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Evaluating Risk Factors And Synergistic Effects Of Two Common Hiv 1 Coinfections
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Book Synopsis Evaluating Risk Factors and Synergistic Effects of Two Common HIV-1 Coinfections by : Aaron F. Bochner
Download or read book Evaluating Risk Factors and Synergistic Effects of Two Common HIV-1 Coinfections written by Aaron F. Bochner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: HIV-1 coinfections have long been suspected of catalyzing the HIV-1 epidemic by increasing HIV-1 transmission or acquisition risk. The geographical distribution of coinfections may explain why some regions have been more heavily impacted by HIV-1. The primary objective of this dissertation was to expand our understanding of two common HIV-1 coinfections that have been hypothesized to increase the risk of HIV-1 transmission and acquisition: schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis. The specific aims of this dissertation were 1) Identify correlates of T. vaginalis infection within a population of HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual couples, 2) Estimate the association between schistosomiasis and HIV-1 acquisition, 3) Evaluate the impact of schistosome coinfection on HIV-1 set-point genital viral load levels, and 4) Evaluate the association between schistosome coinfection and HIV-1 set-point plasma viral load levels. Methods: To conduct these analyses, we used data from four cohort studies: the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study, the Couples Observational Study, the Partners PrEP Study, and the Mombasa Cohort. All analyses utilized data from multiple cohorts. For all cohorts, a large amount of individual-level information was collected, including characteristics associated with HIV-1 acquisition risk and the prevalence of coinfections, permitting thorough adjustment for possible confounding factors. Results and Conclusions: Correlates of T. vaginalis infection: In a cross-sectional analysis of 8,155 HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, the strongest predictor of a prevalent T. vaginalis infection was having an infected sexual partner. Thus, concurrent treatment of sexual partners is critical to prevent reinfection. Among women, having a circumcised male partner was associated with reduced T. vaginalis risk while bacterial vaginosis (detected via Nugent Score) was associated with an increased risk, so expanding male circumcision programs and bacterial vaginosis treatment has the potential to reduce the prevalence of trichomoniasis. Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 acquisition risk: In nested case-control analyses including 575 HIV-1 seroconverters and 1,675 controls, S. mansoni infection was not associated with an increased the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. In addition, S. haematobium infection was not associated with a statistically significant increase in HIV-1 acquisition risk, though our result suggested that women with S. haematobium could face a moderate increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition. Schistosomiasis and set point HIV-1 RNA viral loads: Schistosomiasis was not associated with increased plasma HIV-1 viral loads. Our results do not support the hypothesis that schistosome coinfection increases the rate of HIV-1 disease progression. Schistosomiasis and genital HIV-1 RNA viral loads: Schistosomiasis was not associated with increased genital HIV-1 viral loads. Our results do not support the hypothesis that schistosome coinfection increases HIV-1 transmission risk.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of AIDS by : Thomas J. Hope
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on Immunosenescence by : Tamas Fulop
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309683951 Total Pages :750 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (839 download)
Book Synopsis Sexually Transmitted Infections by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice by : Debra G.B. Leonard
Download or read book Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice written by Debra G.B. Leonard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-25 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative textbook embodies the current standard in molecular testing for practicing pathologists, and residents and fellows in training. The text is organized into eight sections: genetics, inherited cancers, infectious disease, neoplastic hematopathology, solid tumors, HLA typing, identity testing, and laboratory management. Discussion of each diagnostic test includes its clinical significance, available assays, quality control and lab issues, interpretation, and reasons for testing. Coverage extends to HIV, hepatitis, developmental disorders, bioterrorism, warfare organisms, lymphomas, breast cancer and melanoma, forensics, parentage, and much more. Includes 189 illustrations, 45 in full-color. This textbook is a classic in the making and a must-have reference.
