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Estimating Bird Bat Fatality Rates And Using Stable Hydrogen Isotopes To Assess Hoary Bat Migratory Patterns Associated With A Wind Energy Facility In Western Oklahoma
Download Estimating Bird Bat Fatality Rates And Using Stable Hydrogen Isotopes To Assess Hoary Bat Migratory Patterns Associated With A Wind Energy Facility In Western Oklahoma full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Estimating Bird Bat Fatality Rates And Using Stable Hydrogen Isotopes To Assess Hoary Bat Migratory Patterns Associated With A Wind Energy Facility In Western Oklahoma ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Estimating Bird/bat Fatality Rates and Using Stable-hydrogen Isotopes to Assess Hoary Bat Migratory Patterns Associated with a Wind-energy Facility in Western Oklahoma by : Elizabeth Ann Burba
Download or read book Estimating Bird/bat Fatality Rates and Using Stable-hydrogen Isotopes to Assess Hoary Bat Migratory Patterns Associated with a Wind-energy Facility in Western Oklahoma written by Elizabeth Ann Burba and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bird and Bat Movement Patterns and Mortality at the Montezuma Hills Wind Resource Area by : Dave S. Johnston
Download or read book Bird and Bat Movement Patterns and Mortality at the Montezuma Hills Wind Resource Area written by Dave S. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities by : William Warren-Hicks
Download or read book Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities written by William Warren-Hicks and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects by : National Research Council
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and plan proposed wind-energy projects is lacking. Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects offers an analysis of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of wind energy, along with an evaluation guide to aid decision-making about projects. It includes a case study of the mid-Atlantic highlands, a mountainous area that spans parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. This book will inform policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels.
Book Synopsis Statewide Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Birds and Bats from Wind Energy Development by :
Download or read book Statewide Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Birds and Bats from Wind Energy Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing the Influence of Landscape Characteristics on Bat Fatalities at South Texas Wind Energy Facilities by : Houston L. Kimes
Download or read book Assessing the Influence of Landscape Characteristics on Bat Fatalities at South Texas Wind Energy Facilities written by Houston L. Kimes and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although wind energy is a viable renewable energy source, strikes by wind turbine blades unintentionally cause bat fatalities. Previous research has suggested siting of wind energy facilities, and turbine placement within facilities, influence the number of bat fatalities; however, there is a knowledge gap regarding the reasons for the variability. This study occurred in Texas, the leading producer of wind energy and home to the greatest diversity and largest colonies of bats in the United States. The objective of my thesis was to assess the influence of landscape characteristics surrounding wind energy facilities and around specific turbines on the number of bat fatalities. I systematically searched 200 wind turbines and collected 1,067 bat carcasses at Hidalgo and Los Vientos Wind Energy Facilities from 2017-2018; I found Tadarida brasiliensis (n = 577), Lasiurus intermedius (n = 203), L. ega (n = 69), Nycticeius humeralis (n = 51), L. xanthinus (n = 30), L. cinereus (n = 18), L. blossevilli (n = 2) Myotis velifer (n = 2), Nyctinomops macrotis (n = 1), Perimyotis subflavus (n = 1), and unknown spp. (n = 113). I used Fragstats and ArcGIS Pro to acquire landscape metrics at the two facilities and among the 100 wind turbines at each facility at multiple scales (100 m, 500 m, 1 km, 5 km, and 25 km). Landscape characteristics included landcover types such as barren, crops, herbaceous, developed, shrub/scrub, hay/pasture, forest, wetlands, and open water, proximity to water sources, elevation and degree of slope. Using generalized linear models, zero-inflated and negative binomial models, and AIC model selection, results indicate that landscape characteristics at the broadest scale (5 km and 25 km) examined were most strongly associated with estimated bat fatality rates. I suggest wind farms should be constructed in areas that consist of uniform and connected habitat throughout the facility, without the presence of fragmented water sources. Managers should also implement mitigation efforts and pre/post-construction assessments to potentially reduce bat fatalities.
