Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470689479
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures by : Xiaodong Huang

Download or read book Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures written by Xiaodong Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures treads new ground with a comprehensive study on the techniques and applications of evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) and its later version bi-directional ESO (BESO) methods. Since the ESO method was first introduced by Xie and Steven in 1992 and the publication of their well-known book Evolutionary Structural Optimization in 1997, there have been significant improvements in the techniques as well as important practical applications. The authors present these developments, illustrated by numerous interesting and detailed examples. They clearly demonstrate that the evolutionary structural optimization method is an effective approach capable of solving a wide range of topology optimization problems, including structures with geometrical and material nonlinearities, energy absorbing devices, periodical structures, bridges and buildings. Presents latest developments and applications in this increasingly popular & maturing optimization approach for engineers and architects; Authored by leading researchers in the field who have been working in the area of ESO and BESO developments since their conception; Includes a number of test problems for students as well as a chapter of case studies that includes several recent practical projects in which the authors have been involved; Accompanied by a website housing ESO/BESO computer programs at http://www.wiley.com/go/huang and test examples, as well as a chapter within the book giving a description and step-by-step instruction on how to use the software package BESO2D. Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures will appeal to researchers and graduate students working in structural design and optimization, and will also be of interest to civil and structural engineers, architects and mechanical engineers involved in creating innovative and efficient structures.

Evolutionary Structural Optimization

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447109856
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Structural Optimization by : Y.M. Xie

Download or read book Evolutionary Structural Optimization written by Y.M. Xie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) is a design method based on the simple concept of gradually removing inefficient material from a structure as it is being designed. Through this method, the resulting structure will evolve towards its optimum shape. The latest techniques and results of ESO are presented here, illustrated by numerous clear and detailed examples. Sections cover the fundamental aspects of the method, the application to multiple load cases and multiple support environments, frequency optimization, stiffness and displacement constraints, buckling, jointed frame structures, shape optimization, and stress reduction. This is followed by a section describing Evolve97, a software package which will allow readers to try the ideas of ESO themselves and to solve their optimization problems. This software is provided on a computer diskette which accompanies the book.

Structural Optimization

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401071321
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Optimization by : George I. N. Rozvany

Download or read book Structural Optimization written by George I. N. Rozvany and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Structural Optimization, Melbourne, Australia, February 9-13, 1988

Topology Design Methods for Structural Optimization

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Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0080999891
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Topology Design Methods for Structural Optimization by : Osvaldo M. Querin

Download or read book Topology Design Methods for Structural Optimization written by Osvaldo M. Querin and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topology Design Methods for Structural Optimization provides engineers with a basic set of design tools for the development of 2D and 3D structures subjected to single and multi-load cases and experiencing linear elastic conditions. Written by an expert team who has collaborated over the past decade to develop the methods presented, the book discusses essential theories with clear guidelines on how to use them. Case studies and worked industry examples are included throughout to illustrate practical applications of topology design tools to achieve innovative structural solutions. The text is intended for professionals who are interested in using the tools provided, but does not require in-depth theoretical knowledge. It is ideal for researchers who want to expand the methods presented to new applications, and includes a companion website with related tools to assist in further study. Provides design tools and methods for innovative structural design, focusing on the essential theory Includes case studies and real-life examples to illustrate practical application, challenges, and solutions Features accompanying software on a companion website to allow users to get up and running fast with the methods introduced Includes input from an expert team who has collaborated over the past decade to develop the methods presented

Advances in Structural Engineering—Optimization

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303061848X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Structural Engineering—Optimization by : Sinan Melih Nigdeli

Download or read book Advances in Structural Engineering—Optimization written by Sinan Melih Nigdeli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date source for computation applications of optimization, prediction via artificial intelligence methods, and evaluation of metaheuristic algorithm with different structural applications. As the current interest of researcher, metaheuristic algorithms are a high interest topic area since advance and non-optimized problems via mathematical methods are challenged by the development of advance and modified algorithms. The artificial intelligence (AI) area is also important in predicting optimum results by skipping long iterative optimization processes. The machine learning used in generation of AI models also needs optimum results of metaheuristic-based approaches. This book is a great source to researcher, graduate students, and bachelor students who gain project about structural optimization. Differently from the academic use, the chapter that emphasizes different scopes and methods can take the interest and help engineer working in design and production of structural engineering projects.

Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures

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Author :
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780470746530
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures by : Xiaodong Huang

Download or read book Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures written by Xiaodong Huang and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures treads new ground with a comprehensive study on the techniques and applications of evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) and its later version bi-directional ESO (BESO) methods. Since the ESO method was first introduced by Xie and Steven in 1992 and the publication of their well-known book Evolutionary Structural Optimization in 1997, there have been significant improvements in the techniques as well as important practical applications. The authors present these developments, illustrated by numerous interesting and detailed examples. They clearly demonstrate that the evolutionary structural optimization method is an effective approach capable of solving a wide range of topology optimization problems, including structures with geometrical and material nonlinearities, energy absorbing devices, periodical structures, bridges and buildings. Presents latest developments and applications in this increasingly popular & maturing optimization approach for engineers and architects; Authored by leading researchers in the field who have been working in the area of ESO and BESO developments since their conception; Includes a number of test problems for students as well as a chapter of case studies that includes several recent practical projects in which the authors have been involved; Accompanied by a website housing ESO/BESO computer programs at http://www.wiley.com/go/huang and test examples, as well as a chapter within the book giving a description and step-by-step instruction on how to use the software package BESO2D. Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures will appeal to researchers and graduate students working in structural design and optimization, and will also be of interest to civil and structural engineers, architects and mechanical engineers involved in creating innovative and efficient structures.

An Introduction to Structural Optimization

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402086652
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Structural Optimization by : Peter W. Christensen

Download or read book An Introduction to Structural Optimization written by Peter W. Christensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has grown out of lectures and courses given at Linköping University, Sweden, over a period of 15 years. It gives an introductory treatment of problems and methods of structural optimization. The three basic classes of geometrical - timization problems of mechanical structures, i. e. , size, shape and topology op- mization, are treated. The focus is on concrete numerical solution methods for d- crete and (?nite element) discretized linear elastic structures. The style is explicit and practical: mathematical proofs are provided when arguments can be kept e- mentary but are otherwise only cited, while implementation details are frequently provided. Moreover, since the text has an emphasis on geometrical design problems, where the design is represented by continuously varying—frequently very many— variables, so-called ?rst order methods are central to the treatment. These methods are based on sensitivity analysis, i. e. , on establishing ?rst order derivatives for - jectives and constraints. The classical ?rst order methods that we emphasize are CONLIN and MMA, which are based on explicit, convex and separable appro- mations. It should be remarked that the classical and frequently used so-called op- mality criteria method is also of this kind. It may also be noted in this context that zero order methods such as response surface methods, surrogate models, neural n- works, genetic algorithms, etc. , essentially apply to different types of problems than the ones treated here and should be presented elsewhere.

Optimization Of Structural And Mechanical Systems

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814477222
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization Of Structural And Mechanical Systems by : Jasbir S Arora

Download or read book Optimization Of Structural And Mechanical Systems written by Jasbir S Arora and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational optimization methods have matured over the last few years due to extensive research by applied mathematicians and engineers. These methods have been applied to many practical applications. Several general-purpose optimization programs and programs for specific engineering applications have become available to solve particular optimization problems.Written by leading researchers in the field of optimization, this highly readable book covers state-of-the-art computational algorithms as well as applications of optimization to structural and mechanical systems. Formulations of the problems and numerical solutions are presented, and topics requiring further research are also suggested.

Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662033151
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs by : Zbigniew Michalewicz

Download or read book Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs written by Zbigniew Michalewicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic algorithms are founded upon the principle of evolution, i.e., survival of the fittest. Hence evolution programming techniques, based on genetic algorithms, are applicable to many hard optimization problems, such as optimization of functions with linear and nonlinear constraints, the traveling salesman problem, and problems of scheduling, partitioning, and control. The importance of these techniques is still growing, since evolution programs are parallel in nature, and parallelism is one of the most promising directions in computer science. The book is self-contained and the only prerequisite is basic undergraduate mathematics. This third edition has been substantially revised and extended by three new chapters and by additional appendices containing working material to cover recent developments and a change in the perception of evolutionary computation.

Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering Optimization Applications

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813367733
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering Optimization Applications by : Serdar Carbas

Download or read book Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering Optimization Applications written by Serdar Carbas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book engages in an ongoing topic, such as the implementation of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, with a main concentration on optimization problems in different fields of engineering optimization applications. The chapters of the book provide concise overviews of various nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, defining their profits in obtaining the optimal solutions of tiresome engineering design problems that cannot be efficiently resolved via conventional mathematical-based techniques. Thus, the chapters report on advanced studies on the applications of not only the traditional, but also the contemporary certain nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to specific engineering optimization problems with single and multi-objectives. Harmony search, artificial bee colony, teaching learning-based optimization, electrostatic discharge, grasshopper, backtracking search, and interactive search are just some of the methods exhibited and consulted step by step in application contexts. The book is a perfect guide for graduate students, researchers, academicians, and professionals willing to use metaheuristic algorithms in engineering optimization applications.

Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466616415
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications by : Plevris, Vagelis

Download or read book Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications written by Plevris, Vagelis and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the past few years, there has been extensive research done on structural design in terms of optimization methods or problem formulation. But, much of this attention has been on the linear elastic structural behavior, under static loading condition. Such a focus has left researchers scratching their heads as it has led to vulnerable structural configurations. What researchers have left out of the equation is the element of seismic loading. It is essential for researchers to take this into account in order to develop earthquake resistant real-world structures. Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications focuses on the research around earthquake engineering, in particular, the field of implementation of optimization algorithms in earthquake engineering problems. Topics discussed within this book include, but are not limited to, simulation issues for the accurate prediction of the seismic response of structures, design optimization procedures, soft computing applications, and other important advancements in seismic analysis and design where optimization algorithms can be implemented. Readers will discover that this book provides relevant theoretical frameworks in order to enhance their learning on earthquake engineering as it deals with the latest research findings and their practical implementations, as well as new formulations and solutions.

Bionic Optimization in Structural Design

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662465965
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Bionic Optimization in Structural Design by : Rolf Steinbuch

Download or read book Bionic Optimization in Structural Design written by Rolf Steinbuch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-04 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides suggestions on how to start using bionic optimization methods, including pseudo-code examples of each of the important approaches and outlines of how to improve them. The most efficient methods for accelerating the studies are discussed. These include the selection of size and generations of a study’s parameters, modification of these driving parameters, switching to gradient methods when approaching local maxima, and the use of parallel working hardware. Bionic Optimization means finding the best solution to a problem using methods found in nature. As Evolutionary Strategies and Particle Swarm Optimization seem to be the most important methods for structural optimization, we primarily focus on them. Other methods such as neural nets or ant colonies are more suited to control or process studies, so their basic ideas are outlined in order to motivate readers to start using them. A set of sample applications shows how Bionic Optimization works in practice. From academic studies on simple frames made of rods to earthquake-resistant buildings, readers follow the lessons learned, difficulties encountered and effective strategies for overcoming them. For the problem of tuned mass dampers, which play an important role in dynamic control, changing the goal and restrictions paves the way for Multi-Objective-Optimization. As most structural designers today use commercial software such as FE-Codes or CAE systems with integrated simulation modules, ways of integrating Bionic Optimization into these software packages are outlined and examples of typical systems and typical optimization approaches are presented. The closing section focuses on an overview and outlook on reliable and robust as well as on Multi-Objective-Optimization, including discussions of current and upcoming research topics in the field concerning a unified theory for handling stochastic design processes.

Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Metaheuristics

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000546802
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Metaheuristics by : Kaushik Kumar

Download or read book Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Metaheuristics written by Kaushik Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaheuristic optimization is a higher-level procedure or heuristic designed to find, generate, or select a heuristic (partial search algorithm) that may provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem, especially with incomplete or imperfect information or limited computation capacity. This is usually applied when two or more objectives are to be optimized simultaneously. This book is presented with two major objectives. Firstly, it features chapters by eminent researchers in the field providing the readers about the current status of the subject. Secondly, algorithm-based optimization or advanced optimization techniques, which are applied to mostly non-engineering problems, are applied to engineering problems. This book will also serve as an aid to both research and industry. Usage of these methodologies would enable the improvement in engineering and manufacturing technology and support an organization in this era of low product life cycle. Features: Covers the application of recent and new algorithms Focuses on the development aspects such as including surrogate modeling, parallelization, game theory, and hybridization Presents the advances of engineering applications for both single-objective and multi-objective optimization problems Offers recent developments from a variety of engineering fields Discusses Optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms and Metaheuristics applications in engineering

Meta-heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Optimization

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119386993
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Meta-heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Optimization by : Omid Bozorg-Haddad

