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Author : Juan Pablo Valenzuela
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780542302954
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Essays in Economics of Education written by Juan Pablo Valenzuela and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Diana Hidalgo Saá
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789400301207
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Essays in Economics of Education and Training written by Diana Hidalgo Saá and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis collects four studies on the economics of education and training. The first study examines the impact on school attendance of the provision of free school uniforms to children in poor urban areas in Ecuador. Consistent with a sunk-cost effect, it finds that free school uniforms increase absenteeism from school. The second study analyzes the effects of training vouchers for low-skilled workers on their training participation, types of training, earnings and labor market mobility. Vouchers lead to more training but come with a high deadweight loss. Vouchers also seem to shift participation from more specific to more general forms of training. The third study uses data from four waves of PISA to inquire the factors that explain the substantial decline between 2003 and 2012 in math scores of 15 years-old students in the Netherlands. The key finding is that despite substantial changes in the characteristics of students and schools, most of the decline should be attributed to changes in the coefficients from a regression of math scores on characteristics. The last study reports the results from an evaluation of a pilot program in which context learning for the teaching of mathematics is replaced by a new curriculum that emphasizes concepts and mathematical thinking. It turns out that girls tend to shy away from (advanced) math when the new curriculum is offered, but that girls do not perform worse relative to boys when exposed to the new curriculum."--Samenvatting auteur.
Author : Emily P. Hoffman
Publisher : W. E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Emily P. Hoffman and published by W. E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Franklin G. Mixon Jr.
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595338062
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Shaping the Learning Curve written by Franklin G. Mixon Jr. and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2005 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume contains a collection of essays that reflect a broad area of economic education inquiry ranging from teaching assessment to the philosophy of the classroom. Written by economics scholars from across the nation, this volume presents recent discoveries in presentation, assessment, and other aspects of economic education at colleges and universities in the U.S. These articles represent but a sample of the growing commentary among academics on the importance of effective teaching and economic education scholarship.
Author : Alan B. Krueger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781840641066
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Education Matters written by Alan B. Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of economic research on education conducted by Krueger in the 1990s. The papers are divided into four major sections: estimating the payoff of completing more education; estimating the payoff of school quality; issues related to race and education; and changes in educational payoff over time, including technological change. A final two essays consider education and economic growth, with a focus on Sweden, and evaluate whether American schools are "broken." Krueger (economics and public affairs, Princeton U.) is also author of Education matters and served as the chief economist of the U.S. Labor Department of in 1994 and 1995. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Mary Jean Bowman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (463 download)
Download or read book Learning and earning written by Mary Jean Bowman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard Wells Patterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Richard Wells Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines various economic factors that influence student academic performance. In the first essay, I explore the role of behavioral factors in educational performance by testing whether time-management tools can improve academic outcomes for online students. I design three software tools including (1) a commitment device that allows students to pre-commit to time limits on distracting Internet activities, (2) a reminder tool that is triggered by time spent on distracting websites, and (3) a focusing tool that allows students to block distracting sites when they go to the course website. I test the impact of these tools in a large-scale randomized experiment (n=657) conducted in a massive open online course (MOOC) hosted by Stanford University. Relative to students in the control group, students in the commitment device treatment spend 24% more time working on the course, receive course grades that are 0.29 standard deviations higher, and are 40% more likely to complete the course. In contrast, outcomes for students in the reminder and focusing treatments are not statistically distinguishable from the control. These results suggest that tools designed to address procrastination can have a significant impact on online student performance. In the second essay, I examine whether trends in parenting time could help explain the black-white test score gap. I use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) to examine the patterns in the time black and white children receive from mothers at each age between birth and age 14 and compare these patterns to corresponding test-score gaps documented in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K). I observe that black children spend significantly less time with their mothers than white children in the first years of life and that differences are concentrated in activities that may be especially important during these years. Differences in parenting time, however, rapidly decline with age. Contrastingly, when socioeconomic variables are controlled, black-white test score gaps are small in kindergarten, but then grow over time. The results of this study suggest that contemporaneous differences in parent time are unlikely to be a significant factor in black-white test score trends. In the third essay, coauthored with Jordan Matsudaira, I study whether charter school unionization impacts student academic outcomes. We use administrative school-level data coupled with data on the timing of union recognition collected via our own public records requests (PRR) and records of unionization from the state Public Employment Relations Board (PERB) to construct difference-in-difference estimates the of the impact of teacher unionization on student outcomes. We find that unionization has a positive and statically significant impact on student math performance and a positive but only marginally significant impact on english performance. In our preferred estimates, we find that unions increase average grade-level math test scores by 0.17-0.21 standard deviations (SD) and English scores by 0.06-0.08 SD. These estimates allow us to rule out even modest negative effects of unionization on student academic outcomes.
