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Author : Hong-kyun Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (326 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Behavior of Households' Human Capital Investments written by Hong-kyun Kim and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Emilie T. Bagby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Investments in Developing Countries written by Emilie T. Bagby and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation encompasses three chapters that explore determinants of parental investments in their children0́9s health and education in developing countries. Below are the individual abstracts for each chapter. Chapter 1: Child Ability, Parental Investments and Child Nutrition in Ecuador This paper investigates the role of family composition and child cognitive ability in explaining how resource-constrained households make nutritional investment decisions in their children. Parents have private information about their children0́9s abilities and health that is typically not available to researchers. I use a unique panel household dataset from Ecuador0́9s Bono de Desarrollo Humano that contains a measure of child cognitive ability and allows me to estimate its affect on resource allocation. I address reverse causality due to the effects of investments on ability and I use within household fixed effects to look at children to look at the intra-household investment decision. Findings point to the existence of sibling rivalry due to resource constraints; children with more siblings, and children in poor households, are less likely to eat high-quality food. Children with higher abilities are less likely to share a nutritional supplement with another family member, suggesting that parents must decide how to invest their limited resources, and child ability informs that decision. Within households of more than one child, children with higher abilities are more likely to eat higher quality foods than their siblings, even after controlling for child body size. Chapter 2: Child Ability and Household Human Capital Investment Decisions in Burkina Faso Using data we collected in rural Burkina Faso, we examine how children0́9s cognitive abilities influence resource constrained households0́9 decisions to invest in their education. We use a direct measure of child ability for all primary school-aged children, regardless of current school enrollment. We explicitly incorporate direct measures of the ability of each child0́9s siblings (both absolute and relative measures) to show how sibling rivalry exerts an impact on the parent0́9s decision of whether and how much to invest in their child0́9s education. We find children with one standard deviation higher own ability are 16 percent more likely to be currently enrolled, while having a higher ability sibling lowers current enrollment by 16 percent and having two higher ability siblings lowers enrollment by 30 percent. Results are robust to addressing the potential reverse causality of schooling influencing child ability measures and using alternative cognitive tests to measure ability. Chapter 3: Risk and Protective Factors for School Dropout in Mexico and Chile Fourteen percent of Chilean youth and 30 percent of Mexican youth have dropped out prior to completing secondary school. Of these youth, 90 to 97 percent are considered 0́−at risk,0́+ meaning that they engage in or are at risk of engaging in risky behaviors that are detrimental to their own development and to the well-being of their societies. This paper uses youth surveys from Chile and Mexico to demonstrate that early school dropout is strongly correlated with a range of risky behaviors as well as typically unobservable risk and protective factors. We test which of a large set of potential factors are correlated with dropping out of school early and other risky behaviors. These factors range from relationships with parents and institutions to household behaviors (abuse, discipline techniques) to social exclusion. We use stepwise regressions to sort out which variables best explain the observed variance in risky behaviors. We also use a non-parametric methodology to characterize different sub-groups of youth according to the amount of risk in their lives. We find that while higher socioeconomic status emerges as key explanatory factors for school dropout and six additional risky behaviors for boys and girls in both countries, it is not the only one. A good relationship with parents and peers, strong connection with local governmental institutions and schools, urban residence, younger age, and spirituality also emerge as being strongly correlated with school dropout and different risky behaviors. Similarly, young people that leave school early also engage in other risky behaviors. The variety of factors associated with leaving school early suggests that while poverty is important, it is not the only risk factor. This points to a wider range of policy entry points than currently used, including targeting parents and the relationship with schools.
