Entropy Measures Maximum Entropy Principle And Emerging Applications

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Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications

Author : Karmeshu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642535055
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications by : Karmeshu

Download or read book Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications written by Karmeshu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-23 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have witnessed an enormous growth with regard to ap plications of information theoretic framework in areas of physical, biological, engineering and even social sciences. In particular, growth has been spectac ular in the field of information technology,soft computing,nonlinear systems and molecular biology. Claude Shannon in 1948 laid the foundation of the field of information theory in the context of communication theory. It is in deed remarkable that his framework is as relevant today as was when he 1 proposed it. Shannon died on Feb 24, 2001. Arun Netravali observes "As if assuming that inexpensive, high-speed processing would come to pass, Shan non figured out the upper limits on communication rates. First in telephone channels, then in optical communications, and now in wireless, Shannon has had the utmost value in defining the engineering limits we face". Shannon introduced the concept of entropy. The notable feature of the entropy frame work is that it enables quantification of uncertainty present in a system. In many realistic situations one is confronted only with partial or incomplete information in the form of moment, or bounds on these values etc. ; and it is then required to construct a probabilistic model from this partial information. In such situations, the principle of maximum entropy provides a rational ba sis for constructing a probabilistic model. It is thus necessary and important to keep track of advances in the applications of maximum entropy principle to ever expanding areas of knowledge.

Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications

Author : Karmeshu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540362126
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications by : Karmeshu

Download or read book Entropy Measures, Maximum Entropy Principle and Emerging Applications written by Karmeshu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have witnessed an enormous growth with regard to ap plications of information theoretic framework in areas of physical, biological, engineering and even social sciences. In particular, growth has been spectac ular in the field of information technology,soft computing,nonlinear systems and molecular biology. Claude Shannon in 1948 laid the foundation of the field of information theory in the context of communication theory. It is in deed remarkable that his framework is as relevant today as was when he 1 proposed it. Shannon died on Feb 24, 2001. Arun Netravali observes "As if assuming that inexpensive, high-speed processing would come to pass, Shan non figured out the upper limits on communication rates. First in telephone channels, then in optical communications, and now in wireless, Shannon has had the utmost value in defining the engineering limits we face". Shannon introduced the concept of entropy. The notable feature of the entropy frame work is that it enables quantification of uncertainty present in a system. In many realistic situations one is confronted only with partial or incomplete information in the form of moment, or bounds on these values etc. ; and it is then required to construct a probabilistic model from this partial information. In such situations, the principle of maximum entropy provides a rational ba sis for constructing a probabilistic model. It is thus necessary and important to keep track of advances in the applications of maximum entropy principle to ever expanding areas of knowledge.

The Generalized Maximum Entropy Principle (with Applications)

Author : Jagat Narain Kapur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780920574256
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Generalized Maximum Entropy Principle (with Applications) by : Jagat Narain Kapur

Download or read book The Generalized Maximum Entropy Principle (with Applications) written by Jagat Narain Kapur and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Entropy Optimization Principles with Applications

Author : Jagat Narain Kapur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Entropy Optimization Principles with Applications by : Jagat Narain Kapur

Download or read book Entropy Optimization Principles with Applications written by Jagat Narain Kapur and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This senior-level textbook on entropy provides a conceptual framework for the study of probabilistic systems with its elucidation of three key concepts - Shannon's information theory, Jaynes' maximum entropy principle and Kullback's minimum cross-entropy principle.

