Environmental Fate And Effects Of New Generation Flame Retardants

Download Environmental Fate And Effects Of New Generation Flame Retardants full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Environmental Fate And Effects Of New Generation Flame Retardants ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Environmental Fate and Effects of New Generation Flame Retardants

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789462592865
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (928 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Environmental Fate and Effects of New Generation Flame Retardants by :

Download or read book Environmental Fate and Effects of New Generation Flame Retardants written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is a pressing need for substituting several halogenated flame retardants, given the human and environmental health concerns of many of these compounds. Halogen Free Flame Retardants (HFFRs) have been suggested as alternatives and are already being marketed, although their potential impact on the environment cannot be properly assessed because of a lack of information regarding their environmental and ecotoxicological properties. The aim of this study was to determine the aquatic fate and effects of a selection of HFFRs that are currently being applied in polymers as alternatives of hazardous brominated flame retardants. To this end, we have identified the current state of knowledge on PBT properties of a selection of HFFRs and prioritized those for further research. We have developed analytical methods to determine organophosphorus HFFRs in water. Next, we quantified the aerobic biodegradation of organophosphorus HFFRs. Finally, we assessed the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of HFFRs to Daphnia magna. Several chapters of this thesis showed the dilemma between the need for data extrapolation with its associated uncertainties and the need for more reliable, though expensive and time consuming, experimental verification. With the growing evidence of unwanted adverse side effects of several HFFRs, we have to carefully balance the direct risk reduction of fire spread against the potential global impact of contaminants on the long term. It is concluded that with the newly obtained insight in the hazards of HFFRs, support is provided for the application of environmentally compatible flame retardants."--Samenvatting auteur.

Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Three Brominated Flame Retardants in Aquatic Mesocosms

Author : Benjamin De Jourdan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Three Brominated Flame Retardants in Aquatic Mesocosms by : Benjamin De Jourdan

Download or read book Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Three Brominated Flame Retardants in Aquatic Mesocosms written by Benjamin De Jourdan and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Green Flame Retardants

Author : Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444538097
Total Pages : 943 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polymer Green Flame Retardants by : Constantine D. Papaspyrides

Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy

Author : Gennady Zaikov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466562110
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy by : Gennady Zaikov

Download or read book Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy written by Gennady Zaikov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.

Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy

Author : S.M. Lomakin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466562579
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy by : S.M. Lomakin

Download or read book Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy written by S.M. Lomakin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

Brominated Flame Retardants

Author : Ethel Eljarrat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642192708
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brominated Flame Retardants by : Ethel Eljarrat

Download or read book Brominated Flame Retardants written by Ethel Eljarrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brominated flame retardants are one of the last classes of halogenated compounds that are still being produced worldwide and used in large quantities in many applications. They are used in plastics, textiles, electronic circuitry, and other materials to prevent fires. This volume covers the state-of-the-art of the analysis, fate and behaviour of brominated flame retardants. Experts in the field provide an overview of the compounds’ physico-chemical properties and uses, their occurrence in the environment and biota, advanced chemical analytical methods, degradation studies, toxicological effects and human exposure. This book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information for environmental scientists interested in brominated flame retardant issues, and for authorities and producers.

A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309491185
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-08-19 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1970s, flame retardants began to be added to synthetic materials to meet strict flammability standards. Over the years, diverse flame retardants have been manufactured and used in various products. Some flame retardants have migrated out of the products, and this has led to widespread human exposure and environmental contamination. There also is mounting evidence that many flame retardants are associated with adverse human health effects. As a result, some flame retardants have been banned, restricted, or voluntarily phased out of production and use. This publication develops a scientifically based scoping plan to assess additive, nonpolymeric organohalogen flame retardants as a class for potential chronic health hazards under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, including cancer, birth defects, and gene mutations.

Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

Author : F. Selcen Kilinc
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857098934
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles by : F. Selcen Kilinc

Download or read book Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles written by F. Selcen Kilinc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments. Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles. The Handbook of fire resistant textiles is an invaluable resource for a broad spectrum of professionals in the textiles and apparel industries, including textile and garment manufacturers, engineers, researchers, designers, developers and buyers. Provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years Discusses burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers and chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy Covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens

Forecasting the Environmental Fate and Effects of Chemicals

Author : P. S. Rainbow
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Forecasting the Environmental Fate and Effects of Chemicals by : P. S. Rainbow

Download or read book Forecasting the Environmental Fate and Effects of Chemicals written by P. S. Rainbow and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2001-05-25 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forecasting the Environmental Fate and Effects of Chemicals is the first book to address specifically the issue of forecasting in environmental toxicology and chemistry from a methodological, regulatory and practical perspective. It is becoming increasingly important for environmental toxicologists and chemists to be able to forecast the fate and effects of chemicals by using existing information to predict the future. Providing a unique and timely opportunity for active researchers and students to obtain in a single volume the 'state of the art' in this expanding field, this text discusses how forecasts can be made by: * using ecotoxicological endpoints at different levels of biological organisation * measuring and modelling chemical fate in biotic and abiotic environments * adopting difference quantitative frameworks Written by an international team of scientists, this text will be essential reading for postgraduate and advance undergraduate students studying ecotoxicology, toxicology, chemistry and environmental statistics aswell as industrial and academic research scientists in environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and those involved in risk management.

Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology

Author : Kunal Roy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119681596
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology by : Kunal Roy

Download or read book Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology written by Kunal Roy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHEMOMETRICS AND CHEMINFORMATICS IN AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Explore chemometric and cheminformatic techniques and tools in aquatic toxicology Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology delivers an exploration of the existing and emerging problems of contamination of the aquatic environment through various metal and organic pollutants, including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biocides, nanomaterials, pesticides, surfactants, dyes, and more. The book discusses different chemometric and cheminformatic tools for non-experts and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data of chemicals to various aquatic organisms. You’ll learn about a variety of aquatic toxicity databases and chemometric software tools and webservers as well as practical examples of model development, including illustrations. You’ll also find case studies and literature reports to round out your understanding of the subject. Finally, you’ll learn about tools and protocols including machine learning, data mining, and QSAR and ligand-based chemical design methods. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to chemometric and cheminformatic tools and techniques, including machine learning and data mining An exploration of aquatic toxicity databases, chemometric software tools, and webservers Practical examples and case studies to highlight and illustrate the concepts contained within the book A concise treatment of chemometric and cheminformatic tools and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data Perfect for researchers and students in chemistry and the environmental and pharmaceutical sciences, Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals in the chemical industry and regulators whose work involves chemometrics.

Brominated Flame Retardants, Environmental Transport and Fate, Atmospheric Transport and Fate

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783928379151
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (791 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brominated Flame Retardants, Environmental Transport and Fate, Atmospheric Transport and Fate by :

Download or read book Brominated Flame Retardants, Environmental Transport and Fate, Atmospheric Transport and Fate written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

EPA/744-R

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis EPA/744-R by :

Download or read book EPA/744-R written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy

Author : S.M. Lomakin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780429070754
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy by : S.M. Lomakin

Download or read book Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy written by S.M. Lomakin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171938
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.

Flame Retardants

Author : Daniel Junqueira Dorta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Flame Retardants by : Daniel Junqueira Dorta

Download or read book Flame Retardants written by Daniel Junqueira Dorta and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame retardants are a group of compounds used in a variety of consumer goods to inhibit or retard the spread of flames. Several classes of chemical compounds have such capabilities, however, the persistence of these compounds in the environment and their toxicity are crucial points for a risk assessment. Classes such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have already been banned in some parts of the world while they are still permitted and extensively used in other parts of the globe. In the need for substitutes for the toxic compounds used, new structures have been synthesized and suggested by the industry as an alternative and substitutives flame retardants. The objective of this review is to address the classes of compounds used as flame retardants in terms of their toxicity to human or non-human organisms and their persistence in the environment.

Fire Toxicity

Author : A A Stec
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 184569807X
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fire Toxicity by : A A Stec

Download or read book Fire Toxicity written by A A Stec and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic fire effluents are responsible for the majority of fire deaths, and an increasing large majority of fire injuries, driven by the widespread and increasing use of synthetic polymers. Fire safety has focused on preventing ignition and reducing flame spread through reducing the rate of heat release, while neglecting the important issue of fire toxicity. This is the first reference work on fire toxicity and the only scientific publication on the subject in the last 15 years. Assessment of toxic effects of fires is increasingly being recognised as a key factor in the assessment of fire hazards. This book raises important issues including the types of toxic effluents that different fires produce, their physiological effects, methods for generation and assessment of fire toxicity, current and proposed regulations and approaches to modelling the toxic impact of fires. The contributors to Fire toxicity represent an international team of the leading experts in each aspect of this challenging and important field. This book provides an important reference work for professionals in the fire community, including fire fighters, fire investigators, regulators, fire safety engineers, and formulators of fire-safe materials. It will also prove invaluable to researchers in academia and industry. Investigates the controversial subject of toxic effluents as the cause of the majority of fire deaths and injuries Describes the different types of toxic effluents and the specific fires that they produce, their physiological effects and methods for generation Provides an overview of national and international fire safety regulations including current and proposed regulations such as a standardized framework for prediction of fire gas toxicity

Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products

Author : T. J. O'Neill
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859573648
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (736 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products by : T. J. O'Neill

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products written by T. J. O'Neill and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.