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Estimating The Influence Of Financial Aid On Student Retention
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Book Synopsis Estimating the Influence of Financial Aid on Student Retention by : Serge Herzog
Download or read book Estimating the Influence of Financial Aid on Student Retention written by Serge Herzog and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest limitation in establishing causality in observational studies on the effect of financial aid is the presence of endogeneity or selection bias associated with aid status. To control for this statistical confoundedness that besets the research corpus to date, this study estimates the effect of financial aid on freshmen retention at a moderately selective, public university using propensity score-matching in multi-stage regression analyses. The correlational pattern that emerged from twenty-four logit models suggests higher-income students accrue a retention benefit from financial aid, unlike low-income students, net of first-year academic experience and type and amount of aid received. Conversely, retention of low-income freshmen is more likely due to academic performance compared to those from high-income background. Findings on the effect of aid are consistent with the economics of moral hazard and unobservable behavior. (Contains 6 footnotes, 8 tables, and 2 figures.).
Book Synopsis Financial Counseling by : Dorothy B. Durband
Download or read book Financial Counseling written by Dorothy B. Durband and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This text is a valuable new resource that we recommend for all of our professionals and are proud to incorporate as part of our AFC® certification program. With expertise representing the breadth and depth of the financial counseling profession, the content in this text provides you with a rigorous foundation of knowledge, considers critical theoretical models, and explores foundational skills of communication, self-awareness, and bias. This type of comprehensive approach aligns with our mission and vision—providing you with the foundational knowledge to meet clients where they are across the financial life-cycle and impact long-term financial capability." -Rebecca Wiggins, Executive Director, AFCPE® (Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education®) This timely volume presents a comprehensive overview of financial counseling skills in accessible, practical detail for readers throughout the career span. Expert financial counselors, educators, and researchers refer to classic and current theories for up-to-date instruction on building long-term client competence, working with clients of diverse backgrounds, addressing problem financial behavior, and approaching sensitive topics. From these core components, readers have a choice of integrated frameworks for guiding clients in critical areas of financial decision-making. This essential work: · Offers an introduction to financial counseling as a practice and profession · Discusses the challenges of working in financial counseling · Explores the elements of the client/counselor relationship · Compares delivery systems and practice models · Features effective tools and resources used in financial counseling · Encourages counselor ethics, preparedness, and self-awareness A standout in professional development references, Financial Counseling equips students and new professionals to better understand this demanding field, and offers seasoned veterans a robust refresher course in current best practices.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Effect of Financial Aid Offers on College Enrollment by : Wilbert van der Klaauw
Download or read book Estimating the Effect of Financial Aid Offers on College Enrollment written by Wilbert van der Klaauw and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important problem faced by colleges and universities, that of evaluating the effect of their financial aid offers on student enrollment decisions, is complicated by the likely endogeneity of the aid offer variable in a student enrollment equation. This article shows how discontinuities in an East Coast college's aid assignment rule can be exploited to obtain credible estimates of the aid effect without having to rely on arbitrary exclusion restrictions and functional form assumptions. Semiparametric estimates based on a regression-discontinuity (RD) approach affirm the importance of financial aid as an effective instrument in competing with other colleges for students.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Effect of Federal Financial Aid on Higher Education by : Judith Ann Li
Download or read book Estimating the Effect of Federal Financial Aid on Higher Education written by Judith Ann Li and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Quasi-experimental Estimate of the Impact of Financial Aid on College-going by : Thomas J. Kane
Download or read book A Quasi-experimental Estimate of the Impact of Financial Aid on College-going written by Thomas J. Kane and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although state and federal governments heavily subsidize the price of college, estimates of the impact of these subsidies on college enrollment have not been well-identified. I use a regression discontinuity design to study the impact of the CalGrant program in California on college going. Eligibility requires students to meet minimum thresholds on three characteristics: income, assets and high school Grade Point Average. Because there are several dimensions of eligibility, the analysis allows for specification tests, estimating any discontinuities along a given dimension of eligibility, dependent upon whether one satisfied the other two dimensions of eligibility. The paper uses a novel data collection strategy to measure subsequent college enrollment for 150,000 financial aid applicants in 1998 and 1999. The results suggest large impacts (3 to 4 percentage points) of grant eligibility on college enrollment among financial aid applicants, with larger impacts on the choice of private four-year colleges in California.
