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Author : N. Yaduma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Estimating Mortality and Economic Costs of Particulate Air Pollution in Developing Countries written by N. Yaduma and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818169
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book The Global Health Cost of PM2.5 Air Pollution written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, air pollution from fine particulate matter caused 6.4 million premature deaths and 93 billion days lived with illness in 2019. Over the past decade, the toll of ambient air pollution has continued to rise. Air pollution’s significant health, social, and economic effects compel the World Bank to support client countries in addressing air pollution as a core development challenge. This publication estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1 percent of global GDP. People in low- and middle-income countries are most affected by mortality and morbidity from air pollution. The death rate associated with air pollution is significantly higher in low-and lower-middle income countries than in high-income countries. This publication further develops the evidence base for air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air pollution’s global economic costs. The analyses presented here build on previous cost estimates by the Bank and its partners, as well as on more comprehensive air-quality data from monitoring stations in many cities across the world. By providing monetary estimates of air pollution’s health damages, this publication aims to support policy makers and decision-makers in client countries in prioritizing air pollution amid competing development challenges. Its findings build a robust economic case to invest scarce budgetary resources in the design and implementation of policies and interventions for improving air quality. Such investments will deliver benefits for societies at large, and particularly for vulnerable groups. This publication builds a strong case for scaling up investments for air pollution control in low-and middle-income countries.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264257470
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)
Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Author : Gordon McGranahan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136571841
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution and Health in Rapidly Developing Countries written by Gordon McGranahan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In developing countries the price of rapid growth is all too often noxious airborne pollution, which annually contributes to a disturbing number of avoidable deaths. In recent decades, however, there has been considerable progress in the epidemiology of air pollution, significant changes in international air pollution guidelines, and the emergence of more systematic approaches to air pollution control. While many of these advances have originated in affluent countries, there have been major developments in other parts of the world. In this book, a distinguished cast of leading researchers in both the scientific and policy dimensions of air pollution and health have synthesized the recent developments in the field and their relevance for public health in developing countries. The authors review studies from a wide range of Asian, African and Latin American countries and contrast the findings with those from Europe and North America. They also describe various tools and systems for air pollution management and emphasize approaches that can be used when data is scarce. With a clear focus on the scientific and technical aspects of air pollution and health, this book is essential reading for pollution and health policy-makers, researchers and others concerned with air pollution and health in developing countries.
Author : Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240034226
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)
Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Author : Maureen Cropper
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book The Health Effects of Air Pollution in Delhi, India written by Maureen Cropper and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate air pollution has less overall impact on nontraumatic deaths in Delhi, India, than in U.S. cities. But the deaths occur earlier in life in Delhi, which could mean a larger loss in life-years.Cropper, Simon, Alberini, and Sharma report the results of a time-series study of the impact of particulate air pollution on daily mortality in Delhi. They find:A positive, significant relationship between particulate pollution and daily nontraumatic deaths as well as deaths from certain causes (respiratory and cardiovascular problems) and for certain age groups.In general, these impacts are smaller than those estimated for other countries, where on average a 100-microgram increase in total suspended particulates (TSP) leads to a 6-percent increase in nontraumatic mortality. In Delhi, such an increase in TSP is associated with a 2.3-percent increase in deaths.The differences in magnitudes of the effects are most likely explained by differences in distributions of age at death and cause of death, as most deaths in Delhi occur before the age of 65 and are not attributed to causes with a strong association with air pollution.Although air pollution seems to have less impact on mortality counts in Delhi, the number of life-years saved per death avoided is greater in Delhi than in U.S. cities-because the age distribution of impacts in these two places varies. In the United States particulates have the greatest influence on daily deaths among persons 65 and older. In Delhi, they have the greatest impact in the 15-to-44 age group. That means that for each death associated with air pollution, on average more life-years would be saved in Delhi than in the United States.Large differences in the magnitude of effects do call into question the validity of the concentration-response transfer procedure. In that procedure, concentration-response relationships found for industrial countries are applied to cities in developing countries with little or no adjustment, to estimate the effects of pollution on daily mortality.This paper-a product of Development Economics Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the benefits and costs of pollution control. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Measuring the Health Effects of Air Pollution in Developing Countries: The Case of Delhi, India (RPO 679-96). Maureen Cropper may be contacted at [email protected].
