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Evaluation Of Potential Eluants For Non Acid Elution Of Cesium From Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Potential Eluants for Non-Acid Elution of Cesium from Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Potential Eluants for Non-Acid Elution of Cesium from Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange column loading and elution of cesium from spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde resin have been conducted for two potential non-acid eluants -(NH4)2CO3 and CH3COONH4. The results revealed encouraging cesium elution performance. 100% elution was achieved in at most 22 hours (≈28 bed volumes) of elution. Elution performance was fairly high at 6 hours (≈8 bed volumes) of elution for some of the eluants and also practically comparable to the benchmark acid eluant (HNO3). Hence, it is quite possible 100% percent elution will be closer to the 6th hour than the 22nd hour. Elution is generally enhanced by increasing the concentration and pH of the eluants, and combining the eluants.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. by :
Download or read book EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline salt solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE-complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange resin selected for use in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). It is also the primary ion exchange material under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step ion exchange process is typically done with 0.5 M nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the high-level waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. A study has been conducted to explore non-acid elution as an alternative. Batch contact sorption equilibrium screening tests have been conducted with 36 potential non-acid eluants. The sorption tests involve equilibrating each cesium-containing eluant solution with the sRF resin for 48 hours at 25 C in a shaker oven. In the sorption tests, an eluant is deemed to have a high cesium elution potential if it minimizes cesium sorption onto the sRF resin. The top candidates (based on lowest cesium sorption distribution coefficients) include ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, rubidium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. A select few of the top candidate eluants from the screening tests were subjected to actual sorption (loading) and elution tests to confirm their elution ability. The actual sorption (loading) and elution tests mimicked the typical sRF-cesium ion exchange process (i.e., sorption or loading, caustic wash, water rinse, and elution) via batch contact sorption and quasi column caustic wash/water rinse/elution. The eluants tested included ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, and nitric acid. Calcium acetate and magnesium acetate were substitutes for calcium chloride and magnesium chloride respectively due to corrosion concerns. Nitric acid was selected for benchmarking since it is the baseline cesium eluant for sRF resin. The cesium elution performance of ammonium carbonate and ammonium acetate was approximately the same as the benchmark eluant, nitric acid. Ninety-seven (97), 94, and 100% percent of the cesium sorbed or loaded were eluted by ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, and nitric acid was respectively. The performance of calcium acetate and magnesium acetate, on the other hand, was mediocre. Percent elution was 16 and 8 respectively.
Book Synopsis PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. by :
Download or read book PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline salt solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE-complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange resin selected for use in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). It is also the primary ion exchange material under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step ion exchange process is typically done with 0.5 M nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the high-level waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. Studies are ongoing to explore non-acid elution as an alternative. Batch contact sorption equilibrium screening tests have been conducted with 36 potential non-acid eluants. The sorption tests involve equilibrating each cesium-containing eluant solution with the sRF resin for 48 hours at 25 C in a shaker oven. In the sorption tests, an eluant is deemed to have a high cesium elution potential if it minimizes cesium sorption onto the sRF resin. The top candidates (based on lowest cesium sorption distribution coefficients) include ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, rubidium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. The next phase of testing for this work will focus on the following down selected eluants: Ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, nitric acid, and ammonium hydroxide. The next testing phase is a confirmation of the elution ability of the selected eluants. It will mimic a typical sRF cesium ion exchange process i.e., sorption or loading, caustic wash, water rinse, and elution via batch contact sorption and quasi column caustic wash/water rinse/elution. Due to corrosion concerns, calcium acetate and magnesium acetate will be tested instead of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride respectively. Nitric acid is for benchmarking since it is the baseline sRF eluant. The information at hand indicates ammonium hydroxide, while a weak base, may hold promise as an effective eluant. Hence, its inclusion among the eluants to be studied despite the fact that it was not tested as a stand-alone eluant earlier.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FIRNAKDEGYDE RESUB. by :
Download or read book EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FIRNAKDEGYDE RESUB. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternative Non-Acid Eluants for Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde by :
Download or read book Alternative Non-Acid Eluants for Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in or near high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE Complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange (IX) resin under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step IX process is typically done with nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. A non-acid eluant may be a viable alternative. It will eliminate the need for special acid handling requirements within the tank farms.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig[reg-sign] 644, Resorcinol-formaldehyde and CS-100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate by :
Download or read book Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig[reg-sign] 644, Resorcinol-formaldehyde and CS-100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PNL evaluated three polymeric materials for Cs removal efficiency from a simulated Hanford Neutralized Current Acid Waste (NCAW) supernatant liquid using 200 mL ion exchange columns. Cs loadings (mmole Cs/g resin) were 0.20, 0.18, and 0.039 for Super Lig 644, R-F, and CS-100 (0.045, 0.070, 0.011 mmole Cs/mL resin). Elution of each resin material with 0.5 M HNO[sub 3] required 3.5, 7.0, and 3.2 cv to reach 0.1 C/C[sub 0] for the respective materials, resulting in volume compressions of 27, 20, and 6.9. Peak Cs concentrations during elution was 185, 38.5, and 27.8 C/C[sub 0]. SuperLig 644 had the highest Cs loading per gram in NCAW and the greatest volume compression on aci elution. Because of high density and poor elution, R-F had the highest Cs loading per unit volume and lower volume compression. CS-100, the baseline material for Cs removal at Hanford, was inferior to both SuperLig 644 and R-F in terms of Cs loading and selectivity over sodium.