Download or read book Meta-heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Optimization written by Omid Bozorg-Haddad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed review of a wide range of meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithms in a systematic manner and how they relate to engineering optimization problems This book introduces the main metaheuristic algorithms and their applications in optimization. It describes 20 leading meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithms and presents discussions and assessments of their performance in solving optimization problems from several fields of engineering. The book features clear and concise principles and presents detailed descriptions of leading methods such as the pattern search (PS) algorithm, the genetic algorithm (GA), the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, the Tabu search (TS) algorithm, the ant colony optimization (ACO), and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Chapter 1 of Meta-heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Optimization provides an overview of optimization and defines it by presenting examples of optimization problems in different engineering domains. Chapter 2 presents an introduction to meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithms and links them to engineering problems. Chapters 3 to 22 are each devoted to a separate algorithm— and they each start with a brief literature review of the development of the algorithm, and its applications to engineering problems. The principles, steps, and execution of the algorithms are described in detail, and a pseudo code of the algorithm is presented, which serves as a guideline for coding the algorithm to solve specific applications. This book: Introduces state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms and their applications to engineering optimization; Fills a gap in the current literature by compiling and explaining the various meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithms in a clear and systematic manner; Provides a step-by-step presentation of each algorithm and guidelines for practical implementation and coding of algorithms; Discusses and assesses the performance of metaheuristic algorithms in multiple problems from many fields of engineering; Relates optimization algorithms to engineering problems employing a unifying approach. Meta-heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Optimization is a reference intended for students, engineers, researchers, and instructors in the fields of industrial engineering, operations research, optimization/mathematics, engineering optimization, and computer science. OMID BOZORG-HADDAD, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering at the University of Tehran, Iran. MOHAMMAD SOLGI, M.Sc., is Teacher Assistant for M.Sc. courses at the University of Tehran, Iran. HUGO A. LOÁICIGA, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Santa Barbara, United States of America.

Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1846281377
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization by : Ajith Abraham

Download or read book Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization written by Ajith Abraham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization is an expanding field of research. This book brings a collection of papers with some of the most recent advances in this field. The topic and content is currently very fashionable and has immense potential for practical applications and includes contributions from leading researchers in the field. Assembled in a compelling and well-organised fashion, Evolutionary Computation Based Multi-Criteria Optimization will prove beneficial for both academic and industrial scientists and engineers engaged in research and development and application of evolutionary algorithm based MCO. Packed with must-find information, this book is the first to comprehensively and clearly address the issue of evolutionary computation based MCO, and is an essential read for any researcher or practitioner of the technique.

Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1849961298
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms by : Xinjie Yu

Download or read book Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms written by Xinjie Yu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary algorithms are becoming increasingly attractive across various disciplines, such as operations research, computer science, industrial engineering, electrical engineering, social science and economics. Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms presents an insightful, comprehensive, and up-to-date treatment of evolutionary algorithms. It covers such hot topics as: • genetic algorithms, • differential evolution, • swarm intelligence, and • artificial immune systems. The reader is introduced to a range of applications, as Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms demonstrates how to model real world problems, how to encode and decode individuals, and how to design effective search operators according to the chromosome structures with examples of constraint optimization, multiobjective optimization, combinatorial optimization, and supervised/unsupervised learning. This emphasis on practical applications will benefit all students, whether they choose to continue their academic career or to enter a particular industry. Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms is intended as a textbook or self-study material for both advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Additional features such as recommended further reading and ideas for research projects combine to form an accessible and interesting pedagogical approach to this widely used discipline.

Computational Optimization, Methods and Algorithms

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642208592
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Optimization, Methods and Algorithms by : Slawomir Koziel

Download or read book Computational Optimization, Methods and Algorithms written by Slawomir Koziel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational optimization is an important paradigm with a wide range of applications. In virtually all branches of engineering and industry, we almost always try to optimize something - whether to minimize the cost and energy consumption, or to maximize profits, outputs, performance and efficiency. In many cases, this search for optimality is challenging, either because of the high computational cost of evaluating objectives and constraints, or because of the nonlinearity, multimodality, discontinuity and uncertainty of the problem functions in the real-world systems. Another complication is that most problems are often NP-hard, that is, the solution time for finding the optimum increases exponentially with the problem size. The development of efficient algorithms and specialized techniques that address these difficulties is of primary importance for contemporary engineering, science and industry. This book consists of 12 self-contained chapters, contributed from worldwide experts who are working in these exciting areas. The book strives to review and discuss the latest developments concerning optimization and modelling with a focus on methods and algorithms for computational optimization. It also covers well-chosen, real-world applications in science, engineering and industry. Main topics include derivative-free optimization, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, surrogate-based methods, maximum simulated likelihood estimation, support vector machines, and metaheuristic algorithms. Application case studies include aerodynamic shape optimization, microwave engineering, black-box optimization, classification, economics, inventory optimization and structural optimization. This graduate level book can serve as an excellent reference for lecturers, researchers and students in computational science, engineering and industry.