Book Synopsis Impact of Need-Based Financial Aid on Student Persistence at Public Institutions by : William R. Doyle
Download or read book Impact of Need-Based Financial Aid on Student Persistence at Public Institutions written by William R. Doyle and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We take advantage of a unique program design to estimate the effect of financial aid on first-to-second year persistence. In Tennessee, need-based financial aid is given to eligible students on a first-come, first-served basis, based on when the student files the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Using a regression-discontinuity design, we compare the persistence among eligible students who received need-based aid in the first and second years of college with eligible students who failed to to apply before the undisclosed cutoff date in the second year. Students at the University of Tennessee who retained their financial aid were 9.5 percentage points more likely to persist than students who lost their financial aid.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Value of Higher Education Financial Aid by : Christian Belzil
Download or read book Estimating the Value of Higher Education Financial Aid written by Christian Belzil and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from a Canadian field experiment on the financial barriers to higher education, we estimate the distribution of the value of financial aid for prospective students. We find that a considerable share of prospective students perceive significant credit constraints. Most of the individuals are willing to pay a sizable interest premium above the prevailing market rate for the option to take up a loan, with a median interest rate wedge equal to 6.8 percentage points for a $1,000 loan. The willingness-to-pay for financial aid is highly heterogeneous across students, with preferences and in particular discount factors playing a key role in accounting for this variation.
Book Synopsis Methodological Advances and Issues in Studying College Impact by : Nicholas A. Bowman
Download or read book Methodological Advances and Issues in Studying College Impact written by Nicholas A. Bowman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which curricular and cocurricular practices promote student learning and persistence? While most research and assessment on college student outcomes offers limited insight into causal effects, this volume provides strong evidence of the impact of college on students. The first section discusses statistical analyses that offer more accurate estimates of the causal effect of a particular student experience, such as receiving a need-based scholarship or using academic support services. Providing an overview of the analytical framework, it also includes real-world examples to illustrate implementation for institutional researchers. The second section includes original research to enhance the value of student surveys, including: • aspects of questionnaire design and techniques to cope with item nonresponse, • variation in respondent effort, • interpretation of student self-reported gains, and • practical insights to improve survey-based research. This is the 161st volume of this Jossey-Bass quarterly report series. Timely and comprehensive, New Directions for Institutional Research provides planners and administrators in all types of academic institutions with guidelines in such areas as resource coordination, information analysis, program evaluation, and institutional management.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Tuition and Student Financial Aid on Persistence in Public Four-year Colleges and Universities by : Kyungseok Kang
Download or read book The Effects of Tuition and Student Financial Aid on Persistence in Public Four-year Colleges and Universities written by Kyungseok Kang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early & Often written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining the Effects of a Need-based Grant Offer by : Alex Jordan Schmidt
Download or read book Examining the Effects of a Need-based Grant Offer written by Alex Jordan Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A longstanding question in the sociology of education and social stratification literatures is how best to promote success for the most disadvantaged students. This dissertation contributes to the discussion by assessing the role of financial aid on persistence and degree completion for low-income college students. The vast majority of the literature in this area relies on observational data to disentangle causal effects from confounding background characteristics. In this study, I use up to seven cohorts of administrative data from one of the only large-scale randomized experiments of need-based aid offers, the Fund for Wisconsin Scholars (FFWS), to estimate effects on Pell-eligible Wisconsin college students' educational attainment and to explore variation in these effects. Offer recipients are eligible to receive up to $4,000 every year to supplement the grant aid that low-income students typically receive (e.g., Pell Grants). I find only limited effects of the FFWS offers on low-income students' educational attainment. In Chapter 1, I estimate that offer recipients at four-year colleges are 1.7 percentage points more likely to persist until their second year. The effects on six-year bachelor's degree completion for this group of students is 1.5 percentage points, but not statistically significant. Among two-year college students, I find no statistically significant evidence of effects on persistence, degree completions, and transfers. The estimated treatment-on-the-treated effects of receiving FFWS grant funds in the first semester are only slightly larger than the above-mentioned intention-to-treat effects. In addition, I fail to find statistically significant evidence of heterogeneities in the FFWS offer effects. In Chapter 1, there is no statistically significant evidence of variation by cohort, race, gender, SNAP receipt, and two-year college type. In Chapter 2, I use machine learning strategies (causal trees and causal forests) to estimate individual treatment effects based on characteristics related to financial need and sense of belonging at college. Although there is some indication that effects on persistence may vary by family income and unmet need (for two-year college students), I find no statistically significant evidence of heterogeneity. In Chapter 3, I use conventional machine learning techniques to select a predictive model of college dropout. Estimating FFWS offer effects by predicted risk of dropout, I find the largest effects among the students at highest risk. Again, however, there is no statistically significant evidence that this variation is non-zero. Overall, my work provides evidence of only small effects of FFWS financial aid offers, and only on persistence for four-year college students. These results suggest that much more work is required to fully understand the causal effects of need-based financial aid on educational attainment: What are the returns to each dollar of aid? How much aid is necessary to yield impacts on persistence and degree completion? And after what point, if any, are there diminishing returns to financial aid? These results additionally emphasize that finances do not singularly determine students' persistence in college. Future research on interventions designed to assist low-income college students may benefit from further assessing the effects of jointly providing both financial aid and academic support services.
