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Examining The Effect Of Vigor And Elemental Content On Salt Tolerance In Cultivated Sunflower Helianthus Annuus
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Book Synopsis Examining the Effect of Vigor and Elemental Content on Salt Tolerance in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus) by : Victoria Anne Burns
Download or read book Examining the Effect of Vigor and Elemental Content on Salt Tolerance in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus) written by Victoria Anne Burns and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt stress decreases crop yield worldwide. I conducted two experiments using cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to improve understanding of salinity tolerance and the role of vigor and organ elemental concentrations therein. Vigor correlated with lower salt tolerance (greater proportional change in biomass). However, inconsistent genotypic rankings for vigor and tolerance suggest different tolerance mechanisms function at different times and stress intensities. When examining elemental allocation as a mechanism of tolerance, a combined allocation of less Na away from, more P and Zn away from, and an allocation of Fe away from mature leaves correlated with greater tolerance, though the physiological basis of the relationships are currently unknown. While providing direction for future studies, this thesis showed that defining salt tolerance as the proportional change in performance and analyzing elemental allocation between diverse organs can provide greater inference into salt tolerance mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Charcterization of Salt and Drought Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) by : Sevgi Saylak
Download or read book Charcterization of Salt and Drought Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) written by Sevgi Saylak and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consequent to the increasing world population, food sources are needed to be increased to meet the nutritional needs. However, due to natural processes and agricultural activities, the most destructive environmental factors that limit crop production, soil salinity, and drought-exposed areas are growing. As one of the major oilseed crops, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is considered to be moderately tolerant to salt and drought. Although it can grow in arid to semi-arid regions, increasing salinity and drought might adversely affect sunflower production. This study aimed to investigate several sunflower germplasms' morphological responses to salt and drought stresses. For this purpose, greenhouse and field trials were conducted at University of Nebraska-Lincoln facilities during 2020-2021. For the greenhouse salinity experiment, germplasms PI 539899, PI 539900, PI 539901, PI 539902, PI 539903, and PI 599984 were used and exposed to three different salt concentrations (0, 150, and 250 mM). In addition, PI 632338/HA 429 and PI 632339/HA 430 were tested for drought response under three different irrigation levels for drought experiments in both greenhouse and field. For the greenhouse, treatments consisted of full irrigation (2L/pot), limited irrigation of 50% (1L/pot), 25% irrigation (.5L/pot), and while for the field, full irrigation treatment (FIT), limited irrigation treatment (LIT), and rain-fed (RF) treatments were applied. In the greenhouse experiments, while the plant height was observed as the highest under the 150 mM salinity treatment, it was seen in the 50% irrigation treatment for the drought experiment. The salt treatment effect was significant with the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with a downward trend over time, and canopy temperature showed an upward trend for salinity and drought trials. In the field experiment, irrigation treatments were not found significant for over time data, however, the effect of time was significant in all data sets, while the germplasm effect and its interaction on canopy temperature, and NDVI was significant. In the salinity experiment, the treatment effect was found to be significant for dry root and shoot weight, while only the germplasm effect was found statistically significant for dry head weight. Different irrigation treatments for the greenhouse drought experiment were only significant for dry shoot weight and head weight. In the field trial, the highest values for head diameter, head weight, whole seed weight g/head, and hundred seed weight were observed in full-irrigated plants. Post-harvest data for the field experiment, different irrigation applications significantly affected the oil amount, and not the crude protein and fatty acids composition. This study indicated that there are differences in genotypes' response to both drought and salinity that could be used for sunflower improvement.
Book Synopsis Determining Salt Tolerance Among Sunflower Genotypes by : Laura Lee Masor
Download or read book Determining Salt Tolerance Among Sunflower Genotypes written by Laura Lee Masor and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop lands around the world are becoming more salt-affected due to natural processes and agricultural practices. Due to this increase of salinization, acquisition of saline tolerant germplasm for breeding purposes is becoming a priority. Although cultivated sunflower is classified as a moderately salt tolerant crop, highly tolerant germplasm may be of value. The goal of this study was to screen Helianthus spp. in order to determine the salt tolerance of different genotypes. To accomplish this goal, a novel method of rapid screening was developed. Screening for tolerance at initial growth stages was accomplished by germinating seeds in varying concentrations of NaCl solution in petri dishes. Radicle lengths were measured as an indicator of tolerance. This method identified genotypes that are more tolerant than others during germination. Greenhouse trials were also conducted to ascertain morphological measurements during vegetative stages. Two field locations were chosen to screen germplasm for tolerance through physiological maturity; College Station, TX with low salt concentrations and Pecos, TX with high concentrations of salt in the soil and water. Vegetative growth measurements showed a significant genotype by environment interaction. Due to insect infestation in both locations, yields could not be accurately measured and thus compared between sites in 2010. Yields between locations in 2011 showed significant differences and identified germplasm more suited for cropping in salt affected soil. Seed oil content was determined with Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Seed oil content was not significantly different between locations, but was highly significant between genotypes. These screenings identified genotypes that are more salt tolerant than others.