Author : Sebastien Betermier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (858 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Consumption and Investment Decisions of Households in the Presence of Housing and Human Capital written by Sebastien Betermier and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays in which I study the consumption and investment decisions of households in the presence of two major asset classes: housing and human capital. In the first essay, I analyze how the dual consumption-investment nature of housing affects the consumption dynamics of households. A key feature of the housing market is that for most households, the consumption and investment benefits of housing are non-separable. I propose a tractable theoretical framework to understand the impact of this constraint on the consumption allocation of homeowners who would ideally like to own just a fraction of their home. For these homeowners, the relative cost of living in their home is not just the imputed rental cost. It also includes an opportunity cost of having an unbalanced financial portfolio. This cost varies substantially over time, and it is especially high in good times, when available investment opportunities yield high returns and homeowners allocate a high fraction of their wealth to current consumption. As a result, this cost dampens variations in the level of their housing consumption, and it amplifies variations in both their level of non-housing consumption and the composition of their consumption baskets. I then test empirically this theory in the second essay. Using household-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I test the hypothesis that homeowners who face a high opportunity cost choose ceteris paribus a low housing consumption volatility. I also develop a method to identify these constrained homeowners by comparing their characteristics to those of a subset of unconstrained homeowners: the landlords. The results are consistent with the predictions of the model. First, the characteristics of homeowners that determine how constrained they are in the model are strong predictors of those homeowners who choose to be landlords in the data. For example, homeowners with a low level of risk aversion, little value for housing consumption, and a long horizon are relatively more likely to be landlords. Second, I find evidence that the more constrained homeowners adjust their level of housing consumption much less over time. In the third essay, which was developed in collaboration with Thomas Jansson, Christine Parlour, and Johan Walden, we investigate the relationship between workers' labor income and their investment decisions. Using a detailed Swedish data set on employment and portfolio holdings we estimate wage volatility and labor productivity for Swedish industries and, motivated by theory, we show that highly labor productive industries are more likely to pay workers variable wages. We also find that both levels and changes in wage volatility are significant in explaining changes in household investment portfolios. A household going from an industry with low wage volatility to one with high volatility will ceteris paribus decrease its portfolio share of risky assets by 25%, i.e., 7,750 USD. Similarly, a household that switches from a low labor productivity industry to one with high labor productivity decreases its risky asset share by 20%. Our results suggest that human capital risk is an important determinant of household portfolio holdings.
Author : Gary S. Becker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).
Author : Sandra Vélez Candelario
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527504999
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)
Download or read book The Household as a Human Capital Incubator written by Sandra Vélez Candelario and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity’s psychological and behavioral skills are the most useful area to manage for today’s organizations. Workplaces, schools and many others organizations are investing resources in humans as capital due to these remarkable skills, in recognition of the fact that humans are our most precious capital within society. Many psychiatric treatments have been created to harness the human as capital within academic and workplace settings. This book gives the readers the opportunity to analyze the organization which promotes, or prevents, disruptive behaviour in human capital during their incubating process, that is, the household. Taylor’s management theory opened people’s eyes to the potential of humans’ physical capabilities, but this theory of psychological capital emphasizes positive psychological aspects, taking heed of organizational behaviour. This specific skill is needs to be aligned with today’s worldwide business activity. The family is the first legitimated social group to help the human being in this specific area, making them successful in life.
Author : Angeli Elise Kirk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Health, Human Capital, and Behavior Change written by Angeli Elise Kirk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation combines three empirical studies of household behaviors as they relate to investment in health and human capital in developing countries. The first explores how changes in children's nutrition in Uganda correspond to composition of a household's income. The second studies measurement activities in a cookstove intervention in Darfur, Sudan, with insights into what may be missed in traditional evaluation approaches as well as how technology adoption may benefit from an unintended "nudge." The third evaluates the impacts of a conditional cash transfer program in El Salvador, with a focus on how program compliance and benefits change time allocations among household members. Chapter 1 explores the relationship between a household's income source (e.g. wage vs. farm) and