Maximum-entropy Models in Science and Engineering

Author : Jagat Narain Kapur
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9788122402162
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Maximum-entropy Models in Science and Engineering by : Jagat Narain Kapur

Download or read book Maximum-entropy Models in Science and Engineering written by Jagat Narain Kapur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1989 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Is The First Comprehensive Book About Maximum Entropy Principle And Its Applications To A Diversity Of Fields Like Statistical Mechanics, Thermo-Dynamics, Business, Economics, Insurance, Finance, Contingency Tables, Characterisation Of Probability Distributions (Univariate As Well As Multivariate, Discrete As Well As Continuous), Statistical Inference, Non-Linear Spectral Analysis Of Time Series, Pattern Recognition, Marketing And Elections, Operations Research And Reliability Theory, Image Processing, Computerised Tomography, Biology And Medicine. There Are Over 600 Specially Constructed Exercises And Extensive Historical And Bibliographical Notes At The End Of Each Chapter.The Book Should Be Of Interest To All Applied Mathematicians, Physicists, Statisticians, Economists, Engineers Of All Types, Business Scientists, Life Scientists, Medical Scientists, Radiologists And Operations Researchers Who Are Interested In Applying The Powerful Methodology Based On Maximum Entropy Principle In Their Respective Fields.

Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering

Author : Vijay P. Singh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118428609
Total Pages : 787 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering by : Vijay P. Singh

Download or read book Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering written by Vijay P. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering responds to the need for a book that deals with basic concepts of entropy theory from a hydrologic and water engineering perspective and then for a book that deals with applications of these concepts to a range of water engineering problems. The range of applications of entropy is constantly expanding and new areas finding a use for the theory are continually emerging. The applications of concepts and techniques vary across different subject areas and this book aims to relate them directly to practical problems of environmental and water engineering. The book presents and explains the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy (POMCE) and their applications to different types of probability distributions. Spatial and inverse spatial entropy are important for urban planning and are presented with clarity. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and minimum cross entropy spectral analysis are powerful techniques for addressing a variety of problems faced by environmental and water scientists and engineers and are described here with illustrative examples. Giving a thorough introduction to the use of entropy to measure the unpredictability in environmental and water systems this book will add an essential statistical method to the toolkit of postgraduates, researchers and academic hydrologists, water resource managers, environmental scientists and engineers. It will also offer a valuable resource for professionals in the same areas, governmental organizations, private companies as well as students in earth sciences, civil and agricultural engineering, and agricultural and rangeland sciences. This book: Provides a thorough introduction to entropy for beginners and more experienced users Uses numerous examples to illustrate the applications of the theoretical principles Allows the reader to apply entropy theory to the solution of practical problems Assumes minimal existing mathematical knowledge Discusses the theory and its various aspects in both univariate and bivariate cases Covers newly expanding areas including neural networks from an entropy perspective and future developments.

Uncertainty and Information

Author : George J. Klir
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471755567
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertainty and Information by : George J. Klir

Download or read book Uncertainty and Information written by George J. Klir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deal with information and uncertainty properly and efficientlyusing tools emerging from generalized information theory Uncertainty and Information: Foundations of Generalized InformationTheory contains comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of resultsthat have emerged from a research program begun by the author inthe early 1990s under the name "generalized information theory"(GIT). This ongoing research program aims to develop a formalmathematical treatment of the interrelated concepts of uncertaintyand information in all their varieties. In GIT, as in classicalinformation theory, uncertainty (predictive, retrodictive,diagnostic, prescriptive, and the like) is viewed as amanifestation of information deficiency, while information isviewed as anything capable of reducing the uncertainty. A broadconceptual framework for GIT is obtained by expanding theformalized language of classical set theory to include moreexpressive formalized languages based on fuzzy sets of varioustypes, and by expanding classical theory of additive measures toinclude more expressive non-additive measures of varioustypes. This landmark book examines each of several theories for dealingwith particular types of uncertainty at the following fourlevels: * Mathematical formalization of the conceived type ofuncertainty * Calculus for manipulating this particular type ofuncertainty * Justifiable ways of measuring the amount of uncertainty in anysituation formalizable in the theory * Methodological aspects of the theory With extensive use of examples and illustrations to clarify complexmaterial and demonstrate practical applications, generoushistorical and bibliographical notes, end-of-chapter exercises totest readers' newfound knowledge, glossaries, and an Instructor'sManual, this is an excellent graduate-level textbook, as well as anoutstanding reference for researchers and practitioners who dealwith the various problems involving uncertainty and information. AnInstructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all theproblems in the book is available from the Wiley editorialdepartment.

Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering

Author : Huijuan Cui
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038972223
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering by : Huijuan Cui

Download or read book Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering written by Huijuan Cui and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entropy theory has wide applications to a range of problems in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including river hydraulic geometry, fluvial hydraulics, water monitoring network design, river flow forecasting, floods and droughts, river network analysis, infiltration, soil moisture, sediment transport, surface water and groundwater quality modeling, ecosystems modeling, water distribution networks, environmental and water resources management, and parameter estimation. Such applications have used several different entropy formulations, such as Shannon, Tsallis, Rényi, Burg, Kolmogorov, Kapur, configurational, and relative entropies, which can be derived in time, space, or frequency domains. More recently, entropy-based concepts have been coupled with other theories, including copula and wavelets, to study various issues associated with environmental and water resources systems. Recent studies indicate the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including establishing and explaining physical connections between theory and reality. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for compiling important recent and current research on the applications of entropy theory in environmental and water engineering. The contributions to this Special Issue have addressed many aspects associated with entropy theory applications and have shown the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering.

Climate, Planetary and Evolutionary Sciences

Author : Guido Visconti
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030747131
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate, Planetary and Evolutionary Sciences by : Guido Visconti

Download or read book Climate, Planetary and Evolutionary Sciences written by Guido Visconti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the result of an innovative challenge, to create a systematic literature overview driven by machine-generated content. Questions and related keywords were prepared for the machine to query, discover, collate and structure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) clustering. The AI-based approach seemed especially suitable to provide an innovative perspective as the topics are indeed both complex, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, for example, climate, planetary and evolution sciences. Springer Nature has published much on these topics in its journals over the years, so the challenge was for the machine to identify the most relevant content and present it in a structured way that the reader would find useful. The automatically generated literature summaries in this book are intended as a springboard to further discoverability. They are particularly useful to readers with limited time, looking to learn more about the subject quickly and especially if they are new to the topics. Springer Nature seeks to support anyone who needs a fast and effective start in their content discovery journey, from the undergraduate student exploring interdisciplinary content, to Master- or PhD-thesis developing research questions, to the practitioner seeking support materials, this book can serve as an inspiration, to name a few examples. It is important to us as a publisher to make the advances in technology easily accessible to our authors and find new ways of AI-based author services that allow human-machine interaction to generate readable, usable, collated, research content.

Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications

Author : Aram Hajian
Publisher : Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3832547347
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications by : Aram Hajian

Download or read book Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications written by Aram Hajian and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2018, researchers from Armenia, Chile, Germany and Japan met in Yerevan to discuss technologies with applications in Smart Cities, Data Science and Information-Theoretic Approaches for Smart Systems, Technical Challenges for Smart Environments, and Smart Human Centered Computing. This book presents their contributions to the CODASSCA 2018 workshop on Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications, a cutting-edge topic in Computer Science today.

Chaos, Nonlinearity, Complexity

Author : Ashok Sengupta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540317562
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Chaos, Nonlinearity, Complexity by : Ashok Sengupta

Download or read book Chaos, Nonlinearity, Complexity written by Ashok Sengupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-25 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores non-extensive statistical mechanics in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and presents an overview of the strong nonlinearity of chaos and complexity in natural systems, drawing on relevant mathematics from topology, measure-theory, inverse and ill-posed problems, set-valued analysis, and nonlinear functional analysis. It offers a self-contained theory of complexity and complex systems as the steady state of non-equilibrium systems, denoting a homeostatic dynamic equilibrium between stabilizing order and destabilizing disorder.