Author :
Publisher : Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
ISBN 13 : 9789264210424
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (14 download)
Download or read book The Cost of Air Pollution written by and published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)
Download or read book The Cost of Air Pollution in Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Indoor Pollutants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses pollution from tobacco smoke, radon and radon progeny, asbestos and other fibers, formaldehyde, indoor combustion, aeropathogens and allergens, consumer products, moisture, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, odors, radioactivity, and dirt and discusses means of controlling or eliminating them.
Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030311252
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.
Author : A. M. Gowers
Publisher : Gwasg y Bwthyn
ISBN 13 : 9780859517539
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Estimating Local Mortality Burdens Associated with Particulate Air Pollution written by A. M. Gowers and published by Gwasg y Bwthyn. This book was released on 2014 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maoyong Fan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Beyond Particulate Matter written by Maoyong Fan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally surging demand for electricity increases coal consumption and sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution. However, the causal evidence of the effects of SO2 pollution on health is scarce, especially in developing countries. We leverage a large national environmental policy implemented to reduce SO2 emissions in China to estimate the impacts of SO2 on mortality. We find that 1-ug/m3 reduction in SO2 concentrations leads to 1.9 fewer deaths per 100,000 children under 5 years old (1.2% decrease) and 21 fewer cardiorespiratory deaths per 100,000 people aged 60 years and above (1.1% decrease) annually. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the total health benefits of the environmental policy outweigh its economic costs. The results are consistent across various robustness checks.
Author : Shanthi Nataraj
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833083996
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Links Between Air Quality and Economic Growth written by Shanthi Nataraj and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses what evidence exists for the ways in which local air quality could influence local economic growth and how those effects might be relevant to the Pittsburgh region.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309167868
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Air Quality Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-08-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.
Author : Shunsuke Managi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351002066
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Inclusive Wealth Report 2018 written by Shunsuke Managi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time.
Author : Tatyana Deryugina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (962 download)
Download or read book The Mortality and Medical Costs of Air Pollution written by Tatyana Deryugina and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: We estimate the effect of acute air pollution exposure on mortality, life-years lost, and health care utilization among the US elderly. We address endogeneity and measurement error using a novel instrument for air pollution that strongly predicts changes in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) concentrations: changes in the local wind direction. Using detailed administrative data on the universe of Medicare beneficiaries, we find that an increase in daily PM 2.5 concentrations increases three-day county-level mortality, hospitalizations, and inpatient spending, and that these effects are not explained by co-transported pollutants like ozone and carbon monoxide. We then develop a new methodology to estimate the number of life-years lost due to PM 2.5. Our estimate is much smaller than one calculated using traditional methods, which do not adequately account for the relatively low life expectancy of those killed by pollution. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that life-years lost due to PM 2.5 varies inversely with individual life expectancy, indicating that unhealthy individuals are disproportionately vulnerable to air pollution. However, the largest aggregate burden is borne by those with medium life expectancy, who are both vulnerable and comprise a large share of the elderly population
Author : Stacey Frederick
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818045
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book From Jobs to Careers written by Stacey Frederick and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An oft-cited strategy to advance economic development is to further integrate developing countries into global trade, particularly through global value chains, bolstered by the expansion of female-intensive industries to bring more women into the formal labor force. As a result, a frequent debate centers on whether the apparel industry--the most female-intensive and globally engaged manufacturing industry--can be a key player in this strategy. In recent decades, the apparel industry has shifted production to low-wage developing countries, increasing the demand for women, closing male-female wage gaps, and bringing women into the formal labor force from agriculture and informal work. But is an apparel-led export strategy sufficient to induce a broader transition from jobs women do to survive to careers promising stable employment and a sense of identity? 'From Jobs to Careers' answers this question by focusing on seven countries where apparel plays a vital role in their export baskets--Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Vietnam. It finds that the apparel industry indeed can serve as a launching pad to bring more women into the labor market. For this approach to work, however, complementary policies must tackle the barriers that hinder women's pursuit of long-term workforce participation and better-paid occupations. Key policy recommendations include increasing the participation of female production workers in export-oriented apparel manufacturing and associated industries, upgrading within manufacturing-related industries, boosting access to education, and breaking glass ceilings. The report also seeks to shift the paradigm of how we think of women in the labor force by stressing the importance of their transition from jobs to careers--the so-called 'quiet revolution.'
