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Enhancement Of Pavement Maintenance Decision Making By Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Pavement Maintenance Treatments
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Book Synopsis Enhancement of Pavement Maintenance Decision Making by Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance Treatments by : Qiao Dong
Download or read book Enhancement of Pavement Maintenance Decision Making by Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance Treatments written by Qiao Dong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of different pavement maintenance treatments were evaluated by investigating practical projects collected from Tennessee Pavement Management System (PMS) and Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. The influence of factors on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cracking initiation of different treatment were evaluated by "Optime", multiple linear regression and parametric survival analysis. Pavement roughness, pavement serviceability index (PSI) and the initiation time of cracking were used as pavement performance indicators. Investigation on the pavement maintenance projects in Tennessee by Optime and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that HMA overlay had the highest effectiveness, followed by mill & fill and micro surfacing. Due to the relatively low cost, micro surfacing was the most cost-effective treatment, followed by HMA overlay and mill & fill. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness decreased with the increase of traffic level and pre-treatment pavement condition. Investigation on the LTPP resurfacing treatments indicated that thick overlay and milling reduced the roughness after rehabilitation. Thin overlay, high traffic level and poor pre-rehabilitation pavement condition increased the deterioration rate of new overlay. Using reclaimed asphalt material did not influence the treatment performance but was cost-effective in reducing the roughness of new overlay. For a certain deterioration rate, there was an optimized pre-rehabilitation roughness value or time for applying maintenance treatment. Survival analysis on the crack initiation of asphalt overlay indicated that high traffic level accelerated the initiation of cracking. Thick overlay delayed the initiation of cracking except for the non-wheel path longitudinal crack. Mill retarded the occurrence of the nonfatigue cracks, whereas severe freeze thaw condition accelerated the occurrence of the two types of cracking. Using 30% RAP accelerated the initiation of longitudinal fatigue crack on wheel path but did not cause serious fatigue problem. The performance curves of HMA resurfacing treatments used in Tennessee were calibrated by investigating the influence of different factors on the slopes and intercepts of post-treatment performance curves. The analysis indicated that pavement with high pre-treatment PSI, thick overlay and deep milling had low deterioration rate, whereas pavement with higher traffic level deteriorated faster.
Book Synopsis Developing Cost-effective Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Schedules by : Gulfam Jannat
Download or read book Developing Cost-effective Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Schedules written by Gulfam Jannat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) are the most critical and expensive components of infrastructure asset management. Increasing traffic load, climate change and resource limitations for road maintenance accelerate pavement deterioration and eventually increase the need for future maintenance treatments. Consequently, pavement management programs are increasingly complex. The complexities are attributed to the precise assessment process of the overall pavement condition, realistic distress prediction and identification of cost-effective M&R schedules. Cost-effective road M&R practices are only possible when the evaluation of pavement condition is precise, pavement deterioration models are accurate, and resources must also be available at the right time. In a Pavement Management System (PMS), feasible M&R treatments are identified at the end of each branch of the decision trees. The decision trees are based on empirical relationships of the pavement performance index. Moreover, the predicted improvements in pavement performance for any treatment are set based on engineering experiences. Furthermore, the remaining service life of the pavement is estimated from the predicted deterioration of the overall condition. The future deterioration of the overall condition is estimated based on the initial condition and by considering only the effect of age notwithstanding the effect of traffic or materials. In assessing the overall condition of the pavement, this research overcomes the limitations of engineering judgment by incorporating a Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) approach and estimating the improvement in performance for specific treatment types. It also considers the effect of traffic and materials on pavement performance to precisely predict its future deterioration and subsequent remaining service life. The objective of this research is to develop cost-effective pavement M&R schedules by incorporating (a) the M-E approach into the overall condition index and (b) the estimate of performance indices by considering the factors affecting pavement performance. The research objective will be accomplished by (i) incorporating variability analysis of existing performance evaluation practices and maintenance decisions of pavement, (ii) investigating estimates of existing performance indices, (iii) incorporating the M-E approach: sensitivity analysis, prediction, comparison and verification, (iv) estimating the deterioration model based on traffic characteristics and material types, and (v) identifying cost-effective M&R treatment options through Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). This study uses the pavement performance data of Ontario highways recorded in the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) pavement database. Precise assessment of pavement condition is a significant part in achieving the research goal. In a PMS, an accurate location reference system is necessary for managing pavement evaluations and maintenance. The length of the pavement section selected for evaluation may have a significant impact on the assessment irrespective of the type of performance indices. In Ontario, the highway section lengths range from 50m to 50,000m. For this reason, a variability in performance evaluation is investigated due to changes in section length. This study considers rut depth, Pavement Condition Index (PCI), and International Roughness Index (IRI) as performance indices. The distributions of these indices are compared by the following groupings of section lengths: 50m, 500m, 1,000m and 10,000m. The variations of performance assessments due to changing section lengths are investigated based on their impact on maintenance decisions. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out by varying section lengths to estimate probabilities of maintenance work requirements. Results of such empirical investigations reveal that most of the longer sections are evaluated with low rut depth and the shorter sections are evaluated with high rut depth. This Monte Carlo simulation also reveals that 50m sections have a higher probability of maintenance requirements than 500m sections. The method of estimating performance indices is also investigated to identify the requirement of improvement in estimation of the prediction models. Generally, in a PMS, the prediction models of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are estimated by using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach. However, the OLS approach can be inefficient if unobserved factors influencing individual KPIs are correlated with each other. For this reason, regression models for KPI predictions are estimated by using an approach called the 'Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)' method. The M-E approach is used in this study to predict the future distresses by employing mechanistic-empirical models to analyze the impact of traffic, climate, materials and pavement structure. The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software uses a three-level hierarchical input to predict performance in terms of IRI, permanent deformation (rut depth), total cracking (reflective and alligator), asphalt concrete (AC) thermal fracture, AC bottom-up fatigue cracking and AC top-down fatigue cracking. However, these inputs have different levels of accuracy, which may have a significant impact on performance prediction. It would be ineffective to put effort for obtaining accuracy at Level 1 for all inputs. For this reason, a sensitivity analysis is carried out based on an experimental design to identify the effect of the accuracy level of inputs on the distresses. Following this, a local sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the main effect of input variables. Interaction effects are also analyzed based on a random combination of the inputs. Since the deterioration of pavement is affected by site-specific traffic, local climate and properties of materials, these variables are carefully considered during the development of the pavement deterioration model to assess overall pavement conditions. The prediction model is developed by using a regression approach considering distresses of the M-E approach. In this study, the deterioration model is estimated for three groups of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) to recognize their individual impact along with properties of materials. The time required for maintenance is also estimated for these categories. The investigations reveal that the expected time to maintenance for overlay with Dense Friction Course (DFC) and Superpave mixes is higher than other Hot Laid (HL) asphalt layers. This will help pavement designers and managers to make informed decisions. The probability of failure is also investigated by a probabilistic approach. With the increasing trend towards M&R of existing pavements, it is essential to make cost-effective use of the M&R budget. As such, identification of associated cost-effective M&R treatments is not always simple in most PMS. For this reason, a LCCA is carried out for alternate pavement treatments using the deterioration model based on traffic levels and material types. Comparing the Net Present Worth (NPW) value of alternative treatment options reveals that the overlay of pavement with DFC is the most cost-effective choice in the case of higher AADT. On the other hand, overlay with Hot Laid-1 (HL-1) is a cost-effective treatment option for highway sections with lower AADT. Although the results are related to the Ontario highway system, this can also be applied elsewhere with similar conditions. The outcome of the empirical investigations will result in the adoption of efficient road M&R programs for highways based on realistic performance predictions, which have significant impact on infrastructure asset management.
Book Synopsis PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT by : Faiq M. Sarhan Al-Zwainy
Download or read book PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT written by Faiq M. Sarhan Al-Zwainy and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020-03 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by academic's and practitioners who have lead the implementation of highway management processes and tools at several major corporations. The contents of this book have been presented in an interesting and enjoyable way, enhanced by real pictures of highway projects and pavement maintenance. This book contains five chapters, the first chapter entitled MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT: It was to clarify the concept and importance of maintenance and management professionally and smoothly, While the title of the second chapter is the HIGHWAY PROJECTS, and provided a detailed explanation of the management and implementation of highways, while reviewing the types and importance in the construction sector. The third chapter, entitled PAVEMENT DETERIORATION: The researchers reviewed the types of DETERIORATION in the riged and asphalt pavement, and explained the methods of treatment and maintenance necessary for each type. While the fourth chapter was entitled HIGHY WAY MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS: It reviewed the methods of maintenance and importance in highway project, the fifth chapter entitled: PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: This chapter reviewed the most important global strategies in the management of pavement maintenance.
