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Ethics And Newborn Genetic Screening
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Book Synopsis Ethics and Newborn Genetic Screening by : Mary Ann Baily
Download or read book Ethics and Newborn Genetic Screening written by Mary Ann Baily and published by . This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: D., University of Washington--Mary Anderlik Majumder, Baylor College of Medicine "American Journal of Human Genetics"
Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics by : Anna C. Mastroianni
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics written by Anna C. Mastroianni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disasters and cholera outbreaks. Ebola, SARS, and concerns over pandemic flu. HIV and AIDS. E. coli outbreaks from contaminated produce and fast foods. Threats of bioterrorism. Contamination of compounded drugs. Vaccination refusals and outbreaks of preventable diseases. These are just some of the headlines from the last 30-plus years highlighting the essential roles and responsibilities of public health, all of which come with ethical issues and the responsibilities they create. Public health has achieved extraordinary successes. And yet these successes also bring with them ethical tension. Not all public health successes are equally distributed in the population; extraordinary health disparities between rich and poor still exist. The most successful public health programs sometimes rely on policies that, while improving public health conditions, also limit individual rights. Public health practitioners and policymakers face these and other questions of ethics routinely in their work, and they must navigate their sometimes competing responsibilities to the health of the public with other important societal values such as privacy, autonomy, and prevailing cultural norms. This Oxford Handbook provides a sweeping and comprehensive review of the current state of public health ethics, addressing these and numerous other questions. Taking account of the wide range of topics under the umbrella of public health and the ethical issues raised by them, this volume is organized into fifteen sections. It begins with two sections that discuss the conceptual foundations, ethical tensions, and ethical frameworks of and for public health and how public health does its work. The thirteen sections that follow examine the application of public health ethics considerations and approaches across a broad range of public health topics. While chapters are organized into topical sections, each chapter is designed to serve as a standalone contribution. The book includes 73 chapters covering many topics from varying perspectives, a recognition of the diversity of the issues that define public health ethics in the U.S. and globally. This Handbook is an authoritative and indispensable guide to the state of public health ethics today.
Book Synopsis Saving Babies? by : Stefan Timmermans
Download or read book Saving Babies? written by Stefan Timmermans and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: the consequences of newborn screening -- The expansion of newborn screening -- Patients-in-waiting -- Shifting disease ontologies -- Is my baby normal? -- The limits of prevention -- Does expanded newborn screening save lives? -- Conclusion: the future of expanded newborn screening
Book Synopsis The Genetic Testing of Children by : Angus Clarke
Download or read book The Genetic Testing of Children written by Angus Clarke and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by a leading geneticist, examines the ethical and social issues raised by the genetic testing of children. The opinions of geneticists, ethicists and affected families are all included to give a balanced view of this controversial field. Issues covered include confidentiality, potential abuses of genetic information (eg the use of test results by insurance companies) and the value of predictive genetic testing. The aim of the book is to improve awareness of the complexity of the issues raised and provide suggestions as to how the discussions must develop - it therefore raises new questions as well as answering those that already exist.
Book Synopsis How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? by : Samiran Nundy
Download or read book How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? written by Samiran Nundy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-23 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Bioethics by : Mohammed Ali Al-Bar
Download or read book Contemporary Bioethics written by Mohammed Ali Al-Bar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.
Book Synopsis Newborn Screening for Pompe Disease by : Wuh-Liang Hwu
Download or read book Newborn Screening for Pompe Disease written by Wuh-Liang Hwu and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, in its most severe form results in a rapidly progressive, neonatal-onset skeletal and cardiomyopathy, leading to early infantile death without treatment. The development of treatment with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy radically transformed the clinical trajectory of those affected, enabling long-term ventilator-free survival with resolution of cardiomyopathy. These positive clinical outcomes resulted in the implementation of newborn screening programs for Pompe disease across the world. This Special Issue highlights some of the experiences of Pompe screening programs worldwide and discusses public policy and ethical issues elicited by presymptomatic screening for Pompe disease.