Book Synopsis Small-Column Cesium Ion Exchange Elution Testing of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde by :
Download or read book Small-Column Cesium Ion Exchange Elution Testing of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the work performed to evaluate multiple, cesium loading, and elution cycles for small columns containing SRF resin using a simple, high-level waste (HLW) simulant. Cesium ion exchange loading and elution curves were generated for a nominal 5 M Na, 2.4E-05 M Cs, 0.115 M Al loading solution traced with 134Cs followed by elution with variable HNO3 (0.02, 0.07, 0.15, 0.23, and 0.28 M) containing variable CsNO3 (5.0E-09, 5.0E-08, and 5.0E-07 M) and traced with 137Cs. The ion exchange system consisted of a pump, tubing, process solutions, and a single, small (≈15.7 mL) bed of SRF resin with a water-jacketed column for temperature-control. The columns were loaded with approximately 250 bed volumes (BVs) of feed solution at 45 C and at 1.5 to 12 BV per hour (0.15 to 1.2 cm/min). The columns were then eluted with 29+ BVs of HNO3 processed at 25 C and at 1.4 BV/h. The two independent tracers allowed analysis of the on-column cesium interaction between the loading and elution solutions. The objective of these tests was to improve the correlation between the spent resin cesium content and cesium leached out of the resin in subsequent loading cycles (cesium leakage) to help establish acid strength and purity requirements.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Electrochemical Ion Exchange for Cesium Elution by : Jagannadha R. Bontha
Download or read book Evaluation of Electrochemical Ion Exchange for Cesium Elution written by Jagannadha R. Bontha and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Engineering Evaluation of Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book An Engineering Evaluation of Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small column ion exchange (SCIX) system has been proposed for removal of cesium from caustic, supernatant, and dissolved salt solutions stored or generated from high-level tank wastes at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site and Savannah River Sites. In both instances, deployment of SCIX systems, either in-tank or near-tank, is a means of expediting waste pretreatment and dispositioning with minimal or no new infrastructure requirements. Conceptually, the treatment approach can utilize a range of ion exchange media. Previously, both crystalline silicotitanate (CST), an inorganic, nonelutable sorbent, and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), an organic, elutable resin, have been considered for cesium removal from tank waste. More recently, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) evaluated use of SuperLig{reg_sign} 644, an elutable ion exchange medium, for the subject application. Results of testing indicate hydraulic limitations of the SuperLig{reg_sign} resin, specifically a high pressure drop through packed ion exchange columns. This limitation is likely the result of swelling and shrinkage of the irregularly shaped (granular) resin during repeated conversions between sodium and hydrogen forms as the resin is first loaded then eluted. It is anticipated that a similar flow limitation would exist in columns packed with conventional, granular RF resin. However, use of spherical RF resin is a likely means of mitigating processing limitations due to excessive pressure drop. Although size changes occur as the spherical resin is cycled through loading and elution operations, the geometry of the resin is expected to effectively mitigate the close packing that leads to high pressure drops across ion exchange columns. Multiple evaluations have been performed to determine the feasibility of using spherical RF resin and to obtain data necessary for design of an SCIX process. The work performed consisted of examination of radiation effects on resin performance, quantification of cesium adsorption performance as a function of operating temperature and pH, and evaluation of sodium uptake (titration) as function of pH and counteranion concentration. The results of these efforts are presented in this report. Hydraulic performance of the resin and the use of eluant alternatives to nitric acid have also been evaluated and have been reported elsewhere (Taylor 2009, Taylor and Johnson 2009).