Book Synopsis Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2 by : Vinay Kumar
Download or read book Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2 written by Vinay Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single ‘direct action gene’ per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms were presented in Volume 1. Volume 2 now focuses on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and In Vitro Studies for Salt Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genotypes by : CH. Anuradha
Download or read book Laboratory and In Vitro Studies for Salt Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genotypes written by CH. Anuradha and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Salt Stress in Plants by : Parvaiz Ahmad
Download or read book Salt Stress in Plants written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental conditions and changes, irrespective of source, cause a variety of stresses, one of the most prevalent of which is salt stress. Excess amount of salt in the soil adversely affects plant growth and development, and impairs production. Nearly 20% of the world’s cultivated area and nearly half of the world’s irrigated lands are affected by salinity. Processes such as seed germination, seedling growth and vigour, vegetative growth, flowering and fruit set are adversely affected by high salt concentration, ultimately causing diminished economic yield and also quality of produce. Most plants cannot tolerate salt-stress. High salt concentrations decrease the osmotic potential of soil solution, creating a water stress in plants and severe ion toxicity. The interactions of salts with mineral nutrition may result in nutrient imbalances and deficiencies. The consequence of all these can ultimately lead to plant death as a result of growth arrest and molecular damage. To achieve salt-tolerance, the foremost task is either to prevent or alleviate the damage, or to re-establish homeostatic conditions in the new stressful environment. Barring a few exceptions, the conventional breeding techniques have been unsuccessful in transferring the salt-tolerance trait to the target species. A host of genes encoding different structural and regulatory proteins have been used over the past 5–6 years for the development of a range of abiotic stress-tolerant plants. It has been shown that using regulatory genes is a more effective approach for developing stress-tolerant plants. Thus, understanding the molecular basis will be helpful in developing selection strategies for improving salinity tolerance. This book will shed light on the effect of salt stress on plants development, proteomics, genomics, genetic engineering, and plant adaptations, among other topics. The book will cover around 25 chapters with contributors from all over the world.
Book Synopsis Screening of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genotypes in Vitro for Salt (NaCI) Tolerance by : B. Jyotsna
Download or read book Screening of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genotypes in Vitro for Salt (NaCI) Tolerance written by B. Jyotsna and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies by : B. Venkateswarlu
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Book Synopsis Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production by : Surinder Kumar Gupta
Download or read book Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production written by Surinder Kumar Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production: Opportunities and Constraints presents key insights into accelerating the breeding of sustainable and superior varieties. The book explores the genetic engineering/biotechnology that has played a vital role in transforming economically important traits from distant/wild species to cultivated varieties, enhancing the quality and quantity of oil and seed yield production. Integrated nutrient management, efficient water management, and forecasting models for pests diseases outbreaks and integrated pest and pest management have also added new dimensions in breeding for sustainable production. With the rise in demand, the scientific community has responded positively by directing a greater amount of research towards sustainable production both for edible and industrial uses. Covering the latest information on various major world oil crops including rapeseed mustard, sunflower, groundnut, sesame, oilpalm, cotton, linseed/flax, castor and olive, this book brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced level students. - Describes various methods and systems to achieve sustainable production in all major oilseed crops - Addresses breeding, biology and utilization aspects simultaneously including those species whose information is not available elsewhere - Includes information on modern biotechnological and molecular techniques and production technologies - Relevant for international government, industrial and academic programs in research and development
Book Synopsis Ecophysiology of High Salinity Tolerant Plants by : M. Ajmal Khan
Download or read book Ecophysiology of High Salinity Tolerant Plants written by M. Ajmal Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-16 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The halophytes are highly specialized plants, which have greater tolerance to salt. They can germinate, grow and reproduce successfully in saline areas which would cause the death of regular plants. Most halophytic species are found in salt marsh systems along seashores or around landlocked inland lakes and flat plains with high evaporation. The halophytes play very significant role in the saline areas specially in the coast by overcoming the salinity in different ways, viz. with regulating mechanisms in which excess salts are excreted and with out regulating mechanism, which may include succulents or cumulative types. Besides that they protect coast from erosion and cyclones, provide feeding ground and nursery for fish, shrimps and birds. Halophytes get increasing attention today because of the steady increase of the salinity in irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid regions where the increasing population reaches the limits of freshwater availability. In many countries, halophytes have been successfully grown on saline wasteland to provide animal fodder and have the potential for rehabilitation and even reclamation of these sites. The value of certain salt-tolerant grass species has been recognized by their incorporation in pasture improvement programs in many salt affected regions throughout the world. There have been recent advances in selecting species with high biomass and protein levels in combination with their ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions, including salinity.