Book Synopsis Aiding Or Dissuading? by : Zachary A. Mabel
Download or read book Aiding Or Dissuading? written by Zachary A. Mabel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The returns to higher education have increased dramatically in recent decades with the rise of the global, knowledge-based economy. Research shows that the college earnings premium has increased more than 10 percent over the last fifteen years and that the returns to college are concentrated among completers. Despite these benefits, many students who attend college are withdrawing without experiencing the full returns on their investment. For decades financial aid has been a widely utilized policy tool to support college access and attainment, however, given the size of the subsidies and the troubling outcomes of college enrollees, understanding how financial aid impacts student progress to degree completion is critical. In this paper, the author sheds light on an important design consideration of need-based aid programs: "the length of time for which grants should be made available." The findings contribute to the existing literature by estimating the late stage persistence and graduation effects of maintaining eligibility for aid as students near completion. Tables and figures are appended.
Book Synopsis Impact of financial aid on student retention by : Linda Venita Brown
Download or read book Impact of financial aid on student retention written by Linda Venita Brown and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Financial Aid on Student Enrollment Decisions by : Linda Siefert
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Financial Aid on Student Enrollment Decisions written by Linda Siefert and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, many institutions of higher education have experienced admissions-related problems due to fluctuations in student enrollment and the increasing need for institutional financial aid. Because of this, administrators need tools that can help them modify policy as the market changes. The purpose of this research was to develop a tool for a private, more selective institution that would answer the following questions: (1) what is the probability of enrollment for each admitted student, and (2) how would changes in the financial aid package affect this probability? The model in this research was based on both economic theory and the results of other empirical work, and was refined through statistical analysis. Its goal was to develop the best predictive model using the data collected by the institution and available to it at the time admission and financial aid decisions are made. The methodology was carried out in three steps. First, an enrollment probability model was estimated using three years (1998-2000) of admissions data from the institution, using both logistic and probit regression. The model included a unique set of explanatory variables, including religious affiliation and distance from home, showing the ease at which institutions can look at the variables that are important for their goals, policies, and practices. The second step was a tem poral validation against additional data. The model was tested for predictive accuracy against the admissions data for 2001. After rerunning the model for all four years, the final step in the methodology was to simulate the effects on enrollment of various changes in the tuition and financial aid policy, and to calculate price sensitivity. The results of this study, for the most part, confirm ed economic theory and general empirical findings. The signs and significance of most coefficients were as expected. A unique finding was that a linear, constantly decreasing functional form for net price was not the best fit for the data. Rather, a cubic relationship between net price and enrollment probability provided a better fit. Classification accuracy within each model and predictive accuracy for 2001 were all near 70%. Sensitivity to price was calculated differently in this research than in other existing research. Due to mathematical shortcom ings discussed in the study, delta-Ps and student price response coefficients (SPRC) were not used. Rather, sensitivity to a $1,000 decrease in net price was calculated for each student. The mean sensitivity to a $1,000 decrease in net price was .02. That is, on average, a $1,000 decrease in net price increased the probability of enrollment by 2%, for example, from 20% to 22%. The results of the present study are lower than most existing research, which is consistent with the discussions in the field that statistics such as delta-Ps and SPRCs, calculated only at the mean, can overestimate sensitivity. The im plication for policy makers is that they need to look at specific students, or groups of similar students, when estimating the effect of policy decisions, and not rely solely on an average estimate. This research not only provided such price sensitivities for students with various characteristics of interest to the institution, but also provided the institution with a tool to use with each entering class of freshman.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Need-Based Aid on College Enrollment and Success Among Low-Income Students by : Mary K. Feeney
Download or read book The Effects of Need-Based Aid on College Enrollment and Success Among Low-Income Students written by Mary K. Feeney and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: States are increasingly concerned about higher education spending and determining whether they are getting their “money's worth” from financial aid programs. Researchers have documented correlations between financial aid and college persistence (St. John 1991), finding that grants increase persistence (Bettinger 2004), scholarships have a larger effect on retention than grants, and that all forms of financial aid increase student outcomes (Avery & Hoxby 2004; DesJardins et al. 2002). Unfortunately most financial aid research focuses on students enrolled in 4-year colleges and comparing students across high, medium, and low SES. Moreover, most research on persistence and retention is focused on persistence at individual colleges and universities and does not focus on system wide persistence and degree completion (Adelman 1999). There is little research investigating the affects of financial aid among low-SES students and even less investigating the ways in which need-based financial aid affects student outcomes for low-income students. Using FAFSA data from 2003-04 Illinois college-bound students and longitudinal data from the Illinois Monetary Assistance Program and National Student Clearinghouse data, we investigate the relationships between need-based financial aid and college enrollment, persistence, and completion among low-income students. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which these results can inform policy aiming to increase college attendance and lower attrition among low-income students.
Book Synopsis How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education by : Jeffrey R. Brown
Download or read book How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education written by Jeffrey R. Brown and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent financial crisis had a profound effect on both public and private universities. Universities responded to these stresses in different ways. This volume presents new evidence on the nature of these responses and how the incentives and constraints facing different institutions affected their behavior.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Financial Aid on Student Persistence in a Two-year Institution by : W. Jean Kelley
Download or read book The Effect of Financial Aid on Student Persistence in a Two-year Institution written by W. Jean Kelley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
