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Evaluation Of Concrete Slab Fracturing Techniques In Mitigating Reflective Cracking Through Asphalt Overlays
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Slab Fracturing Techniques in Mitigating Reflective Cracking Through Asphalt Overlays by : Thomas Elliott Freeman
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Slab Fracturing Techniques in Mitigating Reflective Cracking Through Asphalt Overlays written by Thomas Elliott Freeman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an evaluation of concrete slab fracturing techniques as a means of arresting or retarding reflective cracking through asphalt overlays placed on severely distressed portland cement concrete pavement. The study involved monitoring the performance of five pavement rehabilitation projects over a period of up to 8 years. Two of the projects were originally constructed of jointed plain (unreinforced) concrete, and the other three consisted of jointed reinforced concrete pavement. The test sections were fractured with a guillotine drop hammer and then seated with a 50-ton pneumatic tire roller. For comparative purposes, control sections, which were not fractured prior to placement of the asphalt overlay, were constructed just beyond the bounds of three of the fractured test sections. Detailed visual condition surveys were conducted annually at all sites. For each survey, the number of occurrences of reflective cracks that formed in fractured sections was directly compared to the number of cracks observed in the control sections to quantify the tendency of fracturing to retard or arrest the formation of reflective cracks. The results of this study show that fracturing and seating distressed concrete pavements appear to be an effective means of retarding the formation of reflective cracking through asphalt overlays on jointed, unreinforced pavements. In the case of reinforced pavements, however, the fracturing technique was somewhat less successful in that the formation of reflective cracks appeared to be delayed for only about 3 years. Beyond that point in time, the fractured reinforced sections exhibited approximately the same amount of reflective cracking as the control section. The researcher concludes that any observed benefit in terms of extended pavement service life or enhanced ride quality resulting from even a slight delay in reflective crack propagation would likely offset the rather nominal cost of the fracturing and seating operation itself.
Book Synopsis Installation and Initial Evaluation of Paving Fabric Interlayers for Mitigating Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : Harikrishnan Nair
Download or read book Installation and Initial Evaluation of Paving Fabric Interlayers for Mitigating Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by Harikrishnan Nair and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propagation of cracks from existing pavements into a new asphalt concrete overlay (reflective cracking) is a major problem for both rigid and flexible pavements. Reflective cracking in pavements compromises ride quality and reduces the service life of the pavement. Reflective cracking of the asphalt layer over jointed concrete pavement is a perennial problem in Virginia and elsewhere. State transportation agencies continue to try various available treatment methods to delay or prevent reflective cracking with corrective or restorative maintenance. Some of those treatments include using paving fabric as an interlayer. Virginia has anecdotal experience with paving fabric interlayers, but little well-documented history with which to assess performance. The objective of this study was to establish a performance baseline for fabric interlayers in conjunction with asphalt concrete overlays on existing flexible, rigid, and composite pavements by documenting the installation and initial field performance of several projects in Virginia. Two types of interlayer fabric were used. One of the interlayers needed an asphalt leveling course for placement based on the manufacturer's specifications. As expected, all of the sections with interlayers are performing well. However, most of the sections were placed in 2017 and 2018, and hence the performance data are preliminary. These sections need to be monitored continuously to track pavement distress and performance over time. The cost of using interlayers in pavement ranged from 6 .0 dollars to 8 .0 dollars per square yard, depending on the type of fabric and installation method. Long-term performance data are needed to assess the benefit-cost effectiveness of using paving fabric interlayers in pavements.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Pavement Cracking on SR-4 and Demonstration of the Multi-head Breaker in Fracturing Reinforced Concrete Pavements Before Asphalt Overlay by : Arudi Rajagopal
Download or read book Investigation of Pavement Cracking on SR-4 and Demonstration of the Multi-head Breaker in Fracturing Reinforced Concrete Pavements Before Asphalt Overlay written by Arudi Rajagopal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the details of a study conducted by Infrastructure Management and Engineering (INFRAME) to review condition of selected break and seat (B/S) and rubblization projects constructed by Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), and also to demonstrate the ability of various pavement breakers to produce desired breaking patterns and fractured particle sizes required by ODOT specifications. A program of field evaluations was undertaken on four test projects. The pavement on SR-4 was rehabilitated in 1993 by breaking the underlying jointed reinforced concrete pavement with a pile hammer prior to constructing an asphalt overlay. The pavement on SR-36 project was rehabilitated in 1992 by rubblizing the existing jointed concrete pavement with a Resonant Pavement Breaker (RPB) and constructing an asphalt overlay. The continuous concrete pavement on I-70 was rubblized in 2005 with a Multi Head Breaker (MHB), in preparation for an initial asphalt overlay. On the I-71 project, MHB was used to demolish the existing jointed reinforced concrete pavement and demonstrate the capabilities of MHB to produce various fracturing patterns. At each test site, a test pit was dug and a visual assessment of the condition of the fractured pavement overlay and subbase/subgrade was