Book Synopsis Analytical and Statistical Methods for the Study of Movement and Conservation of Tree-roosting Bats by : Jamin G. Wieringa
Download or read book Analytical and Statistical Methods for the Study of Movement and Conservation of Tree-roosting Bats written by Jamin G. Wieringa and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a recent world-wide increase in the generation of low carbon emission wind energy to counter the impacts of climate change. Wind energy is largely generated through wind turbines. From an environmental perspective the positive impacts of these turbines in terms of reducing carbon emissions are well known. In contrast, the negative impacts of turbines such as the unintended mortality of flying organisms such as bats are less well understood. A key question is whether these impacts of increased mortality fall mainly on migratory (non-local) individuals or on geographically restricted populations in the vicinity of the wind facility. Addressing this question requires the ability to source the geographic origin of dead bats but this remains problematic. In this thesis I develop new techniques to gain this information for three species of migratory bats (Lasiurus borealis [eastern red bat], L. cinereus [hoary bat], and Lasionycteris noctivagans [silver-haired bat]) that are commonly killed at wind facilities in North America. Specifically, the first three chapters of this thesis develop novel sources of data or apply new statistical techniques to identify the geographic location of bats killed at wind facilities. The fourth chapter then applies these approaches to determine the relative portion of local versus non-local bats killed at two wind facilities in Ohio and Maryland across different seasons in multiple years. I briefly describe the content of each chapter below. In Chapter 2 entitled “Predicting migration routes for three species of migratory bats using species distribution models” I used publicly available data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to describe seasonally resolved distributions based on Species Distribution Models (SDMs) for the three species described above to infer their most likely migratory pathways. The results suggest that all three species exhibit variation in distributions from north to south depending on season, with each species showing potential migratory pathways during the fall migration that follow linear features. Finally, I describe proposed migratory pathways for these three species based on these analyses that can be used to identify stop-over sites, assess small-scale migration and highlight areas that should be prioritized for actions to reduce the effects of wind farm mortality. In Chapter 3 entitled “Using trace elements to identify the geographic origin of migratory tree-roosting bats” I used inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of fourteen trace elements in fur to generate basemaps for assignment from fur only and compared this map to publicly available soil trace element concentrations for the U.S. and Canada. I then used a probabilistic framework to generate likelihood-of-origin maps for each individual bat. We then assessed the validity of this method by seeing how well trace element profiles predicted the locations of bats of known origin. My results suggest that using trace elements allows successful assignment of individual bats 80% of the time while reducing probable locations in half. Our study supports the idea that trace elements represent a new class of biomarkers that can be used to identify the geographic origin of tree-roosting bats particularly when combined with data from other biomarkers such as genetic markers and stable isotope profiles. In Chapter 4 entitled “Evaluating the combination of isotopic, trace element, and species distribution information to source migratory bats” I evaluated assigning individuals from three bat species commonly killed at wind farms in North America (Lasiurus borealis, L. cinereus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans) to origin locations using information from three types of biomarkers: hydrogen isotopes, trace elements, and species distribution models. I used a cross-validation calibrated combined model tuning to determine the degree to which assignment probabilities improved when combining multiple datasets. I found that combining markers typically performed better than single approaches. For L. borealis and L. cinereus combining all three outperformed any single or other combined approach. With an accuracy set at 80%, when layers were combined we predicted 39.7% and 36.0% of total species range for each species, respectively, compared to isotopes alone which had values of 51.8% and 50.6%. On the other hand, for L. noctivagans, adding trace elements did not help, and adding distribution data to isotopes only improved precision by 0.6%. Based on these results I conclude that in general combining multiple biomarkers outperforms single marker approaches, but that this isn’t always the case. Overall, these results highlight the importance of validating methods for each species they are applied to and show that combining information from intrinsic biomarker approaches is a useful tool to document bat movements. Finally, in Chapter 4 entitled “Geographic source of bats killed at multiple wind power facilities in the United States” I used a combination of deuterium isotopes, trace elements and species distribution models to determine the summer geographic origins of bats killed at wind farms for three different species (Lasiurus borealis, L. cinereus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans) at two different locations (Ohio and Appalachia) in the United States. My results indicate that a substantial portion (often > 50%) of bats killed at wind facilities are from local populations when local is defined as within ~ 1000 km of a facility. There are consistent differences in the relative proportion of local vs non-local status of bats killed across species across sites but that the absolute proportion of local individuals killed was always higher at the Ohio site. These results suggest that a substantial portion of the bats killed at a given wind facility originate from local populations and are not migrants. This indicates that impacts on local bat populations may be greater than previously appreciated. My results highlight that similar studies need to be conducted across a boarder geographic scale to fully understand the impacts of wind farms on bat populations. Overall, my research has generated novel tools and approaches to understand bat movements in North America. These tools and the information generated can aid both in understanding bat movements over both small and large (migratory) scales and yield information that is useful for the conservation of these and other species of bats that are impacted by wind facilities.