Book Synopsis Genetic Screening of Newborns by : Carlos Valverde
Download or read book Genetic Screening of Newborns written by Carlos Valverde and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at genetic screening of new-borns and the ethical principles that guide this practice. The majority of babies born in the U.S. each year undergo screening soon after birth to identify genetic defects that could cause serious illness if left undetected and untreated. The goal is to detect diseases as early as possible so that timely, effective treatment can be initiated even before the onset of symptoms. In most states, new-born screening is now mandated by law. Of the approximately four million babies screened each year, about 5,000 are identified as having serious heritable disorders, most of which are, in varying degrees, amenable to treatment. For more than 40 years, the moral focus of new-born screening has been what is good for the infant. However, as more and more disorders have been added to state new-born screening programs, the traditional ethical principles of screening have been called into question. This aim of this study is to foster public awareness of the practice of new-born screening, the ethical principles that have guided it until now, and the ethical problems posed by its current and future expansion. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
Book Synopsis Neonatal Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism by : H. Bickel
Download or read book Neonatal Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism written by H. Bickel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although neonatal screening was begun only 20 years ago, and is consequently still in its early stages, it is already a classic example of efficient preventive pediatrics. At present, routine neonatal screening covering a satisfactory percentage of newborn babies is carried out in only a small part ofthe world. For some five diseases enough infants have been screened to give reasonably reliable information about the frequency of these diseases in various populations. Interesting differences are beginning to appear in popula tions of different ethnic and racial background. The medical importance of neonatal screening is especially obvious in metabolic diseases that are not too rare and for which effective treatment depends upon an early diagnosis, such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and - a more recent screening pro gram - hypothyroidism. About 1 of 4000 newborns is affected with hypothyroidism and can receive timely substitution with thyroid hormone. Of 34.5 million babies tested for phenylketonuria, 3000 cases have been diagnosed in time to prevent mental retardation by means of dietary therapy.
Download or read book Genetics written by Lori B. Andrews and published by West Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the revised edition of the casebook, Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy, which has been used successfully in law schools in both the seminar and course context. It is authored by three of the nation's leading experts on genetic ethics, law and policy. Students enjoy the course because of the topicality of the subjects, many of which they hear about in the news (gene discoveries, embryo stem cell research). Faculty members enjoy teaching from the book because of the excellent teaching manual and because they can link it to other topics ? the casebook covers issues in health law, employment law, insurance law, criminal law, family law, and other fields. The casebook is supplemented regularly on the TWEN website, so that it is always current. A background in genetics is not required for either students or teachers. The casebook and teachers? manual are written so that the casebook can be used for undergraduate courses or courses for the health professions, for public health, or for public policy.
Book Synopsis Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics by : Onora O'Neill
Download or read book Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics written by Onora O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-04-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues against the conceptions of individual autonomy which are widely relied on in bioethics.
Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society
Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.
Author :Australia. Law Reform Commission Publisher :Sydney : Australian Law Reform Commission ISBN 13 :9780642732118 Total Pages :441 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Protection of Human Genetic Information by : Australia. Law Reform Commission
Download or read book Protection of Human Genetic Information written by Australia. Law Reform Commission and published by Sydney : Australian Law Reform Commission. This book was released on 2001 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 13. Law enforcement issues
Book Synopsis Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular.
Book Synopsis Preterm Birth by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.
Book Synopsis Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights by : Erik Parens
Download or read book Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights written by Erik Parens and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As prenatal tests proliferate, the medical and broader communities perceive that such testing is a logical extension of good prenatal care—it helps parents have healthy babies. But prenatal tests have been criticized by the disability rights community, which contends that advances in science should be directed at improving their lives, not preventing them. Used primarily to decide to abort a fetus that would have been born with mental or physical impairments, prenatal tests arguably reinforce discrimination against and misconceptions about people with disabilities. In these essays, people on both sides of the issue engage in an honest and occasionally painful debate about prenatal testing and selective abortion. The contributors include both people who live with and people who theorize about disabilities, scholars from the social sciences and humanities, medical geneticists, genetic counselors, physicians, and lawyers. Although the essayists don't arrive at a consensus over the disability community's objections to prenatal testing and its consequences, they do offer recommendations for ameliorating some of the problems associated with the practice.