made. Measurements were made of the fracturing pattern at the surface of the concrete and gradation tests were performed to determine the particle size distribution at various depths within the fractured slab. Deflection tests were performed to determine the effect of the observed breaking patterns on the stiffness of the pavement layers. Examination of test pit material indicated that the pile hammer used in constructing the B/S sections on the SR-4 project did not provide the vertical through cracking and steel debonding required by the project specifications. Despite this, the overlay on the B/S section provided vastly superior reflection crack performance than the untreated control section. The MHB equipment used on I-70 appeared capable of providing the breaking patterns and particle sizes required by ODOT specifications. However, the MHB equipment used on I-71 by a different contractor did not produce the desired results; a significant amount of large, un-cracked pieces were observed particularly below the reinforcing steel, regardless of desired breaking pattern. On the other hand, the Resonant Pavement Breaker (RPB) equipment used on SR-36 produced fractured particle size distribution and steel debonding required by ODOT specifications. The principal recommendation of the study is to improve ODOT's specifications for fractured slab techniques. On all types of fracturing projects, the quality control requirements need to be modified to require that test pits be more frequently used to ensure that the specified particle size distributions are in fact being achieved throughout the depth of the slab. On rubblize projects, the present particle size distribution requirements need to be re-examined to ensure that the fracturing operation will avoid, not merely delay, reflection cracking in the subsequent overlay.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : A. Vanelstraete
Download or read book Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by A. Vanelstraete and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crack reflection through a road structure is one of the main causes of premature pavement deterioration. This is a widespread problem in many countries and highway maintenance authorities are having to find economic means of repairing and upgrading their pavements. This book is the eagerly awaited state-of-the-art report which considers all different aspects of the subject including assessment and use of overlay systems.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Crack, Seat and Overlay Method in California by : Ashraf M. Rahim
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Crack, Seat and Overlay Method in California written by Ashraf M. Rahim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance data for these sections were obtained from the Caltrans Pavement Condition Report (PCR) and were analyzed along with inventory data obtained from as-built sheets. In Phase II, seventeen (17) CS&O sections (eight (8) on the Central Coast and nine (9) in Northern California) were identified and examined. Performance data were extracted from the Caltrans PCR. As-built and maintenance history data were obtained from the Caltrans District 05 (D05) and District 02 (D02) offices. Data for these sections were combined with data from the Central Valley region (Phase I) to evaluate the performance of CS&O sections throughout California. Also, performance models were developed for three different regions, namely Central Valley (CV), Central Coast (CC), and Northern California (NCA).
Book Synopsis Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : L. Francken
Download or read book Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by L. Francken and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject. Papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. The following topics are covered: prevention and cracking assessment, choice and design of overlay systems, practical implemen
Book Synopsis 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements by : A. Scarpas
Download or read book 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements written by A. Scarpas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent past, new materials, laboratory and in-situ testing methods and construction techniques have been introduced. In addition, modern computational techniques such as the finite element method enable the utilization of sophisticated constitutive models for realistic model-based predictions of the response of pavements. The 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking of Pavements provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge amongst experts involved in computational analysis, material production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. All submitted contributions were subjected to an exhaustive refereed peer review procedure by the Scientific Committee, the Editors and a large group of international experts in the topic. On the basis of their recommendations, 129 contributions which best suited the goals and the objectives of the Conference were chosen for presentation and inclusion in the Proceedings. The strong message that emanates from the accepted contributions is that, by accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the response of pavement engineering materials, modern sophisticated constitutive models in combination with new experimental material characterization and construction techniques provide a powerful arsenal for understanding and designing against the mechanisms and the processes causing cracking and pavement response deterioration. As such they enable the adoption of truly "mechanistic" design methodologies. The papers represent the following topics: Laboratory evaluation of asphalt concrete cracking potential; Pavement cracking detection; Field investigation of pavement cracking; Pavement cracking modeling response, crack analysis and damage prediction; Performance of concrete pavements and white toppings; Fatigue cracking and damage characterization of asphalt concrete; Evaluation of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete modification; Crack growth parameters and mechanisms; Evaluation, quantification and modeling of asphalt healing properties; Reinforcement and interlayer systems for crack mitigation; Thermal and low temperature cracking of pavements; and Cracking propensity of WMA and recycled asphalts.