Author : Ben Safety Ost
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (826 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Education written by Ben Safety Ost and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a compilation of three essays. The first essay uses longitudinal administrative data on teachers to investigate the relative productivity benefits of acquiring general versus task-specific human capital. Within a school, elementary teachers frequently change grade assignments and I exploit the resulting variation in grade-specific tenure to separately identify the effect of general teaching experience and specific experience. Using a value-added model that controls for teacher fixed effects, I find that both general experience and grade-specific experience improve teacher performance. In addition to providing evidence that the productivity returns to human capital can be sensitive to seemingly small changes in task requirements, this study furthers our understanding of how teachers improve with experience. The second essay uses longitudinal administrative data from a large selective research university to analyze the role of peers and grades in determining major persistence in the life and physical sciences. In the physical sciences, analyses using within-course, across-time variation show that ex-ante measures of peer quality in a student's introductory courses has a lasting impact on the probability of persisting in the major. This peer effect exhibits important non-linearities such that weak students benefit from exposure to stronger peers while strong students are not dragged down by weaker peers. In both the physical and life sciences, I find evidence that students are "pulled away" by their high grades in non-science courses and "pushed out" by their low grades in their major field. The final essay examines the effect of undergraduate course letter grades on future course selection and major choice. Using a Regression-Discontinuity design, I exploit the fact that the probability of earning a particular letter grade jumps discontinuously around letter grade cutoffs. This variation in letter grades allows me to isolate the impact of letter grades on major choice and course selection. I collect original numerical scores for 65 introductory courses across 6 fields and merge this with administrative data including student-level characteristics and transcripts. Since grading cutoffs exist throughout the distribution of scores, I am able to estimate local treatment effects at a variety of localities to examine the distribution of treatment effects. Contrary to the findings of the previous literature, I find no evidence that students respond to their letter grades in terms of course or major choices.
Author : Unesco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 960 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Readings in the Economics of Education: a Selection of Articles, Essays and Texts from the Works of Economists, Past and Present, on the Relationships Between Economics and Education written by Unesco and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barbara Müller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Four Essays on the Economics of Vocational Education and Training written by Barbara Müller and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valentina Amanda Paredes Haz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Valentina Amanda Paredes Haz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important question that many educators face is how to motivate students to study. Many programs in the US and other countries give cash or award incentives to encourage students to exert more effort. In the following three essays, I explore different alternatives to raise student effort, which in turn should raise student achievement, measured in grades and standardized test scores. In my first essay, I propose that the grading system affects the incentives to exert effort among students. For this purpose, I build a model where students maximize their utility by choosing effort. I investigate how student effort changes when there is a change in the grading system from absolute grading to relative grading. I use data from college students in Chile who faced a change in the grading system to test the implications of my model. My model predicts that, for low levels of uncertainty: (i) total effort is higher with absolute grading; (ii) low ability students exert less effort with absolute grading, and; (iii) high ability students exert more effort with absolute grading. The data confirms that there is a change in the distribution of effort, although I don't find a change in the total level of effort. One results from the model discussed in the first essay is that high ability students exert higher effort under higher standards, but a high standard might have a negative impact on low ability students, who could give up and hence exert zero effort. So in my second essay, I explore whether higher grading standards have an effect on student achievement measured by standardized tests. Grading standards are measured as the school intercept in a regression of standardized test scores on grades. Using data from 8th graders in Chile, I find that higher standards have a positive average effect on standardized test scores. This effect is positive for the percentiles 25, 50 and 75 of the achievement distribution and is larger for the 25th percentile. In my third essay, I explore whether the gender of the teacher has an impact on student achievement and if this impact is different for boys and girls. Again, I use data from 8th graders in Chile. Within-student comparisons based on these data indicate that assignment to a same-gender teacher significantly improves the achievement of girls but doesn't improve the achievement of boys. I find that the effect is larger for subjects that are traditionally considered male dominated, and for girls whose mothers have low levels of education, which is consistent with a role model hypothesis.