Book Synopsis Using Deuterium and GARP to Estimate Geographic Extents of Source Populations of Hoary (Lasiurus Cinereus) and Eastern Red (Lasiurus Borealis) Bats Killed at a Central Illinois Wind Facility by : Rachael A. Van Essen
Download or read book Using Deuterium and GARP to Estimate Geographic Extents of Source Populations of Hoary (Lasiurus Cinereus) and Eastern Red (Lasiurus Borealis) Bats Killed at a Central Illinois Wind Facility written by Rachael A. Van Essen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proportions of isotopic extents of both bats' summer ranges revealed that the salvaged specimens came from areas that cover more than 50% of their summer ranges (hence, many populations). When males' and females' isotope extents were overlapped, Hoary bats had less than 50% overlapping of the sexes while Eastern Red bats had over 50%. Relationships among the salvage years and months were also examined. The percentage of overlap among specimen salvage years suggests that these bats utilize their complete range every summer. When each salvage month was examined, there was no evidence of a correlation between month of arrival at the wind facility and their summer geographic extent. This study shows the importance of specimens salvaged from wind facilities for studying both the population-level impacts of wind farm facilities and bat migratory biology.
Book Synopsis Origins and Migratory Patterns of Bats Killed by Wind Turbines in Southern Alberta: Evidence from Stable Isotopes by :
Download or read book Origins and Migratory Patterns of Bats Killed by Wind Turbines in Southern Alberta: Evidence from Stable Isotopes written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Not Gone with the Wind by : Zara Rae Dowling
Download or read book Not Gone with the Wind written by Zara Rae Dowling and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of coastal and offshore wind energy resources has the potential to add considerable renewable electricity capacity to the United States electrical grid, but could have detrimental impacts on wildlife. Land-based wind energy facilities are estimated to kill hundreds of thousands of bats every year in the United States, and could threaten population viability of some species. Little is known about the potential impacts of offshore wind development on bat populations along the North Atlantic coast, but a number of species are known to frequent marine islands or fly over the ocean during migration. This dissertation helps to characterize risks of offshore wind development to bats through increasing our knowledge of bat habitat use and behavior in the coastal and offshore environments of the northeastern United States. Chapter I provides a general introduction to the topics of offshore wind energy development and bat mortality at wind energy facilities. Chapter II details the first scientific survey of bat use of the offshore island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, with a focus on the federally threatened Northern Long-eared Bat. Chapter III describes bat flight behavior on and around the offshore island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Chapter IV explores the fall migratory behavior of eastern red and hoary bats radio-tagged at sites along the New England coast and tracked using an extensive network of automated telemetry stations. In Chapter V, I estimate the economic costs of curtailment as a bat fatality minimization option for a set of theoretical offshore wind energy facilities located at sites along the Eastern Seaboard.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Analyses of Bat Fur: Applications for Investigating North American Bat Migration by : Erin Elizabeth Fraser
Download or read book Stable Isotope Analyses of Bat Fur: Applications for Investigating North American Bat Migration written by Erin Elizabeth Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most North American bats undertake seasonal migrations and many aspects of bat migration are not well documented. Stable isotope analyses of animal tissues can elucidate migratory origin, but this technique has not been widely applied to bats. The objectives of this dissertation were i) to investigate North American bat migration using stable isotope analyses of fur and ii) to highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of this analytical technique when applied to bat systems. I conducted stable hydrogen (D), carbon (13C), and nitrogen (15N) isotope analyses on fur samples from five bat species. First, I documented Dfur heterogeneity in summer resident populations of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). In some species, Dfur composition varied systematically within and among individual bats, age groups, species, sites, and over time. Future investigations should standardize fur collection according to the above variables and