Book Synopsis Comprehensively Optimized Pavement Management System for Low-volume Paved Roads by : Marwan Hafez
Download or read book Comprehensively Optimized Pavement Management System for Low-volume Paved Roads written by Marwan Hafez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are trying to utilize the best practices of managing low-volume roads (LVRs) due to limited resources and declined transportation funding. Diverse maintenance practices and fluctuating budget allocations are noticed on LVRs which significantly impact the overall pavement performance. In this study, the optimal scheduling of maintenance strategies and effectiveness of treatment options are investigated. Pavement maintenance decision making is supported by three approaches: subjective judgment of pavement engineers; historical data on past practice (i.e., historical pavement performance plots); and optimization-based procedures. The three approaches are integrated using a pavement management data of Colorado LVRs to provide guidelines and recommendations for Colorado DOT (CDOT) and other transportation agencies. The accumulated field experience of Colorado DOT’s pavement engineers is highlighted through a regional survey of practice. In addition, the effectiveness of low-cost treatments on the individual pavement distresses is evaluated using historical values of pavement condition indices. It was concluded that some surface treatments and recycling techniques are effective long-term treatments for fatigue, longitudinal, and transverse cracking. However, the effectiveness of these treatments depends mainly on the initial condition index. Then, an optimization analysis is conducted using genetic algorithms to provide cost-effective capital improvement plans statewide and for deteriorated LVRs with marginal pavement conditions. The large-scale optimization analysis is limited on LVRs for statewide maintenance planning. In this study, the developed optimization models have the ability to maximize the overall pavement condition of LVRs network considering an annual budget constraint. They can also minimize the maintenance costs to achieve desired performance targets by the end of the analysis period. It was concluded that most CDOT engineering regions do not have sufficient maintenance budgets to sustain the network-level pavement condition of LVRs. The results from optimization analysis provide more realistic solutions to define the budget needs on LVRs. Moreover, an effective decision-making process is achieved for each Colorado DOT’s engineering region using a machine-learning approach. Multiple treatment alternatives are proposed using artificial neural networks with pattern recognition algorithms. It was found that these approaches provide beneficial guidelines for managing LVRs in Colorado and nationwide. As a result of this study, transportation agencies can determine future budget needs, funding allocations, and treatment policies in order to demonstrate the best possible use of pavement management resources on LVRs.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Pavement Maintenance Strategies by : Dale E. Peterson
Download or read book Evaluation of Pavement Maintenance Strategies written by Dale E. Peterson and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1981 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This synthesis will be of special interest to maintenance engineers and others seeking information on strategies for parvement maintenance. Detailed information is presented on the selection of alternative treatments within the context of a pavement management system."--Avant-propos.
Book Synopsis Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation and Maintenance by : Prithvi S. Kandhal
Download or read book Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation and Maintenance written by Prithvi S. Kandhal and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1998 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a December 1997 symposium detail innovative and effective strategies for rehabilitation and maintenance of existing highways. Primary topics addressed include pavement evaluation for rehabilitation and management, cold in-place recycling techniques for pavement rehabilitation, effectiven
Book Synopsis Cost-effective Preventive Pavement Maintenance by : Donald N. Geoffroy
Download or read book Cost-effective Preventive Pavement Maintenance written by Donald N. Geoffroy and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to highway agency executive management including administrative, budget, and finance personnel; pavement design, construction, and maintenance engineers; and maintenance operations personnel, including supervisors and maintenance crew leaders. This synthesis describes the state of the practice with respect to setting a coherent strategy of cost-effective preventive maintenance for extending pavement life. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the practices of state, local, and provincial transportation agencies that are attempting to minimize the life-cycle costs of pavements and are identifying, during the design of the pavement rehabilitation, reconstruction, or construction projects, the future preventive maintenance treatments and the timing and funding for those treatments. It includes a review of domestic literature and a survey of current practices in North America. The appendices include a primer on pavement design and construction, the benefits of preventive maintenance of pavements, a summary of the questionnaire data collected, a simulation of pavement management strategies, and an example process to demonstrate the cost- effectiveness of preventive maintenance.
