Estimates of Fish, Spill and Sluiceway Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Operation of the Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Device at The Dalles Dam in 2002

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Total Pages : 150 pages
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Book Synopsis Estimates of Fish, Spill and Sluiceway Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Operation of the Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Device at The Dalles Dam in 2002 by : Ben Hausmann

Download or read book Estimates of Fish, Spill and Sluiceway Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Operation of the Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Device at The Dalles Dam in 2002 written by Ben Hausmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estimates of the Proportions of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Passing Via the Spillway, Sluiceway and Turbines During Tests of Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Devices at The Dalles Dam in 2001

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Total Pages : 106 pages
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Book Synopsis Estimates of the Proportions of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Passing Via the Spillway, Sluiceway and Turbines During Tests of Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Devices at The Dalles Dam in 2001 by : John W. Beeman

Download or read book Estimates of the Proportions of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Passing Via the Spillway, Sluiceway and Turbines During Tests of Sluiceway Guidance Improvement Devices at The Dalles Dam in 2001 written by John W. Beeman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estimates of Fish-, Spill-, and Juvenile Fish Bypass-passage Efficiency of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003

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Total Pages : 83 pages
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Book Synopsis Estimates of Fish-, Spill-, and Juvenile Fish Bypass-passage Efficiency of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003 by :

Download or read book Estimates of Fish-, Spill-, and Juvenile Fish Bypass-passage Efficiency of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estimates of Fish, Spill, and Juvenile Fish Bypass Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003

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Book Synopsis Estimates of Fish, Spill, and Juvenile Fish Bypass Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003 by :

Download or read book Estimates of Fish, Spill, and Juvenile Fish Bypass Passage Efficiencies of Radio-tagged Juvenile Salmonids Relative to Spring and Summer Spill Treatments at John Day Dam in 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage at The Dalles Dam in 2004

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Total Pages : 74 pages
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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage at The Dalles Dam in 2004 by : Gary E. Johnson

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage at The Dalles Dam in 2004 written by Gary E. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Synthesis of Juvenile Salmonid Passage Studies at The Dalles Dam, Volume II, 2001-05

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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Juvenile Salmonid Passage Studies at The Dalles Dam, Volume II, 2001-05 by :

Download or read book Synthesis of Juvenile Salmonid Passage Studies at The Dalles Dam, Volume II, 2001-05 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of juvenile salmonid research at The Dalles Dam is to provide data to inform decisions on strategies to improve smolt survival rates at the project. Survival improvement strategies address the three primary passage routes at The Dalles Dam -- spillway, sluiceway, and turbines - with the general intent to increase spill and sluice passage and decrease turbine passage. Since the review by Ploskey et al. (2001a) of research during 1982-2000 at The Dalles Dam, the Corps funded over $20M of research in at least 39 studies during 2001-2006. The purpose of the current review is to synthesize juvenile salmonid passage data at The Dalles Dam (TDA) collected from 2001 through 2006. The data we synthesize comes from numerous research techniques employed to address particular study objectives at The Dalles Dam. The suite of techniques includes acoustic and radio telemetry, acoustic cameras, acoustic Doppler current profilers, balloon tags, computational fluid dynamics models, drogues, fixed and mobile hydroacoustics, fyke nets, physical scale models, PIT-tags, sensor fish, sonar trackers, and underwater video. Hydraulic data involves flow patterns and water velocities. Biological data involve forebay approach paths and residence times, horizontal and diel distributions, passage efficiencies and effectiveness, fish behaviors, tailrace egress and predation rates, and route-specific and total project survival rates. Data for 2001-2006 are synthesized in this report to provide, in conjunction with Ploskey et al. (2001a), resources for engineers, biologists, and dam operators to use when making decisions about fish protection measures for juvenile salmonids at The Dalles Dam. This review covers the major fish passage research efforts during 2001-2006 and includes sections on the Environmental Setting, Forebay and Project Passage Studies, Spill Studies, Sluiceway Studies, Turbine Studies, Smolt Survival Studies, and a Discussion.

Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmon Passage at the Dalles Dam, 1999

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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmon Passage at the Dalles Dam, 1999 by :

