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Evaluation Of Soil Factors Controlling Phosphorus Concentration In Runoff From Agricultural Soils In The Lake Champlain Basin
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Soil Factors Controlling Phosphorus Concentration in Runoff from Agricultural Soils in the Lake Champlain Basin by : Frederick R. Magdoff
Download or read book Evaluation of Soil Factors Controlling Phosphorus Concentration in Runoff from Agricultural Soils in the Lake Champlain Basin written by Frederick R. Magdoff and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Suitability of Input-output Models for Evaluating the Impact of Phosphorus Loadings to Lake Champlain by : John Van Benschoten
Download or read book Suitability of Input-output Models for Evaluating the Impact of Phosphorus Loadings to Lake Champlain written by John Van Benschoten and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Phosphorus Transport at a Conventionally-farmed Site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95 by : Daniel G. Galeone
Download or read book Factors Affecting Phosphorus Transport at a Conventionally-farmed Site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95 written by Daniel G. Galeone and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin by :
Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Dynamics in Restored Riparian Wetlands on Former Agricultural Land in Vermont by : Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman
Download or read book Phosphorus Dynamics in Restored Riparian Wetlands on Former Agricultural Land in Vermont written by Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetland restoration has numerous potential ecological and societal benefits, one of which is the retention of phosphorus (P) and consequent protection of downstream water bodies from eutrophication. Past studies focused on influents to and effluents from a variety of wetland types have documented net P retention. However, some wetland systems are less effective at P capture and wetland P retention capacity can change over time. Certain wetland types - especially riparian wetlands restored on former agricultural land - remain understudied. In Vermont, most of the over 4000 potential wetland restoration sites in the Lake Champlain Basin are located on current or former agricultural fields, and little information is available to inform estimates of net P retention (i.e., P balances) for such sites. In this dissertation, I examined various factors affecting P balances in riparian wetlands restored on historically farmed soils of Vermont. P balance in a riparian wetland is largely a function of particulate P capture (e.g., deposition of particle-attached P during floods) and soluble reactive P (SRP) loss (e.g., release of SRP from soils). In Chapter 1, I determined the threshold in P saturation ratio (PSR) for riparian soils in Vermont, enabling calculation of a soil P storage capacity (SPSC) metric. I then quantified soil SRP release using intact soil core incubations with simulated floods for sites ranging from active farms to mature wetlands and confirmed that PSR, SPSC, and other soil parameters were strong predictors of SRP loss during inundation. In Chapter 2, I monitored P dynamics in soil, water, and vegetation at three restored riparian wetlands on former agricultural land in the Lake Champlain Basin, focusing on factors that affect P deposition and SRP release. At wetland sampling plots, observed inorganic sediment gain and decreased water column total suspended solids concentrations relative to the river/inflow indicated that wetlands were effectively trapping particles. Accretion of inorganic P (i.e., best estimate for mineral P deposited during floods) ranged from 0.1 to 1 g P m-2 yr-1 depending on site and elevation. Elevated SRP concentrations in wetland water columns relative to the river sources indicated internal SRP release from soils, and high frequency data indicated that factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and primary production likely influence SRP dynamics. In Chapter 3, I developed a wetland P dynamics model that can generate estimates of net P retention from a simple set of soil and hydrologic inputs, considering both P deposition and SRP release. For proof of concept, I simulated the wetlands monitored in Chapter 2 using two years of monitoring data and a set of model scenarios. I found that net total P balance was typically positive (-0.04 to 0.24 g P m-2 yr-1), with average P retention efficiency of ~40%, though there was substantial variability depending on site and scenario. P retention efficiency was especially sensitive to changes in influent P and total suspended solids concentrations, with the greatest net P retention predicted for systems receiving influent floodwater with high P concentrations. Reduction of influent SRP concentrations promoted SRP release from soils, suggesting that legacy soil P in the wetlands might cause a time lag between the adoption of upstream best management practices and reduction in downstream SRP concentrations. In the future, the model developed in Chapter 3 can be applied more broadly to investigate the potential P retention benefits of wetland restoration at candidate sites across Vermont. Together, the information put forth by this dissertation provides a suite of data and tools that researchers and managers can use to enhance the P retention benefits of riparian wetland restoration.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: The influence of tillage on phosphorus losses from manured cropland by :
Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: The influence of tillage on phosphorus losses from manured cropland written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality by : David W. Litke
Download or read book Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality written by David W. Litke and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: Delivery of phosphorus to Lake Ontario from cultivated mucklands in Oak Orchard Creek Watershed by :
Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: Delivery of phosphorus to Lake Ontario from cultivated mucklands in Oak Orchard Creek Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: Fertilizer trials on organic soils in the Lake Ontario drainage basin by :
Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control of Phosphorus in the New York State Lake Ontario Basin: Fertilizer trials on organic soils in the Lake Ontario drainage basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding and Mitigating Phosphorus Losses in the Vermont Lake Champlain Basin at the Watershed and Field Scale in a Changing Climate by : George Harrison Myers
Download or read book Understanding and Mitigating Phosphorus Losses in the Vermont Lake Champlain Basin at the Watershed and Field Scale in a Changing Climate written by George Harrison Myers and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alteration of global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles to support livestock and crop production is the most significant driver of global nutrient surpluses. Losses of excess nutrients to the environment contribute to eutrophication of aquatic systems, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs), hypoxia, and fish kills. Livestock and dairy production are directly linked to the acceleration of eutrophication via nutrient losses from animal manure. Lake Champlain has been experiencing HABs since the 1970s, and a total maximum daily load (TMDL) is in place to reduce P loading to the lake, with much of the reduction in P load being required to come from the agricultural sector. It is critical to understand nutrient movement and the impact of a changing regional climate in manure-based agricultural watersheds, as dairy farming is the primary agricultural sector in Vermont. Additionally, studying agricultural management practices to mitigate P losses is imperative to meet the target P load reductions set forth by the TMDL. The first portion of this thesis analyzes seasonal differences in nutrient movement in two manure-based agricultural watersheds in the Vermont Lake Champlain Basin (VT LCB) with varying extent of agricultural land use. The results show that the spring and summer had the smallest seasonal loads of total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) in runoff. The smaller summer P loads appear to be related to periods of drought, while the smaller P loads in the spring are likely related to less manure P built up in the watershed that could be transported to surface waters. Approximately 40% of the cumulative TP load and 43% of the cumulative DP load was discharged from the watersheds in the fall. The increased fall TP and DP loads were likely due to the application of manure across the watersheds during this period. The data suggest that soil erosion is relatively less dominant as a driver of watershed P discharge during times when manure was available for transport post-application (e.g., fall and summer), and more closely linked to watershed P loss during times when less new manure was available (e.g., spring). The results suggest better management of manure application rates and timing as well as increased implementation of agricultural management practices are needed to address increased P transport throughout the year, and especially during the fall. The second portion of this thesis assesses the efficacy of edge-of-field (EOF) iron-based filters for P removal. In-field agricultural management practices such as no-till management and cover cropping target reductions in TP, but do not effectively address DP. EOF filters are a promising management practice for reducing DP losses. Storm runoff at the inlet and outlet of one subsurface and two surface EOF filters was monitored for 10 months. The subsurface filter proved very effective for soluble reactive P (SRP) and TP removal, removing 99% of cumulative SRP load and 91% of TP load from monitored events. The surface filters had varied results, with the east surface filter removing 19% of SRP load and 72% of TP load, and the west surface filter removing 52% of SRP load and having no effect on TP load. The findings highlight the importance of filter sizing and design to minimize the impact of sediment loading and preferential flow pathways on surface EOF filter performance. The study provides early evidence that tile drain filters are a highly effective management strategy for mitigating SRP and TP losses from agricultural fields.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Loss from Soil to Water by : H. Tunney