Book Synopsis Pavement Cracking by : Imad L. Al-Qadi
Download or read book Pavement Cracking written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
Book Synopsis Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : J.M. Rigo
Download or read book Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by J.M. Rigo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book forms the Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Conference held in Liege in March 1993. It follows the successful first conference held in 1989 and focusses on two main topics: the current state of the art of reflective cracking in highway and other pavements, and design recommendations for field applications. As well as more than
Book Synopsis PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking in Pavement Research in Practice by : A. O. Abd El Halim
Download or read book PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking in Pavement Research in Practice written by A. O. Abd El Halim and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PRO 37: 5th International RILEM Conference on Cracking in Pavements – Mitigation, Risk Assessment and Prevention by : C. Petit
Download or read book PRO 37: 5th International RILEM Conference on Cracking in Pavements – Mitigation, Risk Assessment and Prevention written by C. Petit and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Reflective Cracking Development in Hot-mix Asphalt Overlays and Quantification of Control Techniques by : Jongeun Baek
Download or read book Modeling Reflective Cracking Development in Hot-mix Asphalt Overlays and Quantification of Control Techniques written by Jongeun Baek and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay is regarded as an efficient method to rehabilitate moderately deteriorated pavements. Despite the application of an adequately designed overlay, when HMA overlays are built on jointed concrete pavement (JCP) or a cracked surface, reflective cracking can develop shortly after the overlay application due to traffic loads and environmental changes. Several remedial techniques, including interlayer systems, have been incorporated into HMA overlays to control reflective cracking. This study examined the behavior of traffic-induced reflective cracking using a finite element (FE) model for an HMA overlay with and without interlayer systems, and evaluated the performance of interlayer systems in controlling reflective cracking. To achieve these objectives, a three-dimensional FE model was built for a typical HMA overlay constructed over JCP. A linear viscoelastic model and a bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM) were incorporated into the FE model to characterize continuum and fracture behavior of the HMA. Using the bilinear CZM, reflective cracking initiation and propagation were simulated. Transient moving vehicular loading was applied across a joint to develop reflective cracking. In order to force reflective cracking development by one pass of load application, various levels of overload were applied. Two distinct interlayer systems, sand mix and steel netting with slurry seal, were examined for their effectiveness in controlling reflective cracking. The sand mix was modeled with the LVE model and bilinear CZM. The steel netting interlayer system was modeled with beam elements for steel wires and membrane elements for slurry seal. To quantify the status of reflective cracking development, a representative fractured area (RFAOL), that is an equivalent stiffness degradation in the entire HMA overlay, was used. A limit state load approach was used to determine the resistance of the HMA overlay to reflective cracking in terms of normalized axle load of an overload equivalent to a 80-kN single-axle load. The service life of the HMA overlay regarding reflective cracking was specified by the number of load repetitions based on the Paris law. A reflective cracking control factor was defined as the ratio of the service life to the HMA overlay without an interlayer system; the factor was used to evaluate the performance effectiveness of these interlayer systems in controlling reflective cracking. It was found that the bearing capacity of existing JCP played an important role in developing reflective cracking. Reflective cracking potential increased inversely with the modulus of base and subgrade layers. Interface bonding conditions, especially bonding strength, affected the development of reflective cracking. Lower interface bonding strength resulted in greater potential for developing reflective cracking. The study concluded that the sand mix interlayer system extended the service life of the HMA overlay regarding reflective cracking due to its relatively high fracture energy. A macro-crack level of reflective cracking was initiated in the wearing course in the HMA, so-called crack jumping. The softer the sand mix, the tougher it may be, but it may cause shear rutting in HMA overlay. Hence, sand mix fracture energy and thickness thresholds should be identified. The steel netting interlayer system performed better than the sand mix; the performance of the latter is thickness and fracture energy dependent. When the steel netting interlayer system was installed properly, the reflective cracking service life of the HMA overlay was found to be six times longer than that of the HMA. The performance was still better than sand mix when localized deboning induced. However, severe debonding of steel netting can be detrimental to its performance.