Book Synopsis Application of Ion Exchange Processes for the Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Management of Spent Ion Exchangers by :
Download or read book Application of Ion Exchange Processes for the Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Management of Spent Ion Exchangers written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion exchange is one of the most common and effective treatment methods for liquid radioactive waste. This book reviews the current literature on the subject and reports on the existing state of the art of the application of ion exchange processes for liquid radioactive waste treatments and of the management of spent ion exchange media.
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Technologies by : Ayben Kilislioglu
Download or read book Ion Exchange Technologies written by Ayben Kilislioglu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains information about the technological development of ion exchange in their application for industrial processes. Widely used and well known fields of ion exchange like chromatography and electromembrane technology are described in this book with experimental details. Designing new materials for nanotechnology and nanomaterials as ion exchanger are also explained by experimental proofs. Ion exchange book is suitable not only for postgraduate students but also for researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and chemical technology.
Book Synopsis Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Field manual by :
Download or read book Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Field manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications by : Brian A. Bidlingmeyer
Download or read book Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications written by Brian A. Bidlingmeyer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1993-05-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of related interest. Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC Satinder Ahuja Written by a leading scientist in the field, this monograph provides the first definitive and technically up-to-date treatment of the theory, equipment, and applications of chemistry's most powerful reliable analytical technique. Coverage includes an encyclopedic compendium of common substances that require trace and ultratrace analysis, and features clear discussion of such important topics as considerations for HPLC equipment, sensitive detectors, sample preparation, method development, selectivity and computer-based optimizations, optimizing detectability, and much more. 1991 (0 471-51419-5) 432 pp. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Biotechnology Edited by William S. Hancock Analytical chemists, biochemists, and chemical engineers will find this up-to-date guide to HPLC's recent developments essential for enhancing on-the-job technical expertise. Extensive coverage includes the broad applications of HPLC, ranging from major chromatographic techniques (including reversed phase, ion exchange, affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography) to specific separations such as those in monoclonal antibody and nucleic acid purification. Techniques for quality control programs and advanced technology are also discussed. 1990 (0 471-82584-0) 564 pp. Unified Separation Science J. Calvin Giddings This advanced text/monograph brings together for the first time the variety of techniques used for chemical separations by outlining their common underlying mechanisms. The mass transport phenomena underlying all separation processes are developed in a simple physical-mathematical form, facilitating analysis of alternative separation techniques and the factors integral to separation power. The first six chapters provide background material applicable to a wide range of separation methods, while the final five chapters illustrate specific techniques and methods. 1991 (0 471-52089-6) 320 pp.
Book Synopsis Phytochemical Methods by : Jeffrey B. Harborne
Download or read book Phytochemical Methods written by Jeffrey B. Harborne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.
Book Synopsis Detection and Identification of Organic Compounds by : Miroslov Vecera
Download or read book Detection and Identification of Organic Compounds written by Miroslov Vecera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American edition of our monograph is not a mere translation of the Czech edition, which appeared some five years ago. We have had to respect the fact that even such a short period has sufficed for progress in this field, and that the field of application of methods of organic analysis has widened. We have therefore revised a number of chapters in Part 1, the general part of the monograph-mainly those devoted to chromatographic methods, which have been extended and complemented by methods of thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The chapters on the theory of color reactions and on analytical literature have also been extended; the chapter on spectral methods has been extended by including the use of proton magnetic resonance in organic analysis, and the list of references has been enlarged by adding books of importance for organic analysis. In Part 2, the part dealing specifically with various elements and chemical groups, we have extended the chapters on solubility and on acids and bases. The methods for the detection and identification of given classes of compounds have also been supplemented by references to recent papers.
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Technology I by : Inamuddin Dr.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Technology I written by Inamuddin Dr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion-exchange Technology I: Theory and Materials describes the theoretical principles of ion-exchange processes. More specifically, this volume focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and modelling of ion-exchange materials and their associated kinetics and equilibria. This title is a highly valuable source not only to postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology as well as to engineers and industrialists.
Book Synopsis Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents by : José M. Loureiro
Download or read book Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents written by José M. Loureiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows up an Advanced Research Workshop dedicated to the subject of adsorption. It presents an up-to-date review of the latest achievements in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid organic-inorganic materials and of carbon and combined adsorbents. The modeling of the adsorption process, including the simulation of carbon masks used for both civil and military protection purposes is also addressed. Includes applications in environmental, military and post-disaster situations.
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