data from multiple species should not be pooled. Bats from proximate colonies can be discriminated using multiple stable isotopes and stable isotope correlations existed in some species. Multi-isotope studies may be used to detect population mixing. Second, I investigated the origins of fall migrant L. noctivagans and L. borealis passing through an Ontario migration monitoring station. There was no stable isotope evidence that migrant L. noctivagans originated from a wide range of latitudes, or that latitudinal origin varied with time or migrant wave. Lasiurus borealis stable isotope results were variable between years and further work is required before stable isotope results can be used to draw ecological conclusions about this species. Third, I investigated the annual migratory movements of tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), a presumed regional migrant. Stable hydrogen isotope results indicated that>30% of males migrated south in the fall. Only 16% of females migrated south and their movements were shorter than the male movements. Most of the migrants were captured at the northern and southern extremes of the species' range. I concluded that these bats engage in a pattern of partial and differential latitudinal migration that has previously not been described for this species.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Bat Mortality and Activity at Buffalo Mountain Windfarm, Eastern Tennessee by :
Download or read book Assessment of Bat Mortality and Activity at Buffalo Mountain Windfarm, Eastern Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind power has grown rapidly as an alternative energy source over the last decade. Although overall environmental impacts are relatively low, impacts to bats have yet to be fully assessed. Recent studies at other windfarms suggest regional variation in mortality rates and species affected. This study took place at Tennessee Valley Authority's Buffalo Mountain Windfarm (BMW) in eastern Tennessee, currently the only commercial windfarm in the southeastern United States. Study objectives were to establish patterns of bat mortality and activity at BMW, and determine if and how they were related. Mortality monitoring consisted of regular carcass searches conducted since BMW began operation in fall of 2000 and continued through fall of 2003. The adjusted bat mortality rate of 20.82 bats/turbine/year for the three-year monitoring period was greater than the average adjusted bat mortality rate at eight other windfarms (1.7 bats/turbine/year) by over an order of magnitude, but less than half the preliminary mortality rate (47.5 bats/turbine/year) reported at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, WV for 2003. The BMW mortality rate included adjustments determined by search bias trials (n = 6), which measured searcher efficiency (37.1%) and length of time before carcasses were removed by scavengers (average 6.3 days). Average distance of fatalities from turbines was 19.9 " 2.3 m and distances of bat fatalities decreased logistically from turbines (y = 0.1223 - 0.1345 ln (x), r2 = 0.84, P = 0.0002), with zero fatalities predicted at 40.6 m; therefore, plot size of 50 m radius was deemed sufficient. Bat mortality showed a strong seasonal peak during late summer / early fall, with 70% of all bat fatalities occurring between 1 August and 15 September 2001 - 2003. A total of 119 bat fatalities were comprised of six species. Red bat (Lasiurus borealis) was the most common (63.1%), followed by eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus, 24.4%) and hoary bat (L. cinereus, 10.1%). The remaining 4.2% of bat fatalities consisted of three species: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 2), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans, n = 2), and Seminole bat (L. seminolus, n = 1). Adults were more common then juveniles (63.5% and 36.5%), and males more common than females (71.9% and 28.1%). Bat activity was monitored with Anabat bat detectors and quantified as activity indices (AI), the proportion of one-minute increments in a night that contained one or more recorded bat calls. AI's were compared across several time periods, locations, and altitudes, and compared with bat mortalities.
Download or read book Long-eared Bats written by Susan M. Swift and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2010-01-31 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-Eared Bats examines the biology, ecology and behaviour of two European bat species - Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus. This book investigates their behaviour and considers the full range of conservation issues relating to the species. Topics covered include: identifying the species, foraging, reproductive biology, social organization, and the effects of man-made alterations to the environment and proposed conservation methods.