Author : minseon park (Ph.D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Essays on Economics of Education written by minseon park (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three essays in the field of economics of education. The first chapter (joint with Dong Woo Hahm) explores the impact of public school assignment reforms by building a households' school choice model with two key features---(1) endogenous residential location choice and (2) opt-out to outside schooling options. Households decide where to live taking into account that locations determine access to schools---admissions probabilities and commuting distances to schools. Households are heterogeneous both in observed and unobserved characteristics. We estimate the model using administrative data from New York City's middle school choice system. Variation from a boundary discontinuity design separately identifies access-to-school preferences from other location amenities. Residential sorting based on access-to-school preference explains 30\% of the gap in test scores of schools attended by minority students versus their peers. If households' residential locations were fixed, a reform that introduces purely lottery-based admissions to schools in lower- and mid-Manhattan would reduce the cross-racial gap by 7\%. However, households' endogenous location choices dampen the effect by half. The second chapter (joint with Dong Woo Hahm) explores how students' previously attended schools influence their subsequent school choices and how this relationship affects school segregation. Using administrative data from New York City, we document the causal effects of the middle school a student attends on her high school application/assignment. Motivated by this finding, we estimate a dynamic model of middle and high school choices. We find that the middle schools' effects mainly operate by changing how students rank high schools rather than how high schools rank their applications. Counterfactual analysis shows that policymakers can design more effective policies by exploiting the dynamic relationship of school choices. The third chapter (joint with Lois Miller) studies how colleges' ``sticker price'' and institutional financial aid change during and after tuition caps and freezes using a modified event study design. While tuition regulations lower sticker prices, colleges recoup losses by lowering financial aid or rapidly increasing tuition after regulations end. At four-year colleges, regulations lower sticker price by 6.3 percentage points while simultaneously reducing aid by nearly twice as much (11.3 percentage points). At two-year colleges, while regulations lower tuition by 9.3 percentage points, the effect disappears within three years of the end of the regulation. Changes in net tuition vary widely; focusing on four-year colleges, while some students receive discounts up to 5.9 percentage points, others pay 3.8 percentage points more than they would have without these regulations. Students who receive financial aid, enter college right after the regulation is lifted, or attend colleges that are more dependent on tuition benefit less.
Author : Morgan Kusler Taylor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Morgan Kusler Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on higher education and students' decision-making processes regarding their choices of academic disciplines, persistence, and modes of attrition. The first chapter is motivated by the underrepresentation of women in quantitatively oriented academic fields such as STEM, business, and economics. Some scholars have noted that the grade levels in these fields are substantially lower on average, and hypothesize that female students exhibit relatively stronger sensitivity to the grades they receive. This paper undertakes an examination of these issues using the rich Indiana University data set. We find that the phenomenon of women's stronger sensitivity to grades, as measured by their decisions about persisting in a chosen discipline, holds for STEM, business, and economics but does not universally extend to other academic disciplines. This empirical dichotomy suggests that stronger sensitivity to grades, rather than being a gender-specific characteristic, is more likely to reflect gender differences in the underlying preferences for academic fields.The second chapter analyzes the risky endeavor of enrolling in college with initially incomplete information, which can result in a student's decision to drop out without completing a degree. This paper studies the dropout decisions among students who abandon their initially chosen disciplines. This is the sub-population of students who are likely to have received negative feedback in terms of their performance in the initially chosen disciplines and are thus compelled to act on this information by choosing a mode of exiting, i.e., switching to an alternative discipline or dropping out. Our main focus is on how dropout probabilities conditional on exit from an initial discipline differ between men and women and how this difference depends on the discipline from which the student is departing and students' grade performance there. Our key empirical finding is that the direction of gender differences in conditional dropout propensities is field-dependent. Specifically, while men exhibit higher propensity than women to use the dropout mode of exit when they decide against persisting in STEM or Business and Economics, this phenomenon does not carry over to other starting academic categories, such as Social Sciences and Humanities, Education, and other professional schools.The third chapter begins by acknowledging that college students initially matriculate with incomplete information about their academic ability, interests, or the requirements for success in college. In this paper we examine the impact of student characteristics such as family income and gender on the initial choice of college discipline, persistence in it, or its subsequent adjustment. Using comprehensive student data provided by Indiana University Learning Analytics, we are able to explore whether such impact is discipline-specific. We show, in particular, that there is a positive correlation between family income and consistency of initial choices, i.e., persistence, is seen across all broad academic categories for both men and women, except for Social Sciences and Humanities where the magnitude of the effect of income is notably smaller, if not negligible. The paper also offers new evidence that higher education, rather than being a vehicle for social mobility, tends to strengthen the advantage gap between students from different family income levels.