Download or read book Hydroponics written by Toshiki Asao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydroponics-A standard methodology for plant biological researches provides useful information on the requirements and techniques needs to be considered in order to grow crops successfully in hydroponics. The main focuses of this book are preparation of hydroponic nutrient solution, use of this technique for studying biological aspects and environmental controls, and production of vegetables and ornamentals hydroponically. The first chapter of this book takes a general description of nutrient solution used for hydroponics followed by an outline of in vitro hydroponic culture system for vegetables. Detailed descriptions on use of hydroponics in the context of scientific research into plants responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses and on the problems associated with the reuse of culture solution and means to overcome it are included. Some chapters provides information on the role of hydroponic technique in studying plant-microbe-environment interaction and in various aspects of plant biological research, and also understanding of root uptake of nutrients and thereof role of hydroponics in environmental clean-up of toxic and polluting agents. The last two chapters outlined the hydroponic production of cactus and fruit tree seedlings. Leading research works from around the world are brought together in this book to produce a valuable source of reference for teachers, researcher, and advanced students of biological science and crop production.
Book Synopsis Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses by : Jacob Levitt
Download or read book Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses written by Jacob Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Molecular Breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops by : Matthew A. Jenks
Download or read book Advances in Molecular Breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops written by Matthew A. Jenks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With near-comprehensive coverage of new advances in crop breeding for drought and salinity stress tolerance, this timely work seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop improvement strategies. This volume is unique because is provides exceptionally wide coverage of current knowledge and expertise being applied in drought and salt tolerance research.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Plant Nutrition by : Allen V. Barker
Download or read book Handbook of Plant Nutrition written by Allen V. Barker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burgeoning demand on the world food supply, coupled with concern over the use of chemical fertilizers, has led to an accelerated interest in the practice of precision agriculture. This practice involves the careful control and monitoring of plant nutrition to maximize the rate of growth and yield of crops, as well as their nutritional value.
Book Synopsis Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance by : Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Download or read book Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants have to manage a series of environmental stresses throughout their entire lifespan. Among these, abiotic stress is the most detrimental; one that is responsible for nearly 50% of crop yield reduction and appears to be a potential threat to global food security in coming decades. Plant growth and development reduces drastically due to adverse effects of abiotic stresses. It has been estimated that crop can exhibit only 30% of their genetic potentiality under abiotic stress condition. So, this is a fundamental need to understand the stress responses to facilitate breeders to develop stress resistant and stress tolerant cultivars along with good management practices to withstand abiotic stresses. Also, a holistic approach to understanding the molecular and biochemical interactions of plants is important to implement the knowledge of resistance mechanisms under abiotic stresses. Agronomic practices like selecting cultivars that is tolerant to wide range of climatic condition, planting date, irrigation scheduling, fertilizer management could be some of the effective short-term adaptive tools to fight against abiotic stresses. In addition, “system biology” and “omics approaches” in recent studies offer a long-term opportunity at the molecular level in dealing with abiotic stresses. The genetic approach, for example, selection and identification of major conditioning genes by linkage mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL), production of mutant genes and transgenic introduction of novel genes, has imparted some tolerant characteristics in crop varieties from their wild ancestors. Recently research has revealed the interactions between micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and plant stress responses exposed to salinity, freezing stress and dehydration. Accordingly transgenic approaches to generate stress-tolerant plant are one of the most interesting researches to date. This book presents the recent development of agronomic and molecular approaches in conferring plant abiotic stress tolerance in an organized way. The present volume will be of great interest among research students and teaching community, and can also be used as reference material by professional researchers.
