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Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of The National Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Of Hiv Pmtct Programme At 6 8 Weeks Post Partum In Swaziland
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Programme at 6-8 Weeks Post-partum in Swaziland by : Sibongile Mndzebele
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Programme at 6-8 Weeks Post-partum in Swaziland written by Sibongile Mndzebele and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Programme at 6-8 Weeks Post-partum in Swaziland by : Sibongile Mndzebele
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Programme at 6-8 Weeks Post-partum in Swaziland written by Sibongile Mndzebele and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme Measured at Six Weeks Postpartum in South Africa, 2010 by : Ameena Goga
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme Measured at Six Weeks Postpartum in South Africa, 2010 written by Ameena Goga and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health by : Joachim P Sturmberg
Download or read book Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health written by Joachim P Sturmberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to health care as a complex adaptive system, a system that feeds back on itself. The first section introduces systems and complexity theory from a science, historical, epistemological, and technical perspective, describing the principles and mathematics. Subsequent sections build on the health applications of systems science theory, from human physiology to medical decision making, population health and health services research. The aim of the book is to introduce and expand on important population health issues from a systems and complexity perspective, highlight current research developments and their implications for health care delivery, consider their ethical implications, and to suggest directions for and potential pitfalls in the future.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Utilisation of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme in Central Province, Kenya by : Catherine Njeri Ngugi
Download or read book Evaluation of Utilisation of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme in Central Province, Kenya written by Catherine Njeri Ngugi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The PMTCT HIV programme has been one of the most successful HIV preventive interventions towards HIV-free future generations. However, even though the programme is virtually effective in developed countries, many developing countries are reporting child HIV infections due to the MTCT. The programme has existed in Kenya for more than a decade, yet in 2011, 12,894children were HIV infected due to MTCT Objective: To evaluate the PMTCT programme, especially the HIV testing from the antenatal period to the postnatal period among expectant parents attending Nyeri Provincial General Hospital in Central Province, Kenya. Design: Retrospective analysis of the hospital registers. Methods: Three hospital registers were analysed for the period from July 2009 to September 2012. The registers were for antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care respectively. Each register documented the utilisation of PMTCT services by the expectant parents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were produced to analyse data from the registers. Results: The PMTCT services utilisation was sub-optimal. Of the 504 expectant mothers who attended the antenatal clinic, 59.9% came once, 80.4% had their first visit in the third trimester (between weeks 28 and 40) and only 6.9% were accompanied by their partners. All the women were HIV tested in their first visit but only 12.1% were rescreened after three months, and only 3.8% had been tested prior to the current pregnancy (p=0.000). No expectant mother was tested for HIV intrapartum or postpartum. The children of the 504 mothers who were HIV tested were those whose parent/s were known to be HIV positive or who had presented to a child welfare clinic with recurring symptoms suggestive of a failing immune system. Conclusion: Public health programs need to strengthen the PMTCT and HIV prevention programmes to ensure that HIV testing preconception and in pregnancy is fully implemented and strengthened, alongside continued education of the public through community programmes and the media. To avert further horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV, there is a need to address urgently the identified missed opportunities in the PMTCT program. These programmatic challenges require health system redesign and strengthening, resource allocation, addressing research gaps and reassessing the current PMTCT policies.
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis Temporal Discounting and the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo by : Jessica K. Londeree
Download or read book Temporal Discounting and the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo written by Jessica K. Londeree and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results: High temporal discounting was associated with incomplete uptake of PMTCT services, and this effect was mitigated by CCT contingent upon retention in care and uptake of PMTCT services. Moreover, temporal discounting was associated with reduced odds of viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum, through this effect was not mitigated by CCT.
Book Synopsis The State of the World's Children 2009 by : UNICEF.
Download or read book The State of the World's Children 2009 written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.
Book Synopsis The Virus, Vitamins and Vegetables by : Kerry Cullinan
Download or read book The Virus, Vitamins and Vegetables written by Kerry Cullinan and published by Jacana Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays by some of South Africa's foremost HIV/AIDS writers, doctors and activists takes us down the rabbit hole of AIDS denialism. It is a lively reconstruction of one of the most bewildering events of post-apartheid South Africa, when the democratic government questioned the link between HIV and AIDS and disputed the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. During this period, thousands of people died unnecessarily as their treatment became the subject of intellectual debate by politicians.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in India by : Mayuri Vijaykumar Panditrao
Download or read book Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in India written by Mayuri Vijaykumar Panditrao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can transmit their infection to their baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding --a process known as mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 3.4 million children under the age of 15 were living with HIV at the end of 2011. In 2011 alone, 330,000 children had newly acquired HIV from their mothers. `Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV' (PMTCT) refers to a series of interventions that help protect babies born to HIV-infected mothers against the virus. In order to be effective, these interventions need to be implemented as a cascade - starting with antenatal care and continuing during postpartum care. The maximum efficacy of the interventions to reduce MTCT differs by setting. In a developed country setting, the risk of MTCT has be reduced to less than two percent, whereas in a developing country setting, like India, the risk of MTCT still remains relatively higher. The elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is now considered a realistic public health goal. Considerable efforts to expand PMTCT programs and guaranteeing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant and postpartum HIV-infected women has raised the possibility of achieving the virtual elimination of MTCT of HIV. In order to achieve the maximum impact of PMTCT and realize the goal of virtually eliminating new HIV infections among children by 2015, high levels of coverage, access, utilization, and adherence to treatment regimens must be attained across India. However, 40 percent of HIV-infected women enrolled in the national PMTCT program in India are estimated to be lost to follow-up (LTF) even before they receive a single dose of Nevirapine (NVP). PRAYAS, a non-government organization (NGO) located in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, runs one of the largest private sector PMTCT programs in India. Between 2002 and 2008, PRAYAS collaborated with 43 hospitals in nine districts across Maharashtra and provided comprehensive antenatal care (ANC) counseling and HIV testing services to 122,005 pregnant women and enrolled 950 HIV-infected women in the PMTCT program. This dissertation uses de-identified data previously collected by PRAYAS for program purposes. The first goal of this dissertation was to contribute to the knowledge on the factors associated with loss to follow-up during the PMTCT cascade in India. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between being LTF and socio-demographic factors, using generalized linear models. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that women with less than a college level education, women from poor families, women who were registered after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and women whose partners were HIV-uninfected or of unknown HIV status were more likely to be LTF before delivery. Similarly, the factors associated with being LTF after delivery were less than college level education, being in a poor family and registration after 20 weeks of pregnancy. PMTCT programs are regarded as an entry point to continued care because they provide an opportunity to link an HIV-infected woman, her partner, and her child (if infected) to long-term treatment and care. However, little is known about the factors associated with utilization of continued care among women who have previously utilized PMTCT services. The second goal of this dissertation was to study the barriers associated with reduced utilization of HIV-related continued care in women who have previously accessed PMTCT services in India. After adjusting for potential confounders, results from the multivariate analysis showed that women with poor HIV-related knowledge, women who were currently married, women whose partners had never utilized HIV-related care and women who could not afford to travel to the HIV-care facility were less likely to utilize HIV-related continued treatment and care. The number of HIV-exposed uninfected (HIV-EU) infants identified in India is likely to increase due to the scale up of programs aimed at realizing the goal of elimination of MTCT by 2015. While some studies from developed and developing countries have reported stunting in HIV-EU children compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected children, others have found no such association. No studies on the effect of HIV-exposure on postnatal growth patterns in HIV-EU children in India have been published to date. The final goal of this dissertation was also to assess the effect of in utero HIV exposure on birth weight and postnatal growth in HIV-uninfected children in India. Birth weight, height and weight of 297 HIV-EU children and 1611 HIV-unexposed uninfected children, in India, were compared. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between in utero HIV exposure and birth weight and in utero HIV exposure and postnatal height and weight, after adjusting for potential confounders. HIV-EU children weighed 123.5 g less (p
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Impact of a Mobile Health System on Adherence to Antenatal and Postnatal Care and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Kenya by :
Download or read book Evaluation of the Impact of a Mobile Health System on Adherence to Antenatal and Postnatal Care and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Kenya written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Guidelines, Prevention of Mother-to-child HIV/AIDS Transmission (PMCT) by : Kenya
Download or read book National Guidelines, Prevention of Mother-to-child HIV/AIDS Transmission (PMCT) written by Kenya and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV by :
Download or read book Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Guidelines, Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV in Nepal by :
Download or read book National Guidelines, Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV in Nepal written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Helping Ourselves written by Ruth Evans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report investigates programmes and sites in developing and transitional countries which were regarded by international authorities as "high coverage sites" i.e. where more than 50% of injecting drug users had been reached by one or more HIV prevention programmes. Each case study includes a description of the development of the programme and features of the services provided, an estimation of programme coverage, factors that led to high coverage, and a discussion of ways to maintain and expand coverage.
Book Synopsis Impact of Counseling on Breastfeeding Practice and Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in Nairobi, Kenya by : Bourke Betz
Download or read book Impact of Counseling on Breastfeeding Practice and Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in Nairobi, Kenya written by Bourke Betz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding is associated with significant reductions in infant mortality rates in developing country settings, and the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months when possible. Where HIV-infected mothers receive anti-retroviral treatment (ART), it is recommended that they also practice EBF. However, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low throughout sub-Saharan Africa, irrespective of maternal HIV status. Counseling interventions have been demonstrated to increase EBF rates in a variety of settings, but few studies have designed and evaluated interventions for HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-positive pregnant women reporting for care at six government health facilities in Nairobi were enrolled into a before-after study. The first cohort of women at each clinic received standard perinatal care and the second group was offered standard care plus three sessions of lactation counseling sessions promoting exclusive breastfeeding for prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT). Subjects were followed until 14 weeks after delivery, and infants were tested for HIV at six weeks postpartum. The proportion of women practicing EBF at fourteen weeks postpartum was compared between control and intervention groups using binomial regression. Other outcomes included 6-week HIV-free survival, 14-week infant survival, and counts of breast pathology from 0 to 14 weeks postpartum. Eight hundred thirty-three women were enrolled into the study between 2009 and 2013. Median age was 27 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 23-31 yeas), and median CD4 count was 403 cells/[mu]L (IQR 287-571). The proportion of women practicing EBF at 14 weeks postpartum was high in both groups (>80%) and there was no significant difference between treatment and control group (p>0.05). No differences were observed between groups for 6-week HIV-free survival, 14-week infant survival, or prevalence of breast pathology. The counseling intervention was not associated with increased EBF. However, the proportion of women practicing EBF, irrespective of study arm, was nearly two times higher than the proportion reported nationally in 2008. High rates of EBF in the study population may be attributable to policy changes and a strong national PMTCT program.
