Evaluation Of Shear Wave Velocity From Bender Elements Using Cross Correlation

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Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation

Author : David Airey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation by : David Airey

Download or read book Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity from Bender Elements Using Cross-correlation written by David Airey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of bender elements to determine shear wave velocity, and hence shear modulus, is becoming increasingly popular, with commercial systems now available. The most common method of interpretation is to make use of first arrival; however, automation of this procedure has been impossible for the wide range of velocities, sample sizes, stress levels, etc. encountered in soil and weak rock testing. A method for automating the velocity measurement was proposed by Mohsin and Airey in 2003 and relied on the use of cross-correlation. Since that time, many papers have been published on the method of interpretation, and these have often dismissed cross-correlation out of hand or have suggested that it does not work. These criticisms are based on either the fallacy that the input and output waves must look similar in order for the method to work or the selection of the wrong peak in the cross-correlation. We have been using the technique in the laboratory routinely for several years and have found that it can provide results that are at least as good as those obtained via other methods for soils varying from soft clay to silty gravel and well-cemented sand and at stress levels from 10 kPa to 2000 kPa. The greatest advantage of the technique is that it removes much of the subjectivity from the analysis, and in our opinion it is the only viable currently proposed method that is suitable for automation, and thus for standardization. This paper provides details of the procedure, pulse type and frequency, and calibration and discusses issues that affect the development of a standard. Results for a range of soil types, stress levels, and shear wave velocities are presented to demonstrate the reliability of the technique.

Idealized Sine Wave Approach to Determine Arrival Times of Shear Wave Signals Using Bender Elements

Author : Qasim Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Idealized Sine Wave Approach to Determine Arrival Times of Shear Wave Signals Using Bender Elements by : Qasim Khan

Download or read book Idealized Sine Wave Approach to Determine Arrival Times of Shear Wave Signals Using Bender Elements written by Qasim Khan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the small strain stiffness Gmax of soils in a laboratory is generally achieved using bender elements. Shear wave propagation is affected by the soil medium and boundary conditions causing distortion in output signals, which introduces error in travel time estimates. This study proposes a novel technique for determining first arrival time in a systematic manner. Based on idealized sine waves, this technique modifies peak-to-peak results to find arrival times using the output frequency of the received signal. By incorporating the initial half wavelength of received signals, five methods depending on the length of the signal chosen for calculating the output frequency are proposed in this article. The applicability of the proposed technique is evaluated based on signals reported in published literature and obtained for Singapore marine clay (uncemented and lightly cemented). For most soil types and testing conditions, it was demonstrated that the proposed technique produces close estimates with reported original arrival times. On the contrary, other techniques, such as peak-to-peak, cross-correlation, and cross spectrum, often underestimated the shear wave velocities when the output signals contained relatively low frequency contents. Consequently, the proposed technique significantly reduces subjectivity and produces improved reliability in estimating specific arrival times without the need of any frequency sweeps. Moreover, by incorporating the quality and shape of signals into the analysis, better estimates of first arrival can be established, especially for noisy signals or signals affected by near-field effects.

Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials

Author : V.A. Rinaldi
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996016
Total Pages : 1236 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials by : V.A. Rinaldi

Download or read book Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials written by V.A. Rinaldi and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 1236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 2015, Buenos Aires, Argentina became the location of several important events for geo-professionals, with the simultaneous holding of the 6th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, the 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (XV PCSMGE), the 8th South American Congress on Rock Mechanics (SCRM), as well as the 22nd Argentinean Congress of Geotechnical Engineering (CAMSIGXXII). This synergy provided a unique opportunity to exchange ideas and discuss current and future practices in the areas of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, and their applications in civil, energy, environmental, and mining engineering. This book presents the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials. As well as 118 articles selected for publication after peer review, it includes 7 lectures delivered by invited keynote speakers and the Third Bishop Lecture, delivered by Professor Herve Di Benedetto of the University of Lyon, France, who presented a reference work on the advanced testing and modeling of bituminous bounded and unbounded granular materials. The conference brought together practitioners, researchers and educators from around the world engaged in the understanding of the deformation properties of geo-materials before failure, and the small strain parameters as fundamental characteristics of geo-materials. The main topics covered by the symposium include experimental investigations from very small strains to beyond failure, including multi-physical approach; HTC M coupling behavior, characterization and modeling of various geo-materials and interfaces; and practical prediction and interpretation of ground responses: field observation and case histories.

Geomechanics from Micro to Macro

Author : Kenichi Soga
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315737329
Total Pages : 1668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Geomechanics from Micro to Macro by : Kenichi Soga

Download or read book Geomechanics from Micro to Macro written by Kenichi Soga and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 1668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomechanics from Micro to Macro contains 268 papers presented at the International Symposium on Geomechanics from Micro and Macro (IS-Cambridge, UK, 1-3 September 2014). The symposium created a forum for the dissemination of new advances in the micro-macro relations of geomaterial behaviour and its modelling. The papers on experimental investigati

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Volume 1

Author : Andrew McNamara
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429797672
Total Pages : 1370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Volume 1 by : Andrew McNamara

Download or read book Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Volume 1 written by Andrew McNamara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 1370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 1 of a 2-volume set.

Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements

Author : EC. Leong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements by : EC. Leong

Download or read book Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements written by EC. Leong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of bender element to measure shear wave velocity is popular due to its simplicity. However, there are still some uncertainties in the interpretation of the bender element test. In this paper, the use of bender elements in the determination of shear wave velocities of dry, unsaturated, and saturated soil specimens is examined with respect to the characteristics of the bender elements, waveform, magnitude, and frequency of the applied voltage to the transmitter bender element and method of travel time determination. The interpretation of the bender element test can be improved if two performance criteria are adopted: (1) a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 4 dB for the receiver signal, and (2) a wave path length to wavelength ratio of at least 3.33. Procedures to estimate the strain level associated with the shear wave velocity measurement using bender element are also described.

Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Author : The Organizing Committee of the 16th ICSMGE
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996563
Total Pages : 3742 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering by : The Organizing Committee of the 16th ICSMGE

Download or read book Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering written by The Organizing Committee of the 16th ICSMGE and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2005-09-12 with total page 3742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 16th ICSMGE responds to the needs of the engineering and construction community, promoting dialog and exchange between academia and practice in various aspects of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This is reflected in the central theme of the conference 'Geotechnology in Harmony with the Global Environment'. The proceedings of the conference are of great interest for geo-engineers and researchers in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Volume 1 contains 5 plenary session lectures, the Terzaghi Oration, Heritage Lecture, and 3 papers presented in the major project session. Volumes 2, 3, and 4 contain papers with the following topics: Soil mechanics in general; Infrastructure and mobility; Environmental issues of geotechnical engineering; Enhancing natural disaster reduction systems; Professional practice and education. Volume 5 contains the report of practitioner/academic forum, 20 general reports, a summary of the sessions and workshops held during the conference.

Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering

Author : Saeed Nemati
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789858356
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering by : Saeed Nemati

Download or read book Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering written by Saeed Nemati and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world moves further into urbanization, there is a greater need for construction materials to meet society’s needs. As natural resources become scarce, the use of recycled materials for construction purposes has become increasingly common. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of recycled materials in the construction industry. This will result in substantial advantages in structure and infrastructure construction coupled with a reduction in the construction cost, as well as improving sustainability. However, significant development limitations and many relevant considerations must be addressed when using recycled materials in construction. This book introduces innovative and alternative construction materials used in civil engineering.

Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions

Author : Francesco Silvestri
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429633505
Total Pages : 5946 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions by : Francesco Silvestri

Download or read book Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions written by Francesco Silvestri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 5946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions contains invited, keynote and theme lectures and regular papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Rome, Italy, 17-20 June 2019. The contributions deal with recent developments and advancements as well as case histories, field monitoring, experimental characterization, physical and analytical modelling, and applications related to the variety of environmental phenomena induced by earthquakes in soils and their effects on engineered systems interacting with them. The book is divided in the sections below: Invited papers Keynote papers Theme lectures Special Session on Large Scale Testing Special Session on Liquefact Projects Special Session on Lessons learned from recent earthquakes Special Session on the Central Italy earthquake Regular papers Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions provides a significant up-to-date collection of recent experiences and developments, and aims at engineers, geologists and seismologists, consultants, public and private contractors, local national and international authorities, and to all those involved in research and practice related to Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.

Discussion "Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements" by Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H., and Rahardjo, H.

Author : J-S Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Discussion "Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements" by Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H., and Rahardjo, H. by : J-S Lee

Download or read book Discussion "Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements" by Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H., and Rahardjo, H. written by J-S Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vibrations of Soils and Foundations

Author : Frank Edwin Richart
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Vibrations of Soils and Foundations by : Frank Edwin Richart

Download or read book Vibrations of Soils and Foundations written by Frank Edwin Richart and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1970 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For graduate students in soil dynamics with a background in statics and elementary dynamics.

Automatic Shear Wave Velocity Estimation in Bender Element Testing

Author : M. Finas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Automatic Shear Wave Velocity Estimation in Bender Element Testing by : M. Finas

Download or read book Automatic Shear Wave Velocity Estimation in Bender Element Testing written by M. Finas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic properties of soils, such as shear wave velocity and damping, are some of critical parameters in the design of civil infrastructures subjected to vibrations from earthquakes and machine foundations. Bender element (BE) testing is used in the laboratory to determine shear wave velocity; however, there is no standard procedure for the interpretation of the results. The main limitation in BE testing is the correct estimation of the shear wave arrival time leading to uncertainty in the values of shear wave velocity. In this paper, three different automatic methods for the shear wave arrival time detection were tested. From these methods, a new procedure was proposed for the automatic determination of the shear wave arrival time using the Akaike information criterion. The method is tested on a series of bender element measurements giving less than 5 % error when the results were compared with the standard method for a signal-to-noise ratio higher than four.

Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Author : Yoon-Moon Chun
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415415861
Total Pages : 1756 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies by : Yoon-Moon Chun

Download or read book Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies written by Yoon-Moon Chun and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 1756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction materials industry is a major user of the world’s resources. While enormous progress has been made towards sustainability, the scope and opportunities for improvements are significant. To further the effort for sustainable development, a conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies was held at Coventry University, Coventry, U.K., from June 11th - 13th, 2007, to highlight case studies and research on new and innovative ways of achieving sustainability of construction materials and technologies. This book presents selected, important contributions made at the conference. Over 190 papers from over 45 countries were accepted for presentation at the conference, of which approximately 100 selected papers are published in this book. The rest of the papers are published in two supplementary books. Topics covered in this book include: sustainable alternatives to natural sand, stone, and Portland cement in concrete; sustainable use of recyclable resources such as fly ash, ground municipal waste slag, pozzolan, rice-husk ash, silica fume, gypsum plasterboard (drywall), and lime in construction; sustainable mortar, concrete, bricks, blocks, and backfill; the economics and environmental impact of sustainable materials and structures; use of construction and demolition wastes, and organic materials (straw bale, hemp, etc.) in construction; sustainable use of soil, timber, and wood products; and related sustainable construction and rehabilitation technologies.

Haar Wavelet Transform for Arrival Time Identification in Bender Element Tests

Author : Alfonso Fernández Lavín
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Haar Wavelet Transform for Arrival Time Identification in Bender Element Tests by : Alfonso Fernández Lavín

Download or read book Haar Wavelet Transform for Arrival Time Identification in Bender Element Tests written by Alfonso Fernández Lavín and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of shear wave velocity ( Vs ) using bender elements can be affected by the near-field effect. This phenomenon hinders the identification of the S-wave arrival time of an output signal. Multiple alternatives have been presented to counteract these effects, including the use of wavelet transforms during the last decade. In this article, the Haar wavelet is used because of the simplicity and speed of calculation. The determination of S-wave arrival time in signals influenced by the near-field effect is performed by setting an explicit event with a high value of energy at a specific time, in relation to the scale average energy in different levels of multiresolution analysis. The results show that regardless of the input frequency, the S-wave arrival time values are very similar, and the near-field effect is not observed when wavelet approach is used to determine the S-wave arrival times, unlike when applying other traditional interpretation approaches.

Applied Mechanics Reviews

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Mechanics Reviews by :

Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Continuous Monitoring of Bender Element Shear Wave Velocities During Triaxial Testing

Author : Mark A. Styler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Continuous Monitoring of Bender Element Shear Wave Velocities During Triaxial Testing by : Mark A. Styler

Download or read book Continuous Monitoring of Bender Element Shear Wave Velocities During Triaxial Testing written by Mark A. Styler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bender element testing is used to measure shear wave velocities (VS) across soil specimens in the laboratory. Conventional bender element testing is carried out at a few discrete points during an experiment. This paper presents a method which uses bender elements to monitor VS continuously throughout a triaxial test. The method is based on monitoring the change in phase angle between a continuous trigger signal and a received signal. It allows the phase velocity at multiple selected frequencies to be monitored throughout a test. The method is described in detail and its use is illustrated for triaxial tests on loose specimens of Fraser River sand prepared by water pluviation. The variation of shear wave velocity is demonstrated during consolidation, ageing, and shearing to failure along a conventional stress path. Potential difficulties of interpretation are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential for continuous excitation of the specimen to alter the test results is considered and dismissed based on a comparison of samples tested without benders and with continuous benders at a range of excitation voltages. The proposed method for continuously monitoring bender element shear wave velocities does not use special or unique equipment. It results in a continuous VS from a trigger and receiver element installed on opposite ends of a triaxial specimen. This method provides a measure of VS during dynamic phases of an experiment that have not previously been observed. For example, this paper includes measures of VS at the onset of creep, the onset of shearing, and over the phase transformation from contractive to dilative behaviour. The relationship between fundamental soil behaviour and VS can now be more easily explored.

Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 4)

Author : Manish Shrikhande
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819914590
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 4) by : Manish Shrikhande

Download or read book Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 4) written by Manish Shrikhande and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering organized by the Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The topics covered in the proceedings include engineering seismology and seismotectonics, earthquake hazard assessment, seismic microzonation and urban planning, dynamic properties of soils and ground response, ground improvement techniques for seismic hazards, computational soil dynamics, dynamic soil–structure interaction, codal provisions on earthquake-resistant design, seismic evaluation and retrofitting of structures, earthquake disaster mitigation and management, and many more. This book also discusses relevant issues related to earthquakes, such as human response and socioeconomic matters, post-earthquake rehabilitation, earthquake engineering education, public awareness, participation and enforcement of building safety laws, and earthquake prediction and early warning system. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of earthquake engineering.