Environmental And Health Regulation In The United States And The European Union

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Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union

Author : M. Smith
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230337767
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union by : M. Smith

Download or read book Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union written by M. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first decade of the twenty-first century, the United States increasingly has relaxed its regulatory posture in the face of critical challenges to public health and the environment. This is true for regulation of recycling of end-of-life products, including autos and electronic components; potentially hazardous chemicals; and health claims on food labels. Coincidentally, the European Union has gravitated toward more restrictive regulation in these very same areas. How might we explain these diverging regulatory trajectories of the world s two largest market economies in an era of rising public awareness of dangers to the public and the planet? The explanation derives not from cultural differences in willingness to tolerate risk, but rather from distinctive regulatory tradeoffs - between environment and competitiveness in the United States and environment, competitiveness, and integration in the EU.

The Politics of Precaution

Author : David Vogel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691124167
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Precaution by : David Vogel

Download or read book The Politics of Precaution written by David Vogel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-29 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Politics of Precaution examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990, the book shows, global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? David Vogel takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. He traces how concerns over such risks--and pressure on political leaders to do something about them--have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. Vogel explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

Environmental Health in International and EU Law

Author : Stefania Negri
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000762041
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Health in International and EU Law by : Stefania Negri

Download or read book Environmental Health in International and EU Law written by Stefania Negri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad overview of the many intersections between health and the environment that lie at the basis of the most crucial environmental health issues, focusing on the responses provided by international and EU law. Consistent with the One Health approach and moving from the relevant international and EU legal frameworks, the book addresses some of the most important issues of environmental health including the traditional, such as pollution of air, water and soil and related food safety issues, as well as new and emerging challenges, like those linked to climate change, antimicrobial resistance and electromagnetic fields. Applying an intersectoral and interdisciplinary approach, it also investigates other branches of international and EU law including human rights law, investment law, trade law, energy law and disaster law. The work also discusses ethics and intergenerational equity. Ultimately, the book assesses the degree of effectiveness of the international and EU normative framework, and the extent to which the relevant legal instruments contribute to the protection of public health from major environmental hazards. The book will be a valuable resource for students, academics and policy makers working in the areas of Environmental Health law, Global Health law, International law and EU law.

The Brussels Effect

Author : Anu Bradford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190088605
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Brussels Effect by : Anu Bradford

Download or read book The Brussels Effect written by Anu Bradford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many observers, the European Union is mired in a deep crisis. Between sluggish growth; political turmoil following a decade of austerity politics; Brexit; and the rise of Asian influence, the EU is seen as a declining power on the world stage. Columbia Law professor Anu Bradford argues the opposite in her important new book The Brussels Effect: the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image. By promulgating regulations that shape the international business environment, elevating standards worldwide, and leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce, the EU has managed to shape policy in areas such as data privacy, consumer health and safety, environmental protection, antitrust, and online hate speech. And in contrast to how superpowers wield their global influence, the Brussels Effect - a phrase first coined by Bradford in 2012- absolves the EU from playing a direct role in imposing standards, as market forces alone are often sufficient as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. The Brussels Effect shows how the EU has acquired such power, why multinational companies use EU standards as global standards, and why the EU's role as the world's regulator is likely to outlive its gradual economic decline, extending the EU's influence long into the future.

The Reality of Precaution

Author : James Hammit
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136522557
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reality of Precaution by : James Hammit

Download or read book The Reality of Precaution written by James Hammit and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Precautionary Principle' has sparked the central controversy over European and U.S. risk regulation. The Reality of Precaution is the most comprehensive study to go beyond precaution as an abstract principle and test its reality in practice. This groundbreaking resource combines detailed case studies of a wide array of risks to health, safety, environment and security; a broad quantitative analysis; and cross-cutting chapters on politics, law, and perceptions. The authors rebut the rhetoric of conflicting European and American approaches to risk, and show that the reality has been the selective application of precaution to particular risks on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as a constructive exchange of policy ideas toward 'better regulation.' The book offers a new view of precaution, regulatory reform, comparative analysis, and transatlantic relations.

Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union

Author : M. Smith
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230337767
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union by : M. Smith

Download or read book Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union written by M. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first decade of the twenty-first century, the United States increasingly has relaxed its regulatory posture in the face of critical challenges to public health and the environment. This is true for regulation of recycling of end-of-life products, including autos and electronic components; potentially hazardous chemicals; and health claims on food labels. Coincidentally, the European Union has gravitated toward more restrictive regulation in these very same areas. How might we explain these diverging regulatory trajectories of the world s two largest market economies in an era of rising public awareness of dangers to the public and the planet? The explanation derives not from cultural differences in willingness to tolerate risk, but rather from distinctive regulatory tradeoffs - between environment and competitiveness in the United States and environment, competitiveness, and integration in the EU.

The Conflict Over Environmental Regulation in the United States

Author : Frank T. Manheim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387758771
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis The Conflict Over Environmental Regulation in the United States by : Frank T. Manheim

Download or read book The Conflict Over Environmental Regulation in the United States written by Frank T. Manheim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-30 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: in Congress – are not considered, they may affect future energy programs just as they have past programs. Finally, potentially ruinously costly increases in energy imports force attention to the problem of how major public policy plans have been and are prepared in the United States. A witches’ brew of some 500 energy bills proposed in the 110th C ongress in the House and Senate is now being stirred up. This “inspirational” approach to public policymaking bears little resemblance to the thoughtful way critical policies have been developed in the EU. A change of the way major national planning is undertaken may do more than anything else to bring facts and reality into play, reduce hostilities, open up cooperation, new resources, technologies, creative energies, and productivity toward energy policy transitions. Chapter 6 Foreign Experience 6. 1 The European Union and Other Nations Take the Lead “The EU has pioneered a new form of post-national government, in which nation-states pool some of their sovereignty for the common good. Many of its admirers see this as a useful potential model for Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, China-Taiwan, Latin America, parts of Africa and so on. The EU takes some issues, like human rights, global warming and the fostering of an international system of justice, with admirable seriousness . . . . . . Considering the kind of Europe it replaced, the EU has been an almost miraculous success (Walker, 2007).

Chemical Regulation

Author : United States. Government Accountability Office
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781422397817
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (978 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Regulation by : United States. Government Accountability Office

Download or read book Chemical Regulation written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Environmental Law, the Economy and Sustainable Development

Author : Richard L. Revesz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Law, the Economy and Sustainable Development by : Richard L. Revesz

Download or read book Environmental Law, the Economy and Sustainable Development written by Richard L. Revesz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comparative analysis of environmental regulation in multi-jurisdictional legal and political systems, focusing on the United States, the European Union, and the international community. Each of these systems must deal with environmental interdependencies that cross local borders. Some transjurisdictional environmental problems are global, including stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change and the loss of biodiversity. Other environmental problems, however, are localized in their effect on health and the environment: for example, municipal waste disposal, many forms of pollution and resource development, and drinking water quality. These varying jurisdictional and environmental circumstances pose the central question of how responsibility for addressing different environmental problems should be allocated among the different levels of decision making and implementation in a multi-jurisdictional system.

Chemical Regulation

Author : United States. Government Accountability Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Regulation by : United States. Government Accountability Office

Download or read book Chemical Regulation written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemicals play an important role in everyday life. However, some chemicals are highly toxic and need to be regulated. In 1976, the Congress passed the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to authorize the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment, but some have questioned whether TSCA provides EPA with enough tools to protect against chemical risks. Like the United States, the European Union (EU) has laws governing the production and use of chemicals. The EU has recently revised its chemical control policy through legislation known as Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) in order to better identify and mitigate risks from chemicals. GAO was asked to review the approaches used under TSCA and REACH for (1) requiring chemical companies to develop information on chemicals' effects, (2) controlling risks from chemicals, and (3) making information on chemicals available to the public. To review these issues, GAO analyzed applicable U.S. and EU laws and regulations and interviewed U.S. and EU officials, industry representatives, and environmental advocacy organizations. GAO is making no recommendation ...

Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309103800
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological threats like SARS and natural disasters like the tsunami in Indonesia have devastated entire regions, and quickly exhausted budgetary resources. As the field of environmental health continues to evolve, scientists and others must focus on gaining a better understanding of the links between human health and various environmental factors, and on creating new paradigms and partnerships needed to address these complex environmental health challenges facing society. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century: From Governmental Regulations to Corporate Social Responsibility: Workshop Summary discusses the role of industry in environmental health, examines programs designed to improve the overall state of environmental health, and explores how governmental and corporate entities can collaborate to manage this industry. Stakeholders in both the public and private sectors are looking for viable solutions as the complexity of societal problems and risks associated with management and varying regulatory standards continue to increase. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century draws critical links and provides insight into the current shape of global environmental health. The book recommends expanding environmental management systems (EMS) to encompass a more extensive global network. It also provides a complete assessment of the benefits and costs resulting from implementation of various environmental management systems.

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Trading Up

Author : David Vogel
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674044685
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Trading Up by : David Vogel

Download or read book Trading Up written by David Vogel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health, safety, and environmental regulations have been traditionally perceived as distinct entities from trade policy, yet today they have become intertwined on a global scale. In this pioneering work, David Vogel integrates environmental, consumer, and trade policy, and explicitly challenges the conventional wisdom that trade liberalization and agreements to promote free trade invariably undermine national health, safety, and environmental standards. Vogel demonstrates that liberal trade policies often produce precisely the opposite effect: that of strengthening regulatory standards. The most comprehensive account of trade and regulation on a global scale, this book analyzes the regulatory dimensions of all major international and regional trade agreements and treaties, including GATT, NAFTA, the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States, and the treaties that created the European Community and Union. He explores in depth some of the most important trade and regulatory conflicts, including the GATT tuna-dolphin dispute, the EC's beef hormone ban, the Danish bottle case, and the debate in the United States over the regulatory implications of both NAFTA and GATT. This timely book unravels the increasingly important and contentious relationship between trade and environmental, health, and safety standards, paying particular attention to the politics that underlie trade and regulatory linkages. Trading Up is essential reading for the business community, policymakers, environmentalists, consumer interest groups, political scientists, lawyers, and economists.

EU Environmental Law and Policy

Author : David Langlet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191068675
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Environmental Law and Policy by : David Langlet

Download or read book EU Environmental Law and Policy written by David Langlet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible and comprehensive resource, EU Environmental Law and Policy explains the structure and logic of EU environmental law and enables readers to quickly gain a thorough understanding of the different areas of EU secondary law pertaining to the protection of the environment. This volume explores the institutional, constitutional, and historical premises for the adoption and application of substantive EU environmental law and further expounds upon the dynamics between EU Member States and the EU. The book additionally provides an introduction to the specific subject areas of EU environmental law through thematic chapters that analyse important topics such as climate and energy, water, and biological diversity. Each area is explained in detail, including a discussion of the specific features that characterize each area and an overview of the main legal acts and case law relevant to the particular area.

Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the Unted States

Author : David Vogel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (599 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the Unted States by : David Vogel

Download or read book Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the Unted States written by David Vogel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy implications. This chapter compares the role of central and local authorities in the US and the EU in formulating environmental regulations in three areas: automotive emissions for health related (criteria) pollutants, packaging waste, and global climate change. Automotive emissions are relatively centralised in both political systems. In the cases of packaging waste and global climate change, regulatory policy-making is shared in the EU, but is primarily the responsibility of local governments in the US. Thus, in some important areas, regulatory policy-making is more centralised in the EU. The most important role local governments play in the regulatory process is to help diffuse stringent local standards through more centralised regulations, a dynamic which has become recently become more important in the EU than in the US.

Toxic Substances Control Act

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxic Substances Control Act by : United States. General Accounting Office

Download or read book Toxic Substances Control Act written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

EU Environmental Law

Author : Geert Van Calster
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782549188
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Environmental Law by : Geert Van Calster

Download or read book EU Environmental Law written by Geert Van Calster and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EU Environmental Law discusses the reality for legal practice throughout the EU, as environmental law of the Member States is becoming ever less 'national'. Consequentially European environmental regulation is becoming more complex and interrelated, making it an emerging field of study for European law graduates, and an area of increasing exposure to the legal profession. This book gives readers a thorough overview of core European environmental law, with a section on the basic framework and principles, as well as on substantive law issues giving insight into the legislation in the different sectors and the most topical developments.