Evaluating Chemical And Other Agent Exposures For Reproductive And Developmental Toxicity

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Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309073162
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-04-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Navy has been concerned for some time with protecting its military and civilian personnel from reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace. As part of its efforts to reduce or eliminate exposure of Naval personnel and their families to reproductive and developmental toxicants, the Navy requested that the National Research Council (NRC) recommend an approach that can be used to evaluate chemicals and physical agents for their potential to cause reproductive and developmental toxicity. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology, which convened the Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, to prepare this report. In this report, the subcommittee recommends an approach for evaluating agents for potential reproductive and developmental toxicity and demonstrates how that approach can be used by the Navy. This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: James Chen (National Center for Toxicological Research), George Daston (Procter and Gamble Company), Jerry Heindel (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Grace Lemasters (University of Cincinnati), and John Young (National Center for Toxicological Research).

Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

Author : Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309073165
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (731 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity by : Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

Download or read book Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity written by Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-03-27 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Navy has been concerned for some time with protecting its military and civilian personnel from reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace. As part of its efforts to reduce or eliminate exposure of Naval personnel and their families to reproductive and developmental toxicants, the Navy requested that the National Research Council (NRC) recommend an approach that can be used to evaluate chemicals and physical agents for their potential to cause reproductive and developmental toxicity. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology, which convened the Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, to prepare this report. In this report, the subcommittee recommends an approach for evaluating agents for potential reproductive and developmental toxicity and demonstrates how that approach can be used by the Navy. This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: James Chen (National Center for Toxicological Research), George Daston (Procter and Gamble Company), Jerry Heindel (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Grace Lemasters (University of Cincinnati), and John Young (National Center for Toxicological Research).

Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309128412
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are exposed to a variety of chemicals throughout their daily lives. To protect public health, regulators use risk assessments to examine the effects of chemical exposures. This book provides guidance for assessing the risk of phthalates, chemicals found in many consumer products that have been shown to affect the development of the male reproductive system of laboratory animals. Because people are exposed to multiple phthalates and other chemicals that affect male reproductive development, a cumulative risk assessment should be conducted that evaluates the combined effects of exposure to all these chemicals. The book suggests an approach for cumulative risk assessment that can serve as a model for evaluating the health risks of other types of chemicals.

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants

Author : Eleanor Chelimsky
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780788186264
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants by : Eleanor Chelimsky

Download or read book Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants written by Eleanor Chelimsky and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates federal regulatory actions on environmental chemicals known to cause adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes. Identifies 30 environmental chemicals found to be of high concern because of the widespread acknowledgment of their reproductive and developmental consequences as toxicants. Determines the extent to which these chemicals are regulated by the federal government. Assesses the degree to which these regulatory actions are based on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Evaluates whether the regulatory protection currently provided to the public against reproductive and developmental disease is sufficient.

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904894X
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Human Variability in Response to Chemical Exposures Measures, Modeling, and Risk Assessment

Author : David A. Eckerman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439805938
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Variability in Response to Chemical Exposures Measures, Modeling, and Risk Assessment by : David A. Eckerman

Download or read book Human Variability in Response to Chemical Exposures Measures, Modeling, and Risk Assessment written by David A. Eckerman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: and for those interested in toxic effects of chemicals on humans, Human Variability in Response to Chemical Exposures: Measures, Modeling, and Risk Assessment recognizes and addresses the increasing awareness that individual biological differences be reflected when assessing human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Eight original manuscripts, commissioned by the ILSI Risk Science Institute, address the evidence for variability in human response to chemicals associated with reproductive and developmental effects, effects on the nervous system and lungs, and cancer. Their reports convey both the current state of scientific understanding of response variability and the genetic basis for such observations. This book recognizes that understanding of variability in response is critical in accounting for interindividual variability in susceptibility and, hence, risk, if the regulatory community and others are expected to characterize human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Models for incorporating measures of response variability in the risk assessment process are critically reviewed and illustrated with published data. This authoritative work indicates that, in the case of certain chemicals and in the context of certain specific toxic effects, we have considerable ability to predictively and quantitatively characterize human variability, but, in the majority of cases, our ability to do so is limited. If we improve both quantity and quality of information available on response variability and increase our understanding of target tissue dosimetry, we should be better able to account for variability in human susceptibility to the toxic effects of chemicals.

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants by : United States. General Accounting Office

Download or read book Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology

Author : Ronald D. Hood
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420040545
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology by : Ronald D. Hood

Download or read book Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology written by Ronald D. Hood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-30 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition draws together valuable information typically scattered throughout the literature, plus some not previously published, into one complete resource. In addition to the traditional aspects of developmental toxicity testing, the book covers e

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309100925
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-05-07 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants.

Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Reproduction Associated with Exposure to Chemicals

Author : P. Foster
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241572255
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (722 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Reproduction Associated with Exposure to Chemicals by : P. Foster

Download or read book Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Reproduction Associated with Exposure to Chemicals written by P. Foster and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2001 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended as a tool for use by public health officials, research and regulatory scientists and risk managers, this publication seeks to provide a scientific framework for the use and interpretation of reproductive toxicity data from human and animal studies. It also discusses emerging methodology and testing strategy in reproductive toxicity. The text focuses on approaches to assessing reproductive toxicity in males and females, including sexual dysfunction and infertility, and many aspects of developmental toxicity (following both prenatal and postnatal exposure), from conception to sexual maturation. It is an overview of the major scientific principles underlying hazard identification, testing methods and risk assessment strategies in human reproductive toxicity. It also discusses the evaluation of reproductive toxicity data in the context of the extensive risk assessment methodology that has emerged over the past 10-15 years.

Principles for Evaluating Health Risks in Children Associated with Exposure to Chemicals

Author : Germaine Buck Louis
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924157237X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles for Evaluating Health Risks in Children Associated with Exposure to Chemicals by : Germaine Buck Louis

Download or read book Principles for Evaluating Health Risks in Children Associated with Exposure to Chemicals written by Germaine Buck Louis and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conclusions, and recommendations -- Introduction and background -- Unique biological characteristics of children -- Developmental stage-specific susceptibilities and outcomes in children -- Exposure assessment of children -- Methodologies to assess health outcomes in children -- Implications and strategies for risk assessment for children.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070864
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Drinking Water and Health,

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309036879
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Drinking Water and Health, by : National Research Council

Download or read book Drinking Water and Health, written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

Author : Ramesh C. Gupta
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128042400
Total Pages : 1460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology by : Ramesh C. Gupta

Download or read book Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology written by Ramesh C. Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and authoritative resource that provides the latest literature on this complex subject with a primary focus on three core components—parent, placenta, and fetus—and the continuous changes that occur in each. Enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of reproductive toxicology, this revised and updated resource addresses the totality of the subject, discussing a broad range of topics, including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, and metals, amongst others. With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only available reference to connect the three key risk stages, also including discussions on reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife. Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field, the book is an essential resource for advanced students and researchers in toxicology, as well as biologists, pharmacologists, and teratologists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. Provides a complete, up-to-date, integrated source of information on the key risk stages during reproduction and development Includes new chapters covering significant developments, such as dose-response assessment for developmental toxicity, juvenile toxicity, and neural tube defects, as well as emerging science, such as stem cell application, toxicoproteomics, metabolomics, endocrine disruption, surveillance and regulatory considerations, and risk assessment Offers diverse and unique in vitro and in vivo toxicity models for reproductive and developmental toxicity testing in a user-friendly format that assists in comparative analysis

Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309168708
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD's interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3

Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102839
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated solvent widely used as a degreasing agent in industrial and manufacturing settings. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in making other chemicals and is a component of products such as typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. In 2001, EPA issued a draft health risk assessment and proposed exposure standards for trichloroethylene. PA's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the draft and it was issued for public comment. A number of scientific issues were raised during the course of these reviews. Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene identifies and assesses the key scientific issues relevant to analyzing the human health risks of trichloroethylene, considering pertinent toxicologic, epidemiologic, population susceptibility, and other available information, including relevant published scientific literature, EPA's 2001 draft health risk assessment of trichloroethylene, scientific and technical comments received by EPA from public and private sources, and additional relevant information to be provided by the sponsoring agencies. This report highlights issues critical to the development of an objective, realistic, and scientifically balanced trichloroethylene health risk assessment. Guidance for hazard characterization of trichloroethylene is presented in Chapters 2 through 10. Chapter 2 provides guidance for evaluating large sets of epidemiologic data. In Chapter 3, the committee applies this guidance as an example in its evaluation of the epidemiologic data on trichloroethylene and kidney cancer, and this example should help guide evaluations of other cancer risks. Chapter 3 also assesses new information on the kidney toxicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites and potential modes of action. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 evaluate the key issues regarding liver toxicity and cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory tract toxicity and cancer, and immunotoxicity, respectively. However, the committee's review focused on mode-of-action information to understand how trichloroethylene might affect certain processes differently in different species. Chapter 9 discusses susceptibility to trichloroethylene and its metabolites, and Chapter 10 describes important factors in considering trichloroethylene in mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are evaluated in Chapter 11, and guidance is provided on future directions for model development. Finally, Chapter 12 considers issues related to dose-response assessment and quantitative assessment of risk.

Current Epidemiological Evidence Versus Experimental Data on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Pesticides

Author : Tatjana Vergieva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789549092417
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Epidemiological Evidence Versus Experimental Data on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Pesticides by : Tatjana Vergieva

Download or read book Current Epidemiological Evidence Versus Experimental Data on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Pesticides written by Tatjana Vergieva and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews epidemiological and experimental datas well as methodological issues pertinent ot the evaluation of the studies exploring the risk of prenatal toxicity associated with parental exposure to pesticides. The following main relevant factors to be considered when planning research in the field have been listed: pesticides should not be regarded as a homogenous group of chemical agents, their levels in environment are very low (except due to misuse and accidents) and the adverse health effects to be expected would be of low severity and of low incidence, as with other chemicals (drugs for example), level and timing of exposure are major determinant. A special attention is given to the lack of biological plausibility and relevant data to support epidemiological findings about a higher risk of male mediated development toxicity.