Neural Information Processing

Author : Nikil R. Pal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540304991
Total Pages : 1369 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Information Processing by : Nikil R. Pal

Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Nikil R. Pal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 1369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2004) to be held in Calcutta. ICONIP 2004 is organized jointly by the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and Jadavpur University (JU). We are con?dent that ICONIP 2004, like the previous conf- ences in this series,will providea forum for fruitful interactionandthe exchange of ideas between the participants coming from all parts of the globe. ICONIP 2004 covers all major facets of computational intelligence, but, of course, with a primary emphasis on neural networks. We are sure that this meeting will be enjoyable academically and otherwise. We are thankful to the track chairs and the reviewers for extending their support in various forms to make a sound technical program. Except for a few cases, where we could get only two review reports, each submitted paper was reviewed by at least three referees, and in some cases the revised versions were againcheckedbythereferees. Wehad470submissionsanditwasnotaneasytask for us to select papers for a four-day conference. Because of the limited duration of the conference, based on the review reports we selected only about 40% of the contributed papers. Consequently, it is possible that some good papers are left out. We again express our sincere thanks to all referees for accomplishing a great job. In addition to 186 contributed papers, the proceedings includes two plenary presentations, four invited talks and 18 papers in four special sessions. The proceedings is organized into 26 coherent topical groups.

Soft Computing in Measurement and Information Acquisition

Author : Leon Reznik
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540362169
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Soft Computing in Measurement and Information Acquisition by : Leon Reznik

Download or read book Soft Computing in Measurement and Information Acquisition written by Leon Reznik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the fields of measurement and information acqulSltlon. It contains a collection of papers representing the current research trends in these areas. What are those trends? The first one is the enormous growth in the amount of information and the amazing technologies, which make this information available anywhere and anytime. The second one is a substantial development of methods of the information presentation including, to name just a few, multimedia, virtual environment, computer animation. The third one is the all-time boosting demand for improving the quality of decisions made on the base of this information in various applications ranging from engineering to business. Nowadays information acquisition should not only provide more information but also provide it in such a way as to assure effective and efficient processing of this information. And here comes a relatively new methodology of soft computing. Application of soft computing in measurement and information acquisition is considered in this volume.

Statistical Implications of Turing's Formula

Author : Zhiyi Zhang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119237068
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Implications of Turing's Formula by : Zhiyi Zhang

Download or read book Statistical Implications of Turing's Formula written by Zhiyi Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features a broad introduction to recent research on Turing’s formula and presents modern applications in statistics, probability, information theory, and other areas of modern data science Turing's formula is, perhaps, the only known method for estimating the underlying distributional characteristics beyond the range of observed data without making any parametric or semiparametric assumptions. This book presents a clear introduction to Turing’s formula and its connections to statistics. Topics with relevance to a variety of different fields of study are included such as information theory; statistics; probability; computer science inclusive of artificial intelligence and machine learning; big data; biology; ecology; and genetics. The author provides examinations of many core statistical issues within modern data science from Turing's perspective. A systematic approach to long-standing problems such as entropy and mutual information estimation, diversity index estimation, domains of attraction on general alphabets, and tail probability estimation is presented in light of the most up-to-date understanding of Turing's formula. Featuring numerous exercises and examples throughout, the author provides a summary of the known properties of Turing's formula and explains how and when it works well; discusses the approach derived from Turing's formula in order to estimate a variety of quantities, all of which mainly come from information theory, but are also important for machine learning and for ecological applications; and uses Turing's formula to estimate certain heavy-tailed distributions. In summary, this book: • Features a unified and broad presentation of Turing’s formula, including its connections to statistics, probability, information theory, and other areas of modern data science • Provides a presentation on the statistical estimation of information theoretic quantities • Demonstrates the estimation problems of several statistical functions from Turing's perspective such as Simpson's indices, Shannon's entropy, general diversity indices, mutual information, and Kullback–Leibler divergence • Includes numerous exercises and examples throughout with a fundamental perspective on the key results of Turing’s formula Statistical Implications of Turing's Formula is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners who need a review of the many critical statistical issues of modern data science. This book is also an appropriate learning resource for biologists, ecologists, and geneticists who are involved with the concept of diversity and its estimation and can be used as a textbook for graduate courses in mathematics, probability, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, and information theory. Zhiyi Zhang, PhD, is Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He is an active consultant in both industry and government on a wide range of statistical issues, and his current research interests include Turing's formula and its statistical implications; probability and statistics on countable alphabets; nonparametric estimation of entropy and mutual information; tail probability and biodiversity indices; and applications involving extracting statistical information from low-frequency data space. He earned his PhD in Statistics from Rutgers University.