Book Synopsis Behavior of Migratory Tree Bats in the Western Basin of Lake Erie Using Telemetry and Stable Isotope Analysis by : Shaylyn K. Hatch
Download or read book Behavior of Migratory Tree Bats in the Western Basin of Lake Erie Using Telemetry and Stable Isotope Analysis written by Shaylyn K. Hatch and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies are allowing researchers to more accurately quantify migratory movement and stopover behavior for a variety of species, including bats. Better understanding of the spatial and temporal scale of migration can inform conservation decisions related to sensitivity of particular locations for migratory species, especially in the face of ongoing development and climate change. Improved quantification of movement corridors can lead to proactive strategies for conservation by prioritizing areas that facilitate movement. Using passive and active telemetry, we were able to identify movement patterns of long distance migrants from east to west along Lake Erie's western basin and determine stopover duration for Lasiurus borealis and Lasiurus noctivagans (5.6 and 1 days respectively) during spring migration. Bats were more likely to move east to west along the shoreline of Lake Erie as opposed to flying long distances over open water. Departures of migratory bats were more likely to occur on nights with higher barometric pressure, higher dew point, and a lower wind differential (difference between wind gust and sustained wind speed). In addition, we used stable isotope analysis of bat fur to learn more about the ecology of bats captured in the western basin of Lake Erie. We determined that big brown, silver-haired, and red bats were isotopically distinct in carbon and nitrogen, while migrant and resident eastern red bats (as determined by telemetry) were not. This study adds to our knowledge of bat migration and should be useful for future decisions related to conservation and management of natural resources within the western basin of Lake Erie.
Book Synopsis Bat Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation by : Rick A. Adams
Download or read book Bat Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation written by Rick A. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the study of bats have changed the way we understand this illusive group of mammals. This volume consist of 25 chapters and 57 authors from around the globe all writing on the most recent finding on the evolution, ecology and conservation of bats. The chapters in this book are not intended to be exhaustive literature reviews, but instead extended manuscripts that bring new and fresh perspectives. Many chapters consist of previously unpublished data and are repetitive of new insights and understanding in bat evolution, ecology and conservation. All chapters were peer-reviewed and revised by the authors. Many of the chapters are multi-authored to provide comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the topics.
Book Synopsis Wildlife Study Design by : Michael L. Morrison
Download or read book Wildlife Study Design written by Michael L. Morrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed the first edition of this book because we perceived a need for a compilation on study design with application to studies of the ecology, conser- tion, and management of wildlife. We felt that the need for coverage of study design in one source was strong, and although a few books and monographs existed on some of the topics that we covered, no single work attempted to synthesize the many facets of wildlife study design. We decided to develop this second edition because our original goal – synthesis of study design – remains strong, and because we each gathered a substantial body of new material with which we could update and expand each chapter. Several of us also used the first edition as the basis for workshops and graduate teaching, which provided us with many valuable suggestions from readers on how to improve the text. In particular, Morrison received a detailed review from the graduate s- dents in his “Wildlife Study Design” course at Texas A&M University. We also paid heed to the reviews of the first edition that appeared in the literature.
Book Synopsis The Glaciers of Iceland by : Helgi Björnsson
Download or read book The Glaciers of Iceland written by Helgi Björnsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive overview and evaluation of the origins, history and current size and condition of all of Iceland's major glaciers (including Vatnajökull, the largest in Europe) at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is not only illustrated with many beautiful photographs and graphs of recent statistics and scientific data, but is also a collection of historical writings and drawings from annals, sagas, folk tales, diaries, reports, stories and poems, as it presents a unique approach to the study of glaciers on an island in the North Atlantic. Balancing and comparing the world of man with the world of nature, the perceptions of art and culture with the systematic and pragmatic analyses of science, The Glaciers of Iceland present a wide spectrum of readers with a new and stimulating view of the origins, development and possible future of these massive natural phenomena, as well as the study and role of glaciology, within specific time lines and geographical locations. Icelandic glaciers the author argues could prove essential for understanding the current unsettling progress of global warming. The glaciers of Iceland, therefore, aims at presenting to a wide readership an original, historical, cultural and scientific overview of these geophysical features in Iceland while also suggesting increasingly important lessons and models for man's future interaction with the world's glaciers as a whole.