Author :International Agency for Research on Cancer Publisher :International Agency for Research on Cancer ISBN 13 : Total Pages :520 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis World Cancer Report 2008 by : International Agency for Research on Cancer
Download or read book World Cancer Report 2008 written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2008-12-31 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The World Cancer Report 2008" provides a comprehensive overview of cancer for all those working in the field of health-care and research, and the general reader as well. It presents information on cancer patterns, diagnosis, causes and prevention concisely, clearly outlining the growing public health crisis. Simultaneously, there is a clear message of hope: although cancer is a great and growing devastating disease, it is largely preventable.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and HIV/AIDS by : Nancy Dumais
Download or read book Nutrition and HIV/AIDS written by Nancy Dumais and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume, “Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Implication for Treatment, Prevention and Cure”, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.
Book Synopsis A Guide to the Clinical Care of Women with HIV by : Jean R. Anderson
Download or read book A Guide to the Clinical Care of Women with HIV written by Jean R. Anderson and published by DIANE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRODUCT ITEM -OVERSRTOCK SALE-- Significantly reduced price. Edited by Jean R. Anderson. This guide addresses the health care needs unique to women with HIV. It targets clinicians who provide primary care to women as well as those seeking an understanding of how to take care of women with HIV/AIDS. This guide includes tables, figures, color plates, resources, references, and indices. This 2005 edition includes new chapters on international issues and nutrition. Edge indexed."
Download or read book HIV Neurology written by Bruce Brew and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a clinical framework for the diagnosis and management of more than seventy potential neurological complications that may occur in the HIV infected patient. The clinical framework is designed to be "user friendly" so that even the most inexperienced clinician should be able to arrive at the correct diagnosis. The neurological complications of HIV disease have considerably changed in the last decade. Not only have more opportunistic conditions been described but other complications arising from antiretroviral drugs such as lipodystrophy and accelerated atherosclerosis have become problematic. Moreover, the pattern of complications has altered. Diseases such as cerebral toxoplasmosis, AIDS dementia complex and primary central nervous system lymphoma are now becoming uncommon to rare while peripheral neuropathy is becoming increasingly common. In line with these changes, there have been very significant advances in the therapy of HIV disease in general and in neurological complications in particular. Patients with AIDS dementia complex now have a variety of antiretroviral and adjuvant drugs available to them in contrast to the situation only five years ago where therapy was confined to two antiretroviral drugs at best.
Book Synopsis Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by : Dean T. Jamison
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Download or read book HIV in China written by Jing Jun and published by UNSW Press. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of collaboration between the University of New South Wales and the Tsinghua University in Beijing, this unique chronicle maps some of the most important social, political, and cultural characteristics of the HIV epidemic in China. Demonstrating that the epidemic was propelled by three main economic drivers--the blood trade, the drug trade, and the sex trade--this informative compilation of essays uncovers the hidden truths about the spread of HIV and analyzes its social impacts.
Book Synopsis Medical Management of HIV and AIDS by : Ann Millar
Download or read book Medical Management of HIV and AIDS written by Ann Millar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since AIDS was first recognised the enormous and worldwide social and medical implications of this disease have been increasingly recognised. The exponential increase in the number of people infected with HIV has been paralleled by the written literature on the subject. When this book was initially conceived the question was why another book? It seemed to me at that time and since, that as HIV presented ever more complex problems, they were best solved when considered within a wider context, using basic principles of individual medical specialties and applying them. For this reason, all the chapter authors were experienced in a particular field and applied that knowledge to HIV. All the authors were working at the Middlesex Hospital in London when the AIDS services there were expanding to fill a need, from 2 beds in 1986 to two wards today. The authors were frontline staff looking after all aspects of HIV infection within a wider general medical context. Many are now consultants or senior lecturers. It is the aim of the book to provide an insight into HIV and AIDS as a overview for someone starting to work in this field or who sees such patients occasionally and requires some basic guidelines. For this reason the chapters are based predominantly on organ systems and are divided into sections covering the presenta tion, methods of investigation and treatment or action required of relevant conditions.
Book Synopsis Infections in Pregnancy by : Adel Elkady
Download or read book Infections in Pregnancy written by Adel Elkady and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides effective diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in pregnant women in a single comprehensive available resource for busy clinicians.