Integration of Practice-Oriented Knowledge Technology: Trends and Prospectives

Author : Madjid Fathi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642344712
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Practice-Oriented Knowledge Technology: Trends and Prospectives by : Madjid Fathi

Download or read book Integration of Practice-Oriented Knowledge Technology: Trends and Prospectives written by Madjid Fathi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scientific Network of Integrated Systems, Design and Technology (ISDT) is an initiative that has been established to respond industrial needs for integration of “Knowledge Technology" (KT) with multi- and inter-disciplinary applications. In particular the objective of ISDT is to incorporate multilateral engineering disciplines i.e. Composite-, Automotive-, Industrial- , Control- and Micro-Electronics Engineering, and derive knowledge for design and development of innovative product and services. In this context, the discourse of KT is established to address effective use of Knowledge Management, Semantic Technology, Information Systems and Software Engineering towards evolution of adaptive and intelligent systems for industrial applications. This carefully edited book presents the results of the latest ISDT meeting with special involvement of leading researchers and industries whose contributions are presented in the book chapters. This book consists of three main chapters namely: · Chapter 1: Applied Knowledge Management in Practice · Chapter 2: Semantic Technologies for Industrial Management and Process Controlling · Chapter 3: Knowledge Driven Approaches for Product Engineering Each article presents a unique in-progress research with respect to the target goal of improving our common understanding of KT integration and promoting further researches and cooperation in future.

Fuzzy Language in Literature and Translation

Author : Lu SHAO
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000898016
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuzzy Language in Literature and Translation by : Lu SHAO

Download or read book Fuzzy Language in Literature and Translation written by Lu SHAO and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-16 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing a fuzzy logic-based approach into translation studies and drawing on the theory of information entropy, this book discusses the translation of fuzzy language in literary works and advances a new method of measuring text fuzziness between translation and source text. Based on illustrative examples from the popular novel The Da Vinci Code and its two translated Chinese versions, the study demonstrates the fuzziness measuring method through an algorithmic process. More specifically, information entropy is applied to measure the uncertainty associated with readers’ understanding of the original and its corresponding target texts. The underlying hypothesis is that the probability distribution in which readers will understand identified fuzzy discourse is measurable. By further explicating the validity of the hypothesis, it seeks to solve translational “fuzzy” problems in the translation process and offers an alternative, novel approach to the study of “fuzzy” literary texts and their translation. Hopefully, the argument of the book that the intrinsic uncertainty of fuzzy language can be evaluated through Shannon’s information entropy will open up a new avenue to the quantitative description of the fuzziness of language and translation. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in translation studies, applied linguistics, and literary criticism.

Measures of Information and Their Applications

Author : Jagat Narain Kapur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788122426960
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis Measures of Information and Their Applications by : Jagat Narain Kapur

Download or read book Measures of Information and Their Applications written by Jagat Narain Kapur and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book may be regarded as a successor of author's Maximum Entropy Models in Science and Engineering (Wiley), Generalized Maximum Entropy Principle (Sandford), Entropy Optimization Principles and Their Applications (Academic) and Insight into Entropy Optimizations Principles (MSTS). It contains sixty research investigations of the author on measures of entropy, directed divergence, weighted directed divergence, information, principles of maximum entropy, minimum entropy, minimum cross-entropy, minimum entropy, minimum information, minimum weighted information and maximum weighted entropy, most likely and most feasible distributions, duals of optimization problems, entropy optimization under inequality constraints, characterising moments, parameter estimation, maximum entropy approximation for a probability distribution, proving inequalities, laws of information, entropic mean, mean-entropy frontier, logistic-type growth models, birth-death processes, distributions of statistical mechanics, estimation of missing values, theorems of information theory and many others.