children's nutrition in Uganda, in a joint work with Talip Kilic and Calogero Carletto. The analysis uses the three annual waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey and features a series of panel regressions for child height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) under age 5. We control for time-invariant child-level heterogeneity and other time-variant observable characteristics using fixed effects. The analysis finds no impact of short-term changes in total gross income on height scores overall. Sector-differentiated analyses indicate that compared to wage earnings, only the share of income originating from non-farm self-employment exerts positive effects on HAZ, while agriculture is more negative. Within agriculture, the income shares from (i) household's consumption of own crop production and (ii) low-protein crop production appear to underlie a negative effect seen from the share of income originating from crop production. We see that results are driven by the older and poorer cohorts, whose diets may be more influenced by shifts in income and production. Overall, any effects are small, given that coefficients represent a change from 100 percent wage income to 100 percent of the other source in a context where many households experience limited changes from year to year. We also cannot say that these relationships are causal, given that observed changes in income likely reflect changes in endogenous livelihood decisions from year to year. Still, the results suggest the possibility of stickiness of crop production to own consumption. While this may be nutrition-supporting in some contexts, it is possible that income growth in the production of low-protein crops in Uganda, which is known for a low-protein diet, may crowd out consumption of other goods and services that have the potential to serve as better nutritional investments. These results suggest a need for more information about how children's diets or childcare patterns accompany income changes. Chapter 2 studies fuel-efficient cookstove adoption in Darfur, in a joint work with Daniel Wilson, Jeremy Coyle, Javier Rosa, Omnia Abbas, Mohammed Idris Adam, and Ashok Gadgil. In this study, we used sensors and surveys to measure objective versus self-reported adoption of freely-distributed cookstoves. Our data offer insights for how effective measurement and promotion of adoption, especially in a humanitarian crisis. With sensors, we measured a 71% initial adoption rate compared to a 95% rate reported during surveys. No line of survey questioning, whether direct or indirect, predicted sensor-measured usage. For participants who rarely or never used their cookstoves after initial dissemination (``non-users''), we find significant increases in adoption after a simple followup survey (p = 0.001). The followup converted 83% of prior ``non-users'' to ``users'' with average daily adoption of 1.7 cooking hours over 2.2 meals. This increased adoption, which we posit resulted from cookstove familiarization and social conformity, was sustained for a 2-week observation period post intervention. Given that most dissemination programs do not employ objective measurement of adoption to inform design, marketing, and dissemination practices, our findings suggest that self-report information may lead programs to over-estimate impacts. A lack of reliable data is likely to prevents insights and may contribute to consistently low adoption rates. Our findings also suggest a potential role for low-cost followup actions that may facilitate learning for a subset of the target population that could benefit from the new technology. In Chapter 3, I use panel data from El Salvador to examine short-term responses in time use to the Comunidades Solidarias Rurales conditional cash transfer program during 2007/2008, applying difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity methods. Th program was introduced in stages based on observable municipality traits that precluded household-level influence over eligibility. This design allows for a selection-on-observables estimation approach. Because baseline analysis shows significant differences in a few characteristics between earlier and later phases, I use fixed effects specifications to control for time-invariant differences between groups. With only one baseline period, however, I cannot provide evidence against differences in time-variant trends. For each specification, I present results using two bandwidths from the treatment cutoff. To address the small number of municipalities in the sample, I apply wild cluster bootstrapping and present the resulting p-values along those obtained from clustered standard errors as typically applied for larger samples, and show that standard methods would lead to over-rejection of the null hypothesis in multiple instances. I use clustering at the municipality level in both cases. Overall, many of my results are small and somewhat variable across alterative specifications, potentially due to measurement error, a small number of clusters, or simply a small response in the short run to a program offering a relatively small sum of $15-20 a month. Despite these caveats, my findings suggest that for children 6-12, the program appears to have increased school attendance for girls by a small amount relative to boys. There were no gains in enrollment in most specifications, though this may not be surprising in a context where primary school enrollment is already around 90 percent. At the household level, the program may result in a slight reduction of household labor (defined to exclude housework or time allocated to program compliance) for wealthier households relative to poorer households, but a more important change seems to be the shift of productive labor from adult females toward men. Given the total number of statistical tests, however, multiple inference penalties reduce confidence in these few findings.