Book Synopsis Reflective Crack Mitigation Guide for Flexible Pavements by : R. Christopher Williams
Download or read book Reflective Crack Mitigation Guide for Flexible Pavements written by R. Christopher Williams and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflective cracks form in pavements when hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays are placed over jointed and/or severely cracked rigid and flexible pavements. In the first part of the research, survival analysis was conducted to identify the most appropriate rehabilitation method for composite pavements and to evaluate the influence of different factors on reflective crack development. Four rehabilitation methods, including mill and fill, overlay, heater scarification (SCR), and rubblization, were analyzed using three performance indicators: reflective cracking, international roughness index (IRI), and pavement condition index (PCI). It was found that rubblization can significantly retard reflective cracking development compared to the other three methods. No significant difference for PCI was seen among the four rehabilitation methods. Heater scarification showed the lowest survival probability for both reflective cracking and IRI, while an overlay resulted in the poorest overall pavement condition based on PCI. In addition, traffic level was found not to be a significant factor for reflective cracking development. An increase in overlay thickness can significantly delay the propagation of reflective cracking for all four treatments. Soil types in rubblization pavement sites were assessed, and no close relationship was found between rubblized pavement performance and subgrade soil condition. In the second part of the research, the study objective was to evaluate the modulus and performance of four reflective cracking treatments: full rubblization, modified rubblization, crack and seat, and rock interlayer. A total of 16 pavement sites were tested by the surface wave method (SWM), and in the first four sites both falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and SWM were conducted for a preliminary analysis. The SWM gave close concrete layer moduli compared to the FWD moduli on a conventional composite pavement. However, the SWM provided higher moduli for the rubblized concrete layer. After the preliminary analysis, another 12 pavement sites were tested by the SWM. The results showed that the crack and seat method provided the highest moduli, followed by the modified rubblization method. The full rubblization and the rock interlayer methods gave similar, but lower, moduli. Pavement performance surveys were also conducted during the field study. In general, none of the pavement sites had rutting problems. The conventional composite pavement site had the largest amount of reflective cracking. A moderate amount of reflective cracking was observed for the two pavement sites with full rubblization. Pavements with the rock interlayer and modified rubblization treatments had much less reflective cracking. It is recommended that use of the modified rubblization and rock interlayer treatments for reflective cracking mitigation are best.
Book Synopsis A Rational Approach to the Prediction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlays for Concrete Pavements by : Thomas Bennert
Download or read book A Rational Approach to the Prediction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlays for Concrete Pavements written by Thomas Bennert and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is used as the primary overlying material of concrete pavements during rehabilitation because of its inexpensive nature when compared to most Portland cement concrete (PCC) rehabilitation/reconstruction alternatives. However, due to the majority of the PCC pavements being in average to poor condition, many HMA overlays are exposed to extreme movements (both vertical and horizontal). The combination of associated load and environmentally induced movements creates complex stresses and strains in the vicinity of expansion joints and cracks in the PCC, thus dramatically reducing the life of the HMA overlay, typically in the form of reflective cracking. Reflective cracking is a fatigue cracking distress, which is initiated at the bottom of the HMA overlay and propagates to the surface. When the crack reaches the HMA overlay surface, not only does it affect the ride quality and overall integrity of the pavement surface, but it also creates a path for which water can migrate down into and below the PCC layer. This can ultimately reduce the overall structural support of the composite (HMA and PCC) pavement and result in a complete pavement failure. Medium to high severity reflective cracking results in poor surface conditions that could lead to poor driving conditions and higher accident rates. Therefore, this research is timely in that it not only addresses the structural integrity of the pavement system, but also the safety of the driving public, which is one of the main objectives of the administration at state agencies. To better understand the mechanisms associated with the development of reflective cracking, an extensive literature review was conducted. Analysis of the literature review indicated significant gaps in the current state of the practice in using bituminous overlays on PCC pavements. To fill in these gaps, a survey was developed, distributed to the state transportation agencies of all fifty states, and compiled to better define the scope of the research. The survey clearly identified that a major gap in the current state of the practice is linking the field conditions (climate, deflections, traffic levels) to appropriate laboratory testing protocols. Therefore, field test sections were selected with appropriate field forensic testing and traffic collection. During construction of the bituminous overlays, loose mix was collected and brought back to the laboratory for material characterization testing that would simulate the loading conditions associated with the respective test section. The research conducted during the development of this thesis has led to a rational approach in the prediction of reflective cracking potential in HMA overlays placed on PCC pavements. This methodology utilizes field forensic information that would normally be collected during the evaluation of the PCC/composite pavement prior to rehabilitation and laboratory fatigue and stiffness characterization of the HMA mixture(s), to predict the potential for reflective cracking in the bituminous overlay mixture(s). The extensive laboratory testing and field calibration/verification information utilized in the research has also led to "decision tree" methodology that would allow state agencies to properly select asphalt mixtures for overlaying PCC pavements.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Strata® Reflective Crack Relief System by : Debra L. Bischoff
Download or read book Evaluation of Strata® Reflective Crack Relief System written by Debra L. Bischoff and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developing Best Practices for Rehabilitation of Concrete with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Overlays Related to Density and Reflective Cracking by : Eshan V. Dave
Download or read book Developing Best Practices for Rehabilitation of Concrete with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Overlays Related to Density and Reflective Cracking written by Eshan V. Dave and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asphalt overlays are commonly used to rehabilitate deteriorated Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. However, mechanically or thermally driven movements at joints and cracks in the underlying pavement usually lead to development of reflective cracks in the overlay. The formation and propagation of reflection cracking is controlled by the mechanical properties of the asphalt and the condition of the overlaid pavement. Current state of practice for asphalt overlay design is policy oriented and lacking an engineered design approach. There is need for establishing state of practice in design of overlays as well as for assessment of PCC pavement condition and recommending improvements to existing pavement prior to overlay construction. The objective of this study is to develop a simple decision tree-based tool for selecting suitable asphalt mixtures and overlay designs to prolong overlay lives by lowering reflective cracking and improving in-situ density. This research will leverage the current National Road Research Alliance (NRRA) effort of constructing, instrumenting, and monitoring 12 MnROAD test sections, laboratory performance tests on asphalt mixtures from the test sections, and past field performance data. The proposed tool incorporates field performance data, performance modelling, and life-cycle cost analysisto develop best practices for rehabilitation of PCC with asphalt overlays.
Book Synopsis Cost Effective Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Composite Pavements by : Mostafa A. Elseifi
Download or read book Cost Effective Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Composite Pavements written by Mostafa A. Elseifi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflection cracks are caused by discontinuities (cracks or joints) in underlying layers, which propagate through a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay due to continuous movement at the crack prompted by thermal and traffic loading. If the new overlay is bonded to the distressed layer, cracks in the existing pavement usually propagate to the surface within one to five years and even as early as few months have been reported. Excessive seasonal temperature variations and movements of a cement-treated base layer may also result in shrinkage cracking, which extends to the pavement surface to cause reflection block cracks. Reflection cracking leads to premature failure of overlays by allowing water infiltration through the cracks, which cause stripping in HMA layers and weakening and deterioration of the base and/or subgrade. Since the early 1930s, considerable resources and efforts have been spent to find new and relatively inexpensive techniques to delay reflection cracking. Different methods, including the use of interlayer systems (e.g., glassgrid, stress absorbing membranes, paving fabrics, etc.) and rubblization, have been suggested for enhancing pavement resistance to reflective cracking. Experimental investigations of these crack control treatments indicate that their performances have been mixed and cannot be considered conclusive. Louisiana has experience with various techniques and treatments to control reflection cracking since the 1970s; however, the cost-effectiveness and performance of these methods have not been reliably evaluated. In addition, scientific evaluation and testing of these treatment methods was not performed on many projects. To ensure successful control of this distress and effective allocation of maintenance funds, there is a critical need to assess the performance of pavement sections across the state built with various treatment methods and to determine the most cost-effective techniques to delay or to prevent reflection cracking in composite pavements.