Author : Elena Crivellaro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (955 download)
Download or read book Essays in Economics of Education written by Elena Crivellaro and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Briana Ballis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (647 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Briana Ballis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis analyzes how education (Chapters 1 and 3) and immigration (Chapter 2) policies impact human capital investments. Chapter 1 (joint with Katelyn Heath) analyzes how access to special education (SE) programs impacts human capital investments. Over 13 percent of US students participate in SE programs annually, at a cost of $40 billion. However, the effect of SE placements remains unclear, especially for marginal students with less severe conditions. This paper uses administrative data from Texas to examine the long-run effect of reducing SE access. Our research design exploits variation in SE placement driven by a state policy that required school districts to reduce SE caseloads to 8.5 percent. We show that this policy led to sharp reductions in SE enrollment. These reductions in SE access generated significant reductions in educational attainment, suggesting that marginal participants experience long-run benefits from SE services. Chapter 2 utilizes the 2012 introduction of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) to estimate the spillover effects of peer motivation. Despite the significant influence that peer motivation is likely to have on educational investments during high school, it is difficult to test empirically since exogenous changes in peer motivation are rarely observed. DACA significantly increased the returns to schooling for undocumented youth, while leaving the returns for their peers unchanged. I find that DACA induced undocumented youth to invest more in their education, which also had positive spillover effects on ineligible students (those born in the US) who attended high school with high concentrations of DACA-eligible youth. Chapter 3 (joint with Katelyn Heath) focuses on racial disparities in access to SE programs. Black students are about 1.4 times more likely to be receiving SE services relative to white students. Despite the concern that these differences in SE classification imply that some black students are inappropriately being placed in SE, the impact of these differences remains unclear. This paper uses administrative data from Texas to examine the long-run effects of reducing SE access for minority students through disproportionality remediation. Our research design exploits variation in SE placement for minority students driven by a state policy that required school districts to ensure that minority and white students were equally represented in SE programs. We show that this policy led to sharp reductions in SE access for minority students in districts that initially served more minority students in SE relative to white students. We find that disproportionality remediation led to small gains in high school completion and college attainment for black students, suggesting that unobserved differences in SE misclassification for minorities likely serve to expand pre-existing gaps in later life.
Author : Roope Uusitalo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789514584244
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (842 download)
Download or read book Essays in Economics of Education written by Roope Uusitalo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pierre Edward Mouganie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Education written by Pierre Edward Mouganie and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation introduces three essays on the short and long run consequences of educational choices. In the first essay "Conscription and the Returns to Education: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity" we use a regression discontinuity design to first identify the effect of peacetime conscription on education and labor market outcomes. Results indicate that conscription eligibility induces a significant increase in years of education, which is consistent with conscription avoidance behavior. However, this increased education does not result in either an increase in graduation rates, or in employment and wages. Additional evidence shows conscription has no direct effect on earnings, suggesting that the returns to education induced by this policy was zero. In the second essay "Quality of Higher Education and Earnings: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the French Baccalaureate", we use a regression discontinuity design to examine the returns to quality of postsecondary education. We compare the outcomes of students who marginally pass and fail the first round exams of the French Baccalaureate, a degree that students must earn to graduate from secondary school. Marginally passing increases the likelihood of attending a higher quality university and a STEM major. Threshold crossing also increases earnings by 13.6 percent at the age of 27 to 29. After ruling out other channels that could affect earnings, we conclude that increased access to higher quality postsecondary education leads to a significant earnings premium. In the third and final essay "Better or Best? High School Quality and Academic Performance" we look at the effects of attending a higher quality high school on the academic performance and college outcomes of young Chinese students. Specifically, in our analysis, we draw a distinction between going to a better school, regardless of tier, and going to a top-tier school. We find that college entrance exam test score gains and improved college outcomes are only realized for individuals attending the most elite set of high schools. These results are mainly driven by males as we find no significant effects on academic performance for females. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that these academic gains are mostly due to variation in teacher quality. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155600.