Book Synopsis Measuring Systems and Instrumentation for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance by : Kenneth R. Maser
Download or read book Measuring Systems and Instrumentation for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance written by Kenneth R. Maser and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pavement Maintenance Effectiveness by : Roger Smith
Download or read book Pavement Maintenance Effectiveness written by Roger Smith and published by Strategic Highway Research Program (Shrp). This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated 6 specific preventive treatments. Four treatments are for asphalt concrete surfaced (flexible) pavements: chip seals; crack sealing; slurry seals; and thin overlays. Two treatments are for portland cement concrete surfaced pavements: joint and crack sealing; and undersealing. Performance of the pavement sections with the treatments was compared with the performance of a similar pavement section without the treatment. Performance is measured in terms of pavement distress, roughness profile, surface friction, and structural capacity. All of the flexible pavement test sections and most of the rigid pavement test sections have been constructed. Performance data are being collected. This report discusses the experimental design, project selection, construction, data collection, analysis, and future activities of the pavement maintenance effectiveness project.
Book Synopsis Improvement to Highway Safety Through Network Level Friction Testing and Cost Effective Pavement Maintenance by : Amir Omar Abd El Halim
Download or read book Improvement to Highway Safety Through Network Level Friction Testing and Cost Effective Pavement Maintenance written by Amir Omar Abd El Halim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavements encompass a significant component of the total civil infrastructure investment. In Ontario, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is responsible for the maintenance and construction of approximately 39,000 lane-kilometres of highway. In 2004, the province estimated the value of the total highway system at $39 billion dollars. Thus, managing this asset is an important factor to ensure a high level of service to the traveling public. One of the most important indicators of level of service for a road network is safety. Each year, thousands of motorists across North America are involved in motor vehicle collisions, which result in property damage, congestion, delays, injuries and fatalities. The MTO estimated that in 2002, vehicle collisions in Ontario cost nearly $11 billion. Despite the importance of highway safety, it is usually not considered explicitly in the pavement management framework or maintenance analysis. A number of agencies across North America collect skid data to assess the level of safety at both the project and network level (Li et al, 2004). However, a number of transportation agencies still do not collect friction data as part of their regular pavement data collection programs. This is related to both liability concerns and lack of knowledge for how this data can be effectively used to improve safety. The transportation industry generally relies on information such as collision rates, black-spot locations and radius of curvature to evaluate the level of safety of an alignment (Lamm et al., 1999). These are important factors, but the use of complementary skid data in an organized proactive manner would also be beneficial. In preparation for a considered Long Term Area Maintenance Contract, a project was initiated by the MTO to collect network level friction data across three regions in the Province of Ontario. This project represents the first time friction data was collected at the network level in Ontario. In 2006, approximately 1,800 km of the MTO highway network was surveyed as a part of this study. This research utilized the network level skid data along with collision data to examine the relationships and model the impacts of skid resistance on the level of safety. Despite the value of collecting network level skid data, many Canadian transportation agencies still do not collect network level skid data due to the costs and potential liability associated with the collected data. The safety of highway networks are usually assessed using various levels of service indicators such as Wet-to-Dry accident ratio (W/D), surface friction (SN), or the collision rate (CR). This research focused on developing a framework for assessing the level of safety of a highway network in terms of the risk of collision based on pavement surface friction. The developed safety framework can be used by transportation agencies (federal, state, provincial, municipal, etc.) or the private sector to evaluate the safety of their highway networks and to determine the risk or probability of a collision occurring given the level of friction along the pavement section of interest. As a part of the analysis, a number of factors such as Region, Season of the Year, Environmental Conditions, Road Surface Condition, Collision Severity, Visibility and Roadway Location were all investigated. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed to developed relationships which could relate the total number of collisions or the collision rate (CR) to the level of available pavement friction on a highway section. These models were developed using over 1,200 collisions and skid test results from two Regions in the Province of Ontario. Another component of this study examined the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio and compared it to the Skid Number. A number of Transportation Agencies rely on the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio to identify potential locations with poor skid resistance. The results of the comparison further demonstrated the need and importance of collecting network level skid data. Another component of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various preservation treatments used within the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. In addition, modeling was performed which examined the historical friction trends over time within various environment zones across North America to investigate skid resistance deterioration trends. The results of the analysis demonstrated that commonly used preservation treatments can increase skid resistance and improve safety. The cost effectiveness of implementing preservation and maintenance to increase the level of safety of a highway using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was evaluated. A Decision Making Framework was developed which included the formulation of a Decision Matrix that can be used to assist in selecting a preservation treatment for a given condition. The results of this analysis demonstrate the savings generated by reducing the number of collisions as a result of increasing skid resistance.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements—Mairepav9 by : Christiane Raab
Download or read book Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements—Mairepav9 written by Christiane Raab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the proceedings of an international conference held at Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for materials Science and Technology) in Dübendorf, Switzerland, in July 2020. The conference series was established by the International Society of Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Transport Infrastructure (iSMARTi) for promoting and discussing state-of-the-art design, maintenance, rehabilitation and management of pavements. The inaugural conference was held at Mackenzie Presbyterian University in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2000. The series has steadily grown over the past 20 years, with installments hosted in various countries all over the world. The respective contributions share the latest insights from research and practice in the maintenance and rehabilitation of pavements, and discuss advanced materials, technologies and solutions for achieving an even more sustainable and environmentally friendly infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices by : Jaroslav J. Hajek
Download or read book Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices written by Jaroslav J. Hajek and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 22: Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices explores how airports implement a pavement maintenance management program, including inspecting and tracking pavement condition, scheduling maintenance, identifying necessary funds, and treating distresses in asphalt and concrete pavements.
Book Synopsis Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges and Transit by :
Download or read book Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges and Transit written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Best Practices and Performance Assessment for Preventive Maintenance Treatments for Virginia Pavements by : Edgar de Leon Izeppi
Download or read book Best Practices and Performance Assessment for Preventive Maintenance Treatments for Virginia Pavements written by Edgar de Leon Izeppi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preventive maintenance has the potential to improve network condition by retarding future pavement deterioration. This report outlines guidelines for implementing a preventive maintenance policy for bituminous pavements. Preventive maintenance treatments currently being used in Virginia include chip seal, slurry seal, microsurfacing, and thin hot mix asphalt overlays. Historical pavement condition data were obtained from the Virginia Department of Transportations Pavement Management System for these treatments, and treatment performance models were developed. A district-level treatment selection tool was developed to facilitate the district-level decision-making process. A prioritized list of pavement sections was generated, maximizing the cost-effectiveness of the selected treatments subject to budgetary constraints set by the Central Office. As a pilot implementation, the treatment selection tool was then run for each pavement classification in each district. The results of this pilot suggest that this selection tool has the potential to be a practical decision support tool.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Effectiveness of Pavement Preservation Using Long-term Pavement Performance Data by : Zilong Wang
Download or read book Analysis of Effectiveness of Pavement Preservation Using Long-term Pavement Performance Data written by Zilong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement preservation can retard the development of pavement distresses and improve pavement functional performance. Quantification of the effectiveness of preservation has important implications for the selection of pavement maintenance strategies and decision making in pavement management system. Most of previous studies mainly focused on the effectiveness of preservation on pavement serviceability index (PCI) and roughness; few studies considered the effectiveness of preservation on individual pavement distresses and pavement surface friction. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of pavement preservation on mitigating multiple pavement distresses and restoring pavement surface friction. The datasets are selected from the Specific Pavement Studis-3 (SPS) experiments of the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The SPS-3 includes the performance of four preservation treatments (thin overlay, chip seal, crack seal, and slurry seal) under five design factors (traffic, temperature, precipitation, existing pavement condition, and subgrade type). The pavement distresses considered in the analysis include fatigue cracking, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, and rutting. The effectiveness of pavement preservation is quantified using the distress area ratio, which is associated with the areas under the distress curves after treatments and the distress curves with do-nothing. Statistical tests were used to compare the effectiveness of preservation treatments and identify the significant factors that affect the effectiveness of preservation. Results show that chip seals have little effectiveness in rutting prevention; slurry