Author : Garrett Anstreicher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital, Geography, and the Family written by Garrett Anstreicher and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I study the interplay of familial and geographic factors in influencing human capital development and economic mobility in the United States. The first chapter extends a canonical model of intergenerational human capital investment to a geographic context in order to study the role of migration in determining optimal human capital accumulation and income mobility in the United States. The main result is that migration is considerably influential in shaping the high rates of economic mobility observed among children from low-wage areas, with human capital investment behavioral responses being important to consider. Equalizing school quality across locations does more to reduce interstate inequality in income mobility than equalizing skill prices, and policies that attempt to decrease human capital flight from low-wage areas via cash transfers are unlikely to be cost-effective. The second chapter, joint with Joanna Venator, studies how childcare costs, the location of extended family, and fertility events influence both the labor force attachment and labor mobility of women in the United States. We begin by empirically documenting strong patterns of women returning to their home locations in anticipation of fertility events, indicating that the desire for intergenerational time transfers is an important motivator of home migration. Moreover, women who reside in their parent's location experience a substantial long-run reduction in their child earnings penalty. Next, we build a dynamic model of labor force participation and migration to assess the incidence of counterfactual scenarios and childcare policies. We find that childcare subsidies increase lifetime earnings and labor mobility for women, with particularly strong effects for women who are ever single mothers and Blacks. Ignoring migration understates these benefits by a meaningful extent. The third chapter, joint with Owen Thompson and Jason Fletcher, studies the long-run impacts of court-ordered desegregation. Court ordered desegregation plans were implemented in hundreds of US school districts nationwide from the 1960s through the 1980s, and were arguably the most substantive national attempt to improve educational access for African American children in modern American history. Using large Census samples that are linked to Social Security records containing county of birth, we implement event studies that estimate the long run effects of exposure to desegregation orders on human capital and labor market outcomes. We find that African Americans who were relatively young when a desegregation order was implemented in their county of birth, and therefore had more exposure to integrated schools, experienced large improvements in adult human capital and labor market outcomes relative to Blacks who were older when a court order was locally implemented. There are no comparable changes in outcomes among whites in counties undergoing an order, or among Blacks who were beyond school ages when a local order was implemented. These effects are strongly concentrated in the South, with largely null findings in other regions. Our data and methodology provide the most comprehensive national assessment to date on the impacts of court ordered desegregation, and strongly indicate that these policies were in fact highly effective at improving the long run socioeconomic outcomes of many Black students.
Author : Vipul Bhatt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Household Decision Making written by Vipul Bhatt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: My research emphasizes the role of interrelated preferences in determining economic choices within a household. In this regard, I study both intergenerational interactions (between parents and children) and intragenerational interactions (between spouses). These linkages have important implications on individual economic behavior such as savings, labor supply, investment in human capital, and bequests which in turn affects aggregate savings and growth.
Author : James P. Smith
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472110261
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Wealth, Work, and Health written by James P. Smith and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores a multitude of perspectives, problems, and ways of measuring human behavior
Author : Dan Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Land Rights, Labor Mobility and Human Capital Investment in China written by Dan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation explores how institutional features of the Chinese economy impact the welfare and behavior of Chinese households. The first two chapters investigate the economic implications of varying land security in rural China. The third chapter provides an empirical test of household responses to China's One-Child Policy, looking at children's education attainments and subsequent earnings. Chapter one provides both theoretical and empirical models to show that with secured land rights, households with high farming ability are likely to invest in land while households with low farming ability tend to invest in human capital and migrate to the city. The result indicates labor specialization as a result of land security. The results imply that governmental policies promoting land security may facilitate both migration and investment in land. Chapter two examines the role of rural land reallocation on welfare and risk coping strategies. In a closed agricultural economy, large-scale land reallocation help households to cope with labor supply shocks. However, when non-farm labor market and land rental market exist, the proportion of households that benefit from large-scale land adjustments will decrease. Both migration and large-scale reallocation appear to serve as effective strategies to smooth out consumption. Large-scale land reallocation appears to play a bigger role in smoothing consumption than in smoothing income. Chapter three provides an empirical test to evaluate the impacts of the One-Child Policy (OCP) on children's education attainments and subsequent earnings. The baseline identification strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to compare outcome for children born before and after OCP; it also compares outcomes between treatment and control groups facing different institutional constraints at the same period of time. The study estimates the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) for returns to education. Empirical results suggest that OCP has bigger impacts on years of education of urban men compared with urban women. Wage estimations show that one more year of education increases women's hourly wage earnings by 5.6 to 8.1 percentage points but an additional year has no significant impact on the wage of men.
Author : Xiaoyan Chen Youderian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Human Capital written by Xiaoyan Chen Youderian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay considers how the timing of government education spending influences the intergenerational persistence of income. We build a life-cycle model where human capital is accumulated in early and late childhood. Both families and the government can increase the human capital of young agents by investing in education at each stage of childhood. Ability in each dynasty follows a stochastic process. Different abilities and resultant spending histories generate a stochastic steady state distribution of income. We calibrate our model to match aggregate statistics in terms of education expenditures, income persistence and inequality. We show that increasing government spending in early childhood education is effective in lowering intergenerational earnings elasticity. An increase in government funding of early childhood education equivalent to 0.8 percent of GDP reduces income persistence by 8.4 percent. We find that this relatively large effect is due to the weakening relationship between family income and education investment. Since this link is already weak in late childhood, allocating more public resources to late childhood education does not improve the intergenerational mobility of economic status. Furthermore, focusing more on late childhood may raise intergenerational persistence by amplifying the gap in human capital developed in early childhood. The second essay considers parental time investment in early childhood as an education input and explores the impact of early education policies on labor supply and human capital. I develop a five-period overlapping generations model where human capital formation is a multi-stage process. An agent's human capital is accumulated through early and late childhood. Parents make income and time allocation decisions in response to government expenditures and parental leave policies. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy so that the generated data matches the Gini index and parental participation in education expenditures. The general equilibrium environment shows that subsidizing private education spending and adopting paid parental leave are both effective at increasing human capital. These two policies give parents incentives to increase physical and time investment, respectively. Labor supply decreases due to the introduction of paid parental leave as intended. In addition, low-wage earners are most responsive to parental leave by working less and spending more time with children. The third essay is on the motherhood wage penalty. There is substantial evidence that women with children bear a wage penalty of 5 to 10 percent due to their motherhood status. This wage gap is usually estimated by comparing the wages of working mothers to childless women after controlling for human capital and individual characteristics. This method runs into the problem of selection bias by excluding non-working women. This paper addresses the issue in two ways. First, I develop a simple model of fertility and labor participation decisions to examine the relationships among fertility, employment, and wages. The model implies that mothers face different reservation wages due to variance in preference over child care, while non-mothers face the same reservation wage. Thus, a mother with a relatively high wage may choose not to work because of her strong preference for time with children. In contrast, a childless woman who is not working must face a relatively low wage. For this reason, empirical analysis that focuses only on employed women may result in a biased estimate of the motherhood wage penalty. Second, to test the predictions of the model, I use 2004-2009 data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and include non-working women in the two-stage Heckman selection model. The empirical results from OLS and the fixed effects model are consistent with the findings in previous studies. However, the child penalty becomes smaller and insignificant after non-working women are included. It implies that the observed wage gap in the labor market appears to overstate the child wage penalty due to the sample selection bias.
Author : Gary Brant Morefield
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)
Download or read book Empirical Essays in Health and Human Capital written by Gary Brant Morefield and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation studies two dynamic processes, the production of human capital and evolution of health. The first essay uses data on parents and their children in the longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics and PSID-Child Development Supplement to estimate the effect negative changes in parental health on the children's development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The analysis suggests that the onset of a parental health event, on average, does not affect children's cognitive measures and has small negative effects on the level of children's noncognitive skills. However, small average effects mask heterogeneous effects across: the sex of the parent, sex of the child, and the type of health condition. Parental health events are found to significantly impair noncognitive skill development when a father is afflicted with a health event, affect sons more negatively than daughters, and are worse for certain--vascular or cancerous--conditions. Further exploration shows that effects of parental health events on skill development are related to changes in the hypothesized mechanism, changes in skill investments. Specifically, when parental health events are estimated to create the poorest behavior outcomes, large reductions in one measure of skill investment, time that parents participate in activities with children, is also commonly found. The second essay (joint with David Ribar and Christopher Ruhm) uses longitudinal data from the 1984 through 2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how occupational status is related to the health transitions of 30 to 59 year-old U.S. males. A recent history of blue-collar employment predicts a substantial increase in the probability of transitioning from very good into bad self-assessed health, relative to white-collar employment, but with no evidence of occupational differences in movements from bad to very good health. These findings are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. The results suggest that blue-collar workers "wear out" faster with age because they are more likely, than their white-collar counterparts, to experience negative health shocks. This partly reflects differences in the physical demands of blue-collar and white-collar jobs. The third essay (joint with Jeremy Bray) uses the framework of Bray (2005) to develop a theoretical and accompanying empirical model examining how the productivities of the human capital inputs work and school are affected if individuals work while enrolled in school. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we model the dynamic processes of work and school input decisions jointly with the effects of these decisions on future wages to discern whether work and school are contemporaneous complements or substitutes in the production of human capital. Endogeneity is corrected through the use of the Discrete Factor Method. The model shows that, on average, work and school are indeed complementary in the production of human capital. However, examination of in-school work at differing schooling levels or across different student occupations shows that certain types of work and school are complementary when simultaneously undertaken while others are substitutes in the production of human capital."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author : Henk Flap
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134495145
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Creation and Returns of Social Capital written by Henk Flap and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of a social capital research program has become increasingly significant within the social sciences. This collection of essays contributes to a theoretical integration as well as standardization of measurement instruments and co-ordination of empirical research on the significance of social capital.
Download or read book Non Tradeable Human Capital and Household Asset Allocation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is comprised of two essays that investigate household consumption and portfolio choices in dynamic life cycle frameworks. In the first essay, I explain that stock market participation and stockholding are increasing in the level of education and financial wealth without relying on commonly used assumptions about differences in the cost of processing financial information among households. The key aspects of the model are recursive preferences, education attainment and stock market participation. Households with low risk aversion and high elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) are more likely to exercise their education option, accumulate large wealth, invest in stock markets and invest heavily in stocks. These findings are consistent with three separate, but related, strands of the literature on i) household asset holding, ii) utility preferences based on household level financial data, and iii) utility preferences and education attainment. I find that, consistent with these studies, better educated households accumulate more financial wealth, hold a larger fraction of wealth in equity, have a higher EIS and are less risk averse than their less educated counterparts. In the second essay, I investigate the fact that the fraction of financial wealth invested in equity is increasing in financial wealth in the cross section of households, a known fact that contradicts existing theories in the literature. I show that the contemporaneous positive correlation between human capital and financial wealth values is increasing in the persistence of labor income shocks. While human capital and financial wealth independently have opposing direct effects on equity shares, human capital effects dominate if labor income shocks are highly persistent, generating increasing equity shares in financial wealth. Both a simple model and a realistically calibrated life cycle model of consumption and portfolio choice are shown to generate the results. The predictions are s.
Author : Iuliia Dudareva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Essays on Macroeconomics of Human Capital Accumulation written by Iuliia Dudareva and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter, I study how pre-college parental investment affects sorting of students into colleges. I estimate the efficiency of the decentralized allocation and explore the implications of pre-college investment for intergenerational mobility. I embed a student-to-college assignment model into a two-period overlapping generations model with endogenous human capital investment. I calibrate the model to NLSY97 cohort and find that the race to the top induces overinvestment in pre-college human capital and associated output losses relative to the first best. The effect is more pronounced for high-income families which promotes income persistence at the top of the college distribution. In the second chapter, we explore one aspect of U.S. education that has not garnered a lot of attention until fairly recently that is occupational choice. We add an education sector to an otherwise standard Hsieh et al. (2019)-style model to explore the extent to which changes in career opportunities in other occupations affect the selection of workers into teaching careers. In our model, changes in the allocation of teaching talent have implications for the evolution of class size as well as quality of instruction and hence the accumulation of human capital during the workers' formative years. This gives rise to a trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency, which we quantify by way of a structural model.
Author : Yichao Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Investment written by Yichao Wu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Claudia Trentini
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (536 download)
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Accumulation and Inequality written by Claudia Trentini and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