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmon Passage at the Dalles Dam, 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study compares hydroacoustics-based estimates of fish passage and passage metrics for two spill treatments (30- and 64-percent spills) and concomitant powerhouse operations at The Dalles Dam during the 1000 spring and summer juvenile salmon passage seasons. Data were analyzed for significant differences (Wilcoxen Signed-Rank Tests, alpha = 0.05) in daytime nighttime, and total daily fish passage and passage metrics over six 3-day treatment blocks in spring and summer. Horizontal distributions of fish passage at spillway and powerhouse and vertical distributions of fish at sluiceway and powerhouse are presented by treatment and time of day for each season. Project fish-passage efficiency (FPE) and spill efficiency were significantly higher with the higher spill and lower powerhouse generation treatment at night but not during days in both seasons. Sluiceway efficiency was higher with the lower spill and higher generation treatment at night in spring and both night and day in summer. Spill passage was not significantly different during day or night in spring but was higher with the higher spill treatment during summer nights (but not days). Sluiceway passage was higher during spring days and nights during the 30-percent spill than during the 64-percent spill but not different during days or nights in summer. Turbine passage was higher with the lower spill treatment at night in both seasons. Results should be considered in light of the confounding effects of higher spill vs. lower generation and the converse, which was inherent in the experimental design. Statistical methods, a detailed evaluation of the 'acoustic screen model', and an evaluation of two methods for estimating passage at unsampled spill bays are presented in the appendixes.

Re-Analysis of Hydroacoustic Fish-Passage Data from Bonneville Dam After Spill-Discharge Corrections

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Book Synopsis Re-Analysis of Hydroacoustic Fish-Passage Data from Bonneville Dam After Spill-Discharge Corrections by :

Download or read book Re-Analysis of Hydroacoustic Fish-Passage Data from Bonneville Dam After Spill-Discharge Corrections written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Portland District asked Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to re-analyze four years of fixed-aspect hydroacoustic data after the District made adjustments to spill discharge estimates. In this report, we present new estimates of all major fish-passage metrics for study years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004, as well as estimates for 2005. This study supports the Portland District and its effort to maximize survival of juvenile salmon passing Bonneville Dam. Major passage routes through Bonneville Dam include 10 turbines and a sluiceway at Powerhouse 1 (B1), an 18-bay spillway, and eight turbines at Powerhouse 2 (B2) and a sluiceway including the B2 Corner Collector. The original reports and all associated results, discussion, and conclusions for non flow-related metrics remain valid and useful, but effectiveness measures for study years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 as reported in previous reports by Ploskey et al. should be superseded with the new estimates reported here. The fish-passage metrics that changed the most were related to effectiveness. Re-analysis produced spill effectiveness estimates that ranged from 12% to 21% higher than previous estimates in spring and 16.7% to 27.5% higher in summer, but the mean spill effectiveness over all years was only slightly above 1:1 (1.17 for spring and 1.29 for summer). Conversely surface-passage effectiveness decreased in the years this metric was measured (by 10.1% in spring and 10.7% in summer of 2002 and 9.5% in spring and 10.2% in summer of 2004). The smallest changes in the re-analysis were in project fish passage efficiency (0%-1%) and spill efficiency (0.9%-3.0%).

Survival Estimates of Migrant Juvenile Salmonids Through the Dalles Dam Ice and Trash Sluiceway Using Radio-telemetry, 2001

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Total Pages : 27 pages
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Book Synopsis Survival Estimates of Migrant Juvenile Salmonids Through the Dalles Dam Ice and Trash Sluiceway Using Radio-telemetry, 2001 by : Timothy D. Counihan

Download or read book Survival Estimates of Migrant Juvenile Salmonids Through the Dalles Dam Ice and Trash Sluiceway Using Radio-telemetry, 2001 written by Timothy D. Counihan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hydroacoustic Assessment of Downstream Migrating Salmonids at the Dalles Dam in Spring and Summer, 1985 Final Report

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Total Pages : 147 pages
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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Assessment of Downstream Migrating Salmonids at the Dalles Dam in Spring and Summer, 1985 Final Report by :

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Assessment of Downstream Migrating Salmonids at the Dalles Dam in Spring and Summer, 1985 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hydroacoustic study of downstream migrating salmon and steelhead was conducted at The Dalles Dam. The primary objective was to estimate the effectiveness of the spillway and sluiceway in passing downstream migrants. The secondary goals were to provide information on the horizontal, vertical, and temporal distributions of downstream migrants. June 1, and the summer season was from July 1 to August 15, 1985. Nineteen transducers were deployed to monitor turbine, spillway, and sluiceway locations. The 10 h instantaneous spill effectiveness results showed that spill passed fish more efficiently during the summer study than during the spring study. During the period May 1-31 when the turbines, spillway, and sluiceway were all operating consistently, the sluiceway was found to be the most efficient method of passing fish on a percent flow basis. During the summer study, after the termination of spill, the sluiceway and turbines passed almost equal percentages of fish. The run timing during the spring showed steadily increasing numbers of fish until the peak of the run on May 16. Another, smaller peak occurred on May 20. Thereafter, passage gradually decreased through the end of the spring study. The spring run consisted of yearling chinook, steelhead and sockeye juvenile salmonids. During the summer study, fish passage gradually decreased, except for minor peaks near the beginning of the study. The summer migration consisted primarily of subyearling chinook juvenile salmonids.

Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2004

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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2004 by : Gene R. Ploskey

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2004 written by Gene R. Ploskey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2005

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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2005 by :

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Fish Passage Through Bonneville Dam in 2005 written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested that the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conduct fish-passage studies at Bonneville Dam in 2005. These studies support the Portland District's goal of maximizing fish-passage efficiency (FPE) and obtaining 95% survival for juvenile salmon passing Bonneville Dam. Major passage routes include 10 turbines and a sluiceway at Powerhouse 1 (B1), an 18-bay spillway, and eight turbines and a sluiceway at Powerhouse 2 (B2). In this report, we present results of two studies related to juvenile salmonid passage at Bonneville Dam. The studies were conducted between April 16 and July 15, 2005, encompassing most of the spring and summer migrations. Studies included evaluations of (1) Project fish passage efficiency and other major passage metrics, and (2) smolt approach and fate at B1 Sluiceway Outlet 3C from the B1 forebay. Some of the large appendices are only presented on the compact disk (CD) that accompanies the final report. Examples include six large comma-separated-variable (. CSV) files of hourly fish passage, hourly variances, and Project operations for spring and summer from Appendix E, and large Audio Video Interleave (AVI) files with DIDSON-movie clips of the area upstream of B1 Sluiceway Outlet 3C (Appendix H). Those video clips show smolts approaching the outlet, predators feeding on smolts, and vortices that sometimes entrained approaching smolts into turbines. The CD also includes Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Files (PDF) of the entire report and appendices.

Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2004-2005 Annual Report

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Total Pages : 107 pages
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Book Synopsis Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2004-2005 Annual Report by : Steven G. Smith

Download or read book Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2004-2005 Annual Report written by Steven G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2004, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Washington completed the twelfth year of a study to estimate survival and travel time of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) passing through dams and reservoirs on the Snake and Columbia Rivers. All estimates were derived from detections of fish tagged with passive integrated transponder tags (PIT tags). We PIT tagged and released a total of 19,621 hatchery steelhead, 8,128 wild steelhead, and 9,227 wild yearling Chinook salmon at Lower Granite Dam. In addition, we utilized fish PIT tagged by other agencies at traps and hatcheries upstream from the hydropower system and sites within the hydropower system. PIT-tagged smolts were detected at interrogation facilities at Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams and in the PIT-tag detector trawl operated in the Columbia River estuary. Survival estimates were calculated using a statistical model for tag-recapture data from single release groups (the single-release model). Primary research objectives in 2004 were to (1) estimate reach survival and travel time in the Snake and Columbia Rivers throughout the migration period of yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss; (2) evaluate relationships between survival estimates and migration conditions; and (3) evaluate the survival-estimation models under prevailing conditions. This report provides reach survival and travel time estimates for 2004 for PIT-tagged yearling Chinook salmon (hatchery and wild), hatchery sockeye salmon O. nerka, hatchery coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead (hatchery and wild) in the Snake and Columbia Rivers. Results are reported primarily in the form of tables and figures; details on methodology and statistical models used are provided in previous reports cited here. Survival and detection probabilities were estimated precisely for most of the 2004 yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead migrations. Hatchery and wild fish were combined in some of the analyses. Overall, the percentages for combined release groups used in survival analyses were 68% hatchery-reared yearling Chinook salmon and 32% wild. For steelhead, the overall percentages were 73% hatchery-reared and 27% wild. Estimated survival from the tailrace of Lower Granite Dam to the tailrace of Little Goose Dam averaged 0.923 for yearling Chinook salmon and 0.860 for steelhead. Respective average survival estimates for yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead were 0.875 and 0.820 from Little Goose Dam tailrace to Lower Monumental Dam tailrace; 0.818 and 0.519 from Lower Monumental Dam tailrace to McNary Dam tailrace (including passage through Ice Harbor Dam); and 0.809 and 0.465 from McNary Dam tailrace to John Day Dam tailrace. Survival for yearling Chinook salmon from John Day Dam tailrace to Bonneville Dam tailrace (including passage through The Dalles Dam) was 0.735. We were unable to estimate survival through this reach for steelhead during 2004 because too few fish were detected at Bonneville Dam due to operation of the new corner collector at the second powerhouse. Combining average estimates from the Snake River smolt trap to Lower Granite Dam, from Lower Granite Dam to McNary Dam, and from McNary Dam to Bonneville Dam, estimated annual average survival through the entire hydropower system from the head of Lower Granite reservoir to the tailrace of Bonneville Dam (eight projects) was 0.353 (s.e. 0.045) for Snake River yearling Chinook salmon. We could not empirically estimate survival through the entire system for steelhead in 2004 because of low detection rates for this species at Bonneville Dam. For yearling spring Chinook salmon released in the Upper Columbia River, estimated survival from point of release to McNary Dam tailrace was 0.484 (s.e. 0.005) for fish released from Leavenworth Hatchery, 0.748 (s.e. 0.015) for fish released from Entiat Hatchery, 0.738 (s.e. 0.036) for fish released from Winthrop Hatchery, and 0.702 (s.e. 0.048) and 0.747 (s.e.0.047) for those from Methow Hatchery, Chewuch Pond and Twisp Pond, respectively. Using pooled data, estimated survival for these groups was 0.741 (s.e. 0.038) from McNary Dam tailrace to John Day tailrace and 0.840 (s.e. 0.111) from John Day Dam tailrace to Bonneville Dam tailrace. For 13 groups of steelhead released in the Upper Columbia River, estimated survival from point of release to McNary Dam tailrace ranged from 0.510 (s.e. 0.025) for fish released from Wells Hatchery in the Similkameen River (507 km from McNary Dam) to 0.293 (s.e. 0.022) for fish released from East Bank Hatchery into Nason Creek (373 km from McNary Dam). Using pooled data, estimated survival for these groups was 0.786 (s.e. 0.059) from McNary Dam tailrace to John Day tailrace and 0.620 (s.e. 0.264) from John Day Dam tailrace to Bonneville Dam tailrace.

Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2002-2003 Annual Report

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Total Pages : 96 pages
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Book Synopsis Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2002-2003 Annual Report by : Steven G. Smith

Download or read book Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2002-2003 Annual Report written by Steven G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2002, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Washington completed the tenth year of a study to estimate survival and travel time of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) passing through dams and reservoirs on the Snake and Columbia Rivers. All estimates were derived from detections of fish tagged with passive integrated transponder tags (PIT tags). We PIT tagged and released a total of 19,891 hatchery steelhead at Lower Granite Dam. In addition, we utilized fish PIT tagged by other agencies at traps and hatcheries upstream from the hydropower system and sites within the hydropower system. PIT-tagged smolts were detected at interrogation facilities at Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams and in the PIT-tag detector trawl operated in the Columbia River estuary. Survival estimates were calculated using a statistical model for tag-recapture data from single release groups (the ''Single-Release Model''). Primary research objectives in 2002 were to (1) estimate reach and project survival and travel time in the Snake and Columbia Rivers throughout the migration period of yearling chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss; (2) evaluate relationships between survival estimates and migration conditions; and (3) evaluate the survival-estimation models under prevailing conditions. This report provides reach survival and travel time estimates for 2002 for PIT-tagged yearling chinook salmon (hatchery and wild), hatchery sockeye salmon O. nerka, hatchery coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead (hatchery and wild) in the Snake and Columbia Rivers. Results are reported primarily in the form of tables and figures; details on methodology and statistical models used are provided in previous reports cited here. Results for summer-migrating chinook salmon will be reported separately.

Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2001-2002 Annual Report

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Total Pages : 143 pages
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Book Synopsis Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2001-2002 Annual Report by :

Download or read book Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids Through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2001-2002 Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Washington completed the ninth year of a study to estimate survival and travel time of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) passing through dams and reservoirs on the Snake and Columbia Rivers. All estimates were derived from passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged fish. We PIT tagged and released at Lower Granite Dam a total of 17,028 hatchery and 3,550 wild steelhead. In addition, we utilized fish PIT tagged by other agencies at traps and hatcheries upstream of the hydropower system and sites within the hydropower system. PIT-tagged smolts were detected at interrogation facilities at Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams and in the PIT-tag detector trawl operated in the Columbia River estuary. Survival estimates were calculated using the Single-Release Model. Primary research objectives in 2001 were to: (1) estimate reach and project survival and travel time in the Snake and Columbia Rivers throughout the yearling chinook salmon and steelhead migrations; (2) evaluate relationships between survival estimates and migration conditions; and (3) evaluate the survival-estimation models under prevailing conditions. This report provides reach survival and travel time estimates for 2001 for PIT-tagged yearling chinook salmon and steelhead (hatchery and wild) in the Snake and Columbia Rivers. Results are reported primarily in the form of tables and figures with a minimum of text. More details on methodology and statistical models used are provided in previous reports cited in the text. Results for summer-migrating chinook salmon will be reported separately.

Relative Survival of Juvenile Salmon Passing Through the Spillway and the Ice and Trash Sluiceway of The Dalles Dam, 1998

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Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (453 download)

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Book Synopsis Relative Survival of Juvenile Salmon Passing Through the Spillway and the Ice and Trash Sluiceway of The Dalles Dam, 1998 by : Earl M. Dawley

Download or read book Relative Survival of Juvenile Salmon Passing Through the Spillway and the Ice and Trash Sluiceway of The Dalles Dam, 1998 written by Earl M. Dawley and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Distribution at Detroit Dam, 2011

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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Distribution at Detroit Dam, 2011 by :

Download or read book Hydroacoustic Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Distribution at Detroit Dam, 2011 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: