and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examined the influence that a juror's first impressions of an expert witness might have on two outcomes: judgments of the witness' credibility, and verdict decisions in a criminal case involving a Not Guilty by Insanity (NGRI) defense. This was the first study to use "thin slice" methodology to manipulate time exposed to expert testimony and assess reliability of witness credibility ratings over time. This study also examined the degree to which these impressions influence the relationship between juror opinions and jury decision-making. A 2 (non-deliberating vs. deliberating jury) X 3 (observing 30 seconds, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes of expert witness testimony) between subjects design was implemented. Participants (N = 188, 30 mock juries) viewed a videotaped presentation of testimony from an actor portraying a forensic mental health professional called on by the defense. Mock juror characteristics, responses to a thought listing measure, and transcriptions from the videotaped jury deliberations were coded for exploratory analysis. Primary results, obtained via Hierarchical Linear Mixed Modeling to account for the random effect of group, were supported by jury-level analysis. Despite support for the accuracy of "thin slice" judgments in the literature, results found that jurors in the 30 second condition judged the expert as significantly less credible in this study. Results did not support the anticipated leniency shift in juries post-deliberation, and instead, yielded a significant two-way interaction on verdict for the 30 second group, such that non-deliberating jurors were more lenient than deliberating jurors. Implications for understanding how impressions of expert witness testimony translate from the juror to the deliberation room are discussed, with particular attention to cases with an increased likelihood of bias against the NGRI defense.

Expert Witnesses

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780887064487
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Witnesses by : Patrick R. Anderson

Download or read book Expert Witnesses written by Patrick R. Anderson and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time a book documents the judicial system's new dependence on social science testimony, especially that rendered by sociologists and criminologists. In Expert Witnesses contributors show that unlike traditional forensics testimony, the intrusion of social science data into judicial decision-making has relatively recent origins. It details the uses and abuses of social science experts, and the ethical and pragmatic concerns raised by their testimony. This timely collection will appeal to a diverse audience, including attorneys, judges, and students of judicial proceedings. Included in this volume are historical examinations of the expert witnessing phenomenon, the legal, social, and ethical debates regarding the appropriate role of such witnesses, and anecdotal descriptions by eminent social science experts. The authors address such pragmatic issues as an attorney's perspective on finding the most appropriate expert or formulating the "best" questions to ask in court, and an expert's perspective on getting aid or terminating a nonworking attorney-expert relationship.

Jury Decision Making

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814725228
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Jury Decision Making by : Dennis J. Devine

Download or read book Jury Decision Making written by Dennis J. Devine and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While jury decision making has received considerable attention from social scientists, there have been few efforts to systematically pull together all the pieces of this research. In Jury Decision Making, Dennis J. Devine examines over 50 years of research on juries and offers a "big picture" overview of the field. The volume summarizes existing theories of jury decision making and identifies what we have learned about jury behavior, including the effects of specific courtroom practices, the nature of the trial, the characteristics of the participants, and the evidence itself. Making use of those foundations, Devine offers a new integrated theory of jury decision making that addresses both individual jurors and juries as a whole and discusses its ramifications for the courts. Providing a unique combination of broad scope, extensive coverage of the empirical research conducted over the last half century, and theory advancement, this accessible and engaging volume offers "one-stop shopping" for scholars, students, legal professionals, and those who simply wish to better understand how well the jury system works.

Judicial Instructions and Expert Testimony Regarding Eyewitness Accuracy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Judicial Instructions and Expert Testimony Regarding Eyewitness Accuracy by : Teddy D. Warner

Download or read book Judicial Instructions and Expert Testimony Regarding Eyewitness Accuracy written by Teddy D. Warner and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Criminal Juries in the 21st Century

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190658134
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Juries in the 21st Century by : Cynthia Najdowski

Download or read book Criminal Juries in the 21st Century written by Cynthia Najdowski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The jury is often hailed as one of the most important symbols of American democracy. Yet much has changed since the Sixth Amendment in 1791 first guaranteed all citizens the right to a jury trial in criminal prosecutions. Experts now have a much more nuanced understanding of the psychological implications of being a juror, and advances in technology and neuroscience make the work of rendering a decision in a criminal trial more complicated than ever before. Criminal Juries in the 21st Century explores the increasingly wide gulf between criminal trial law, procedures, and policy, and what scientific findings have revealed about the human experience of serving as a juror. Readers will contemplate myriad legal issues that arise when jurors decide criminal cases as well as cutting-edge psychological research that can be used to not only understand the performance and experience of the contemporary criminal jury, but also to improve it. Chapter authors grapple with a number of key issues at the intersection of psychology and law, guiding readers to consider everything from the factors that influence the initial selection of the jury to how jurors cope with and reflect on their service after the trial ends. Together the chapters provide a unique view of criminal juries with the goal of increasing awareness of a broad range of current issues in great need of theoretical, empirical, and legal attention. Criminal Juries in the 21st Century will identify how social science research can inform law and policy relevant to improving justice within the jury system, and is an essential resource for those who directly study jury decision making as well as social scientists generally, attorneys, judges, students, and even future jurors.

The Effect of Expert Testimony on Jury Decision Making

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Expert Testimony on Jury Decision Making by : Bianca Klettke

Download or read book The Effect of Expert Testimony on Jury Decision Making written by Bianca Klettke and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1000106217
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts by : Mark Costanzo

Download or read book Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts written by Mark Costanzo and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, the frequency and range of expert testimony by psychologists have increased dramatically. Courts now routinely hear expert testimony from clinical, cognitive, developmental, and social psychologists. Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts provides a comprehensive, research-based analysis of the content, ethics, and impact of expert testimony. This book features leading scholars who have contributed to the scientific foundation for expert testimony and who have also served as expert witnesses. The opening chapter explores issues surrounding the admissibility of expert testimony, and the closing chapter explores the ethics and limits of psychological testimony. Each of the intervening chapters focuses on a different area of expert testimony: forensic identification, police interrogations and false confessions, eyewitness identification, sexual harassment, mitigation in capital cases, the insanity defense, battered women, future dangerousness, and child custody. These chapters describe the typical content of expert testimony in a particular area, evaluate the scientific foundation for testimony, examine how jurors respond to expert testimony, and suggest ways in which legal standards or procedures might be modified in light of psychological research. This groundbreaking book should be on the shelf of every social scientist interested in the legal system and every trial attorney who is likely to retain a psychologist as an expert witness. It can also serve as a text for advanced courses in psychology, legal studies, criminal justice, law, and sociology.

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309142393
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.

Jury Decision Making

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814720196
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Jury Decision Making by : Dennis John Devine

Download or read book Jury Decision Making written by Dennis John Devine and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While jury decision making has received considerable attention from social scientists, there have been few efforts to systematically pull together all the pieces of this research. In Jury Decision Making, Dennis J. Devine examines over 50 years of research on juries and offers a "big picture" overview of the field. The volume summarizes existing theories of jury decision making and identifies what we have learned about jury behavior, including the effects of specific courtroom practices, the nature of the trial, the characteristics of the participants, and the evidence itself. Making use of those foundations, Devine offers a new integrated theory of jury decision making that addresses both individual jurors and juries as a whole and discusses its ramifications for the courts. Providing a unique combination of broad scope, extensive coverage of the empirical research conducted over the last half century, and theory advancement, this accessible and engaging volume offers "one-stop shopping" for scholars, students, legal professionals, and those who simply wish to better understand how well the jury system works.

Brace for Impact

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Brace for Impact by : Auset E. Alexander

Download or read book Brace for Impact written by Auset E. Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of visual evidence in the courtroom has increased exponentially in an effort to portray additional information that cannot otherwise be established via forensic evidence and expert testimony. According to Rule 403 of the Federal Rules of Evidence (1984), visual evidence may be permitted in court if the prejudicial value does not significantly outweigh the probative value. The admissibility of visual evidence however, becomes controversial when combined with victim impact statements (VIS) during the penalty phase of capital trials. Previous research has indicated that jurors are often unable to perceive emotional testimony and subsequently make objective sentencing decisions that are based on reason rather than emotion. Moreover, previous literature has demonstrated that emotionally charged visual evidence can significantly distort jurors' memories of case facts depending on their desire for retribution. Despite these findings, previous literature has not empirically explored the combined effects of emotional testimony and visual evidence on juror memory distortion and sentencing decisions. The present study examined the combined effects of VIS and photographic evidence on juror memory distortion and sentencing decisions. Participants will be randomly assigned to three conditions and instructed to read identical murder trial transcripts and VIS during the penalty phase of a capital case. Participants were exposed to varying levels of emotionally charged photographs and instructed to subsequently sentence the defendant to either life in prison or to death. Participants' memory recall and emotional states were evaluated. Implications are discussed.

Expert Witness Compensation and Juror Decision Making

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124638195
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Witness Compensation and Juror Decision Making by : Kally Jo Nelson

Download or read book Expert Witness Compensation and Juror Decision Making written by Kally Jo Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has shown that expert witnesses who are highly paid for their testimony are perceived as "hired guns" (Cooper & Neuhaus, 2000). The hired gun effect occurs when an expert witness is less effective due to jurors' negative perceptions of the expert witness's compensation. To further understand the nature of this effect, Study 1 examined whether the hired gun effect occurs when a higher-paid expert witness is less effective as a result of subjects' comparison of the higher-paid expert witness's compensation to an opposing, lower-paid expert witness's compensation. Although the hired gun effect occurred even when a comparison between two differing compensations was not present, the hired gun effect became more exaggerated when a comparison was present. In particular, as the discrepancy between the two expert witnesses' compensations increased, subjects' ratings of the higher-paid expert witness were significantly lower than subjects' ratings of the lower-paid expert witness. Because we cannot control the high compensation an expert witness may receive for his work on a case, Study 2 examined whether using different litigation strategies to disclose a highly-paid expert witness's compensation may reduce the negative impact of the hired gun effect. That is, by altering how and when compensation is disclosed, the hired gun effect may be diminished. Some subjects read about the highly-paid expert witness's compensation during direct examination, while others read about the highly-paid expert witness's compensation during cross-examination. The way in which the information was disclosed was also manipulated, such that the highly-paid expert witness refuted or did not refute the high compensation. That is, in answering the opposing attorney's question about compensation in the refutation conditions, the highly-paid expert witness responded, "I am charging the same amount that I would make if I was working in my practice; the compensation I receive in my everyday work is the same fee I charge for being an expert witness." It was hypothesized that disclosing an expert witness's high compensation during direct examination would be the most effective strategy due to previous research on stolen thunder (Williams, Bourgeois, & Croyle, 1993); however, preemptively disclosing the expert witness's high compensation proved to be the worst strategy. The most effective strategy was disclosing an expert witness's high compensation during direct examination and subsequently refuting it when the opposing attorney brings it up during cross-examination. The theoretical and practical implications of these studies are discussed.

Officer Versus Expert

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780355096286
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Officer Versus Expert by : Karlee R. Provenza

Download or read book Officer Versus Expert written by Karlee R. Provenza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about how jurors make decisions regarding police use of force or how they perceive police as trial witnesses. Jurors who embrace authoritarian values tend to be more punitive towards defendants, although their respect for legal authorities may cause them to be more lenient towards police defendants (Narby, Cutler, & Moran, 1993). Furthermore, jurors who perceive police as legitimate authority figures rate police witnesses as more credible (Cole, 2015), which demonstrates that individual attitudes may impact judgments of police defendants. The current study examined mock grand jurors’ individual attitudes of authoritarianism and police legitimacy as predictors of indictment decisions in a police use of force indictment trial. All participants listened to mock eyewitness testimony from a police officer who testified the defendant was justified in shooting the victim. Participants in expert present conditions listened to testimony from a forensic medical examiner who either confirmed or refuted the testimony of the police officer based on gunshot wounds of the victim. Participants rendered indictment decisions, witness credibility judgments, measures of authoritarianism, and perceptions of police legitimacy. Results indicated that indictment decisions varied based on testimony of the expert witness, police witness credibility, authoritarianism, and police legitimacy measures. Specifically, jurors were more likely to indict the defendant of voluntary manslaughter when the expert refuted the officer’s testimony. A two-way interaction of police legitimacy and condition revealed that in the expert refutation condition, participants holding higher perceptions of police legitimacy rated the police witness as more credible. Authoritarianism did not significantly predict police witness credibility or indictment outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed that police witness credibility mediated the direct effect of expert testimony on indictment outcomes. Findings from the current study inform legal scholars on juror perceptions of police as trial witnesses and police as defendants in lethal use of force trials.

Jury Trial Innovations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Jury Trial Innovations by : G. T. Munsterman

Download or read book Jury Trial Innovations written by G. T. Munsterman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expert Testimony

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Publisher : Aspen Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1601568711
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Testimony by : Steven Lubet

Download or read book Expert Testimony written by Steven Lubet and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Order two copies of this book: one for yourself and one for your expert witness. It will give experts the confidence they need to be comfortable in court, and give you the skills necessary to emphasize the credibility of your experts. You can avoid pitfalls such as unintentional signals, inappropriate demeanor and appearance, and awkward body language by using Expert Testimony: A Guide for Expert Witnesses and the Lawyers Who Examine Them as your guide. In this newly revised Fourth Edition, Elizabeth Boals and Steve Lubet provide counsel on the development and presentation of expert testimony in the digital age, including discussion of visual aids and electronic discovery; analyze the Federal Rules of Evidence and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; discuss the ethical rules governing expert retention and testimony; give examples of expert witness examinations and detailed discussion of techniques for coping with lawyer questioning; and provide checklists for quick reference. The collaborative effort of Professors Lubet and Boals has resulted in a new edition worthwhile to both the expert witnesses and the lawyers who examine them.

Repressed Memories

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Repressed Memories by : James D. Griffith

Download or read book Repressed Memories written by James D. Griffith and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: