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Author : Jun Xue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)
Download or read book Essays on Cooperation, Coordination, and Conformity written by Jun Xue and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julian Romero
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (719 download)
Download or read book Essays on Cooperation and Coordination written by Julian Romero and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis examines questions related to game theory, and in particular cooperation and coordination among economic agents. In the first chapter (joint with Noah Myung) we propose a decision making process meant to mimic human behavior. This process is implemented with computational agents. We use these computational agents to run simulations of two coordination games, the minimum-effort coordination game and the Battle of the Sexes game. We find that the computational agents exhibit behavior similar to human subjects from previous experimental work. We then use the computational testbed to develop experimental hypotheses, which are then confirmed in the laboratory using human subjects. In particular, we show that higher cost may actually lead to higher average payoffs in the minimum-effort coordination game. The second chapter examines a model of infinitely repeated games in which agents are boundedly rational. I show that the number of equilibrium outcomes is smaller when agents are boundedly rational. Importantly, cooperative outcomes are still possible in equilibrium, even when players cannot use sophisticated strategies and are not able to perfectly monitor their opponents. The strategy that leads to cooperation is called "Win-Stay, Lose-Shift". Using this strategy, I show that cooperation is possible in equilibrium for a large class of 2x2 games. I also give necessary and sufficient conditions on equilibrium structure for Nx2 games. These conditions suggest that in equilibrium, players must be able to cooperate without getting caught in long periods of conflict. The final chapter focuses on a class of minimum-effort coordination games. I show that the symmetric quantal response equilibrium correspondence takes the shape of an s-shaped curve as long as players are sufficiently rational. Under certain assumptions, this s-shaped correspondence leads to hysteresis. Based on these theoretical results, I develop experiments with the minimum-effort coordination game, and test the hysteresis hypothesis in the laboratory. I find evidence that this hysteresis does occur when human subjects play the minimum-effort coordination game in the lab."
Author : Julian Romero
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (719 download)
Download or read book Essays on Cooperation and Coordination written by Julian Romero and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis examines questions related to game theory, and in particular cooperation and coordination among economic agents. In the first chapter (joint with Noah Myung) we propose a decision making process meant to mimic human behavior. This process is implemented with computational agents. We use these computational agents to run simulations of two coordination games, the minimum-effort coordination game and the Battle of the Sexes game. We find that the computational agents exhibit behavior similar to human subjects from previous experimental work. We then use the computational testbed to develop experimental hypotheses, which are then confirmed in the laboratory using human subjects. In particular, we show that higher cost may actually lead to higher average payoffs in the minimum-effort coordination game. The second chapter examines a model of infinitely repeated games in which agents are boundedly rational. I show that the number of equilibrium outcomes is smaller when agents are boundedly rational. Importantly, cooperative outcomes are still possible in equilibrium, even when players cannot use sophisticated strategies and are not able to perfectly monitor their opponents. The strategy that leads to cooperation is called "Win-Stay, Lose-Shift". Using this strategy, I show that cooperation is possible in equilibrium for a large class of 2x2 games. I also give necessary and sufficient conditions on equilibrium structure for Nx2 games. These conditions suggest that in equilibrium, players must be able to cooperate without getting caught in long periods of conflict. The final chapter focuses on a class of minimum-effort coordination games. I show that the symmetric quantal response equilibrium correspondence takes the shape of an s-shaped curve as long as players are sufficiently rational. Under certain assumptions, this s-shaped correspondence leads to hysteresis. Based on these theoretical results, I develop experiments with the minimum-effort coordination game, and test the hysteresis hypothesis in the laboratory. I find evidence that this hysteresis does occur when human subjects play the minimum-effort coordination game in the lab. "
Author : Sylvain Guillaume Chassang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (179 download)
Download or read book Essays on Coordination, Cooperation, and Learning written by Sylvain Guillaume Chassang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a collection of essays on coordination and learning in dynamic cooperation games. Chapter One begins by establishing results which are required in order to extend the global games approach to settings where the game structure is endogenous. In particular it shows that the selection argument of Carlsson and van Damme (1993) holds uniformly over appropriately controlled families of games. It also discusses selection results when the game lacks dominance regions. Chapter Two uses these results to investigate the impact of miscoordination fear in a class of dynamic cooperation games with exit. More specifically, it explores the effect of small amounts of private information on a class of dynamic cooperation games with exit. It is shown that lack of common knowledge creates a fear of miscoordination which pushes players away from the full-information Pareto frontier. Unlike in one-shot two-by-two games, the global games information structure does not yield equilibrium uniqueness, however, by making it harder to coordinate, it does reduce the range of equilibria and gives bite to the notion of local dominance solvability.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789036104395
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Endogeneity Matters written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard John Parkin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Coordination Failures written by Richard John Parkin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Иван И. Артоболевский
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (699 download)
Download or read book Автоматические линии в машиностроении written by Иван И. Артоболевский and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pranab Bardhan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261814
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (618 download)
Download or read book Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation written by Pranab Bardhan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-11-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging review of some of the major issues in development economics focuses on the role of economic and political institutions. Drawing on the latest findings in institutional economics and political economy, Pranab Bardhan, a leader in the field of development economics, offers a relatively nontechnical discussion of current thinking on these issues from the viewpoint of poor countries, synthesizing recent research and reflecting on where we stand today. The institutional framework of an economy defines and constrains the opportunities of individuals, determines the business climate, and shapes the incentives and organizations for collective action on the part of communities; Pranab Bardhan finds the institutional framework to be relatively weak in many poor countries. Institutional failures, weak accountability mechanisms, and missed opportunities for cooperative problem-solving become the themes of the book, with the role of distributive conflicts in the persistence of dysfunctional institutions as a common thread. Special issues taken up include the institutions for securing property rights and resolving coordination failures; the structural basis of power; commitment devices and political accountability; the complex relationship between democracy and poverty (with examples from India, where both have been durable); decentralization and devolution of power; persistence of corruption; ethnic conflicts; and impediments to collective action. Formal models are largely avoided, except in two chapters where Bardhan briefly introduces new models to elucidate currently under-researched areas. Other chapters review existing models, emphasizing the essential ideas rather than the formal details. Thus the book will be valuable not only for economists but also for social scientists and policymakers.
Author : Lisa Björk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789188199140
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (991 download)
Download or read book Essays on Behavioral Economics and Fisheries written by Lisa Björk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tirnud Paichayontvijit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)
Download or read book Four Essays on the Impact and Evolution of Cooperative Norms in Social Dilemmas written by Tirnud Paichayontvijit and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use laboratory experiments to investigate social norms in a variety of situations. First, we look at a finitely repeated linear public goods game. Contributions to public goods start at about 40 to 60 percent of the social optimum and decay over time. We demonstrate that beliefs held by players about the contributions to be made by their peers to the public good play a crucial role in determining their own contributions. We go on to argue that it is the heterogeneity in the initial distribution of beliefs among conditionally cooperative players in the population that is the key explanation behind the familiar pattern of decay. After this, we explore two separate mechanisms for sustaining cooperation in the public goods game over time: (1) recommended play asking participants to cooperate and (2) punishments for free-riders. We find that contributions in the initial rounds are higher in the treatment with recommendation compared to the baseline and punishment treatments. However contributions decay much faster with recommendation whereas contributions increase in treatments with punishment over time. Likewise, payoffs are the highest with a recommendation in the initial rounds but decrease over time whereas payoffs increase in the punishment treatment over time. Next we investigate the efficacy of recommended play and performance bonuses in resolving coordination failures in a stag-hunt type coordination game with multiple Pareto-ranked equilibria, often referred to as a "weak link" game. We look at performance in both fixed and randomly re-matched groups. A recommendation to the payoff-dominant outcome is successful in resolving coordination failures with fixed groups. Resolving coordination failures is harder with randomly re-matched groups and the greatest success is achieved only upon payment of a performance bonus. In the final part of this dissertation we investigate the role of framing, history, inequity and culture in shaping attitudes towards corruption by extending the game introduced by Cameron, et al. (2009) into a repeated game setting. We find more punishment and less bribery than in the one-shot game. We also find that the use of loaded language reduces the incidence of bribery, and that this game does capture attitudes towards corruption above and beyond sentiments of negative retribution. Subjects from Auckland (New Zealand) offered bribes more frequently and punished corrupt behaviour less often than students from Kolkata (India) and Bangkok (Thailand) which is surprising given that New Zealand is considered far less corrupt than India or Thailand. We go on to discuss the implications for external validity of such corruption experiments.
Author : Héctor Olásolo
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184731872X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)
Download or read book Essays on International Criminal Justice written by Héctor Olásolo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crimes of atrocity have profound and long-lasting effects on any society. The difference between triggering and preventing these tragic crimes often amounts to the choice between national potential preserved or destroyed. It is also important to recognise that they are not inevitable: the commission of these crimes requires a collective effort, an organisational context, and long planning and preparation. Thus, the idea of strengthening preventative action has taken on greater relevance, and is now encompassed in the emerging notion of 'responsibility to prevent'. International courts and tribunals contribute to this effort by ending impunity for past crimes. Focusing investigations and prosecution on the highest leadership maximises the impact of this contribution. The ICC has an additional preventative mandate which is fulfilled by its timely intervention in the form of preliminary examinations. Moreover, when situations of atrocity crimes are triggered, its complementarity regime incentivises states to stop violence and comply with their duties to investigate and prosecute, thus strengthening the rule of law at the national level. The new role granted to victims by the Rome Statute is key to the ICC ́s successful fulfilment of these functions. This new book of essays, which includes the author's unpublished inaugural lecture at Utrecht University, examines these issues and places particular emphasis on the additional preventative mandate of the ICC, the ICC complementarity regime, the new role granted to victims, and the prosecution of the highest leadership through the notion of indirect perpetration. 'The work of Professor Olasolo breaks new ground in the academic field of international criminal law, as an analysis of the system as a whole. I therefore wish to express my congratulations for this work.' From the Foreword by Luis Moreno Ocampo Prosecutor, International Criminal Court, The Hague, 27 April 2011 '[Professor Hector Olasolo's] compilation provides an enormous source of easy reference to students, academia and legal actors in the field of international law. A look at the titles compiled in this volume demonstrates the present challenges to international criminal justice'. From the Preliminary Reflections by Elizabeth Odio Benito Judge and Former Vice-President, International Criminal Court, The Hague, May 2011 'This collection, written by a brilliant and prolific scholar and practitioner of international criminal justice, is an insightful and important contribution to the existing literature...Each chapter in this collection is copiously footnoted and thoroughly researched, making it an important reference tool for scholars and practitioners in the field. Additionally and importantly, the chapters explore, without polemic, areas of controversy and dissent and thoughtfully and scrupulously set forth arguments for and against particular doctrinal choices.' From the Introduction by Leila Nadya Sadat Henry H Oberschelp Professor of Law and Director, Whitney R Harris World Law Institute, Washington University School of Law; Alexis de Tocqueville Distinguished Fulbright Chair, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Paris, Spring 2011
Author : Graeme Baber
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 144386093X
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)
Download or read book Essays on International Law written by Graeme Baber and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains ten writings on different aspects of international law, each of them cross-referenced, in instances in which information in one is relevant to points made in another. The first essay considers the character of the subject, and its relation to other entities of relevance to it, such as its compatibility with national law and its relation to maritime law. The second one considers different types of legal instruments in settings of international law, and explains how to read a multilateral convention, using the Convention for the International Sale of Goods as an example. The third part discusses the characteristics of a state and the concept of recognition, the fourth reviews the various roles that institutions take in international law, concentrating in particular on major regional organisations, and the fifth explores the extent to which the World Trade Organisation and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade provide for developing countries. Essay Six summarises the framework for international labour law and investigates its contents and workings, then the seventh considers which countries predominate in the running of international institutions. The eighth paper explores how regional entities might co-operate with international institutions in the harmonisation of the law, and the ninth one investigates the place of negotiation as a method of international dispute resolution. Finally, the tenth essay considers the past, present and future of international law, and reviews especially the role of language.
Author : Dr. B. Ramaswamy
Publisher : Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN 13 : 9354886078
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (548 download)
Download or read book 151+ Essays for IAS/PCS & other Competitive Exams (Including UPSC CSE Essay Papers) written by Dr. B. Ramaswamy and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 151+ Essays for IAS/PCS & other Competitive Exams is a comprehensive collection of essays for the UPSC Mains exam as well as State pass and other competitive exams. This book is designed for the candidates, who is preparing for the Civil Services and other competitive examinations. Highlights of The Book This book consists 151+ Essays which helpful in Mains Examination for essay section. Essays are written on related issues such as Social Development, Economic, Political, Science and Technology, Ethical and Moral Issues, Bihar Related Issues, Philosophy and Religious Environmental, Women Empowerment, Contemporary and other Issues etc. The essays have been written in impressive style incorporating detailed information on the particular topic, ideas for contextual writing, rich vocabulary and analytical skills to arrive at a conclusion. These essays don’t have diversity but depth and book also helpful for those candidates who want quick revision.
Author : Pablo Ignacio Hernandez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (919 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Role of Leadership on Cooperation, Competition and the Consolidation of Power written by Pablo Ignacio Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the association between leadership and economic success in three different settings. First, we offer a new approach to study how groups lacking formal leaders coordinate actions (e.g. innovation, corporate transformation, civil uprising, etc.). Using controlled laboratory experiments, we find that leadership is a critical catalyst for cooperation. By varying the payoffs for not cooperating when others do so, we identify an interaction effect between the characteristics of leaders and the underlying context in which leadership emerges. In particular, when these payoffs are low, leadership is ubiquitous: no special features distinguish leaders. When change requires overcoming high monetary incentives favoring the status quo, leaders tend to be exceptional. These types of leaders exhibit a distinct non monetary taste for mutual cooperation. This result implies that recruiting communally oriented individuals may facilitate innovation or change within firms. Next, we study the extent to which non-pecuniary motives explain collusive behavior and consequently low productivity in firms. We find that classical collusion, obtained by explicit or implicit agreements between individuals, is fueled by other-regarding concerns. Each member showing other regarding concerns decreases group effort by 15% of the average effort in a group of three individuals. Moreover, the emergence of a selfish leader from an originally leaderless group exacerbates this collusive behavior. Thus, the propensity of collusion is highest in a group of one selfish individual and two other regarding ones. Contrary to our first essay, leadership in this case is detrimental for productivity because of conflicting interests between the workers and the firm. Finally, we study how incumbents consolidate power over time. Using a formal theory model, we identify a mechanism by which leaders break away from the following trap: the more growth is fostered, the stronger the incentives for challengers to contest control. The mechanism hinges on two forms of investments by the incumbent: coercive capacity and productive capacity. In an application to state consolidation, we derive lessons for state-building by showing how investments in coercive capacity might have to precede investments in productive capabilities to ensure prosperity and peace. We also show how economic shocks and arms innovations may trigger state consolidation and economic take-off or keep polities in a trap of conflict and economic stagnation.
Author : Lívia Mathias Simão
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031310004
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)
Download or read book Dialogical Essays written by Lívia Mathias Simão and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of interrelated essays that analyze the theoretical foundations of semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology written by one of the pioneers in this field of research: Dr. Lívia Mathias Simão, senior professor at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. In each of the five essays included in this book, the author establishes a dialogue with key thinkers and intellectual traditions of dialogical approaches arriving at core points of I-other relationships according to the perspective of semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology. The first essay establishes a dialogue with Greek philosophers such as Parmenides and Aristotle. In the second essay this dialogue is established with semiotic-constructivist psychologists such as Jaan Valsiner, Ragnar Rommetveit and Ivana Marková. The third essay is a dialogue with the contributions of Ernst Boesch’s symbolic action theory. The fourth essay proposes a dialogue between semiotic-cultural constructivists and Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics. Finally, the fifth essay proposes how the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas contributes to dialogical studies of I-other in the context of semiotic-cultural constructivism. Originally published in Portuguese for the Brazilian market, Dialogical Essays: From Difference to Sharing in I-Other Relationships is now published in English in an international edition that will be of interest to psychologists, philosophers, historians and other human and social scientists interested in epistemological, ontological and ethical aspects of I-other relationships from the perspective of semiotic-cultural constructivism and cultural psychology.
Author : Mehmet Ugur
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415253314
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (533 download)
Download or read book An Open Economy Macroeconomics Reader written by Mehmet Ugur and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together the seminal contributions to the literature on the nature of macroeconomics in open economies and illuminates the material. This is an essential guide to the subject for students.
Author : Maren Tonn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Cooperation Under Incomplete Information, Coordination in Continuous Time and Taxation in Investment Games - Four Essays in Experimental Economics written by Maren Tonn and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