Download or read book Phosphorus Loss from Soil to Water written by H. Tunney and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1997 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication, caused by phosphorus enrichment, is not a new environmental problem. The persistence of eutrophication in an era when many point-source phosphorus inputs have been curtailed has turned the focus of attention to agricultural phosphorus. A workshop was held in Ireland in 1995 to discuss factors controlling phosphorus losses to water from agriculture. This book presents the proceedings of the workshop and consists of 18 chapters by the invited speakers and three chapters with the 45 poster papers displayed at the workshop.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Phosphorus Runoff from Agricultural Soils by : Ines Cecilia Daverede
Download or read book Factors Affecting Phosphorus Runoff from Agricultural Soils written by Ines Cecilia Daverede and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication by :
Download or read book Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The trophic status and phosphorus loadings of Lake Champlain by : E B. Henson
Download or read book The trophic status and phosphorus loadings of Lake Champlain written by E B. Henson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Links Between Geomorphic Condition, Water Quality, and Phosphorus Loading in Hungerford Brook, Vermont by : Dani Newcomb
Download or read book Links Between Geomorphic Condition, Water Quality, and Phosphorus Loading in Hungerford Brook, Vermont written by Dani Newcomb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonpoint source pollution by phosphorus and sediment is a wide-spread problem across the United States and specifically in Vermont and the Lake Champlain Basin. Best management of nonpoint source loading will likely involve a combination of land use and stream channel modifications, but few studies have comprehensively examined the relative importance of land use, streambank instability, and soil phosphorus. Thus, it is important to understand the associations between these characteristics, as well as their overall, relationship to watershed nutrient loading dynamics. The main objectives of this study were (1) to examine the impacts of land use at the watershed and near-stream scales on total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), (2) to explore the links between geomorphic condition and phosphorus and sediment concentrations and loads throughout the watershed and at different spatial scales, and (3) to investigate the importance of soil phosphorus concentrations in stream banks in contributing to the overall phosphorus load. TP, SRP, and TSS samples were collected from eight sites located at tributary junctures and one site at the mouth of Hungerford Brook, a 50 km2 watershed in the Lake Champlain Basin, under storm and baseflow conditions. Rapid geomorphic assessment (RGA) scores, land use, and soil phosphorus concentrations were collected for reaches upstream of sampling locations. Both nested and unnested design multivariate modeling was used to evaluate the importance of characteristics in the individual subwatersheds (unnested) or the entire upstream watershed (nested). SRP, TP, and TSS were predicted as both concentrations and instantaneous loads, using raw quantifications of subwatershed characteristics as well as these same characteristics standardized by the area of agriculture in the subwatershed. Correlation coefficients and principal components analysis were used to select variables that were used in Akaike information criterion (AIC) model selection and stepwise regression. Unnested variables used were agriculture, agriculture in a streamside buffer, proportion of corn, slope, channel degradation, and soil phosphorus. For the nested design, agriculture, agriculture in the buffer, channel aggradation, RGA score, and soil phosphorus concentrations were used. Best fit models were selected based on AICc scores and overall model R2. n ANOVA was also performed on the percent difference between storm flow concentrations and average baseflow concentrations. Results indicate that phosphorus and sediment transport occurs mainly during storm events and concentrations greatly exceed state water quality standards. Concentrations of SRP and TP were significantly lower at the mouth of Hungerford Brook than in upstream subwatersheds, indicating that deposition and storage are occurring in this downstream part of the watershed. SRP concentrations appear to be best explained by agriculture in the riparian buffer, while TP and TSS are influenced by agricultural land use at multiple spatial scales. Agricultural land use was associated with increased stream instability. These findings suggest that additional phosphorus and sediment management, targeted at increasing stream stability and reducing impacts from agriculture, are needed in order to reduce the overall load traveling to Lake Champlain.
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Book Synopsis Reducing Phosphorus Runoff from Small Livestock Farms Into Missisquoi Bay by : James K. Bushey
Download or read book Reducing Phosphorus Runoff from Small Livestock Farms Into Missisquoi Bay written by James K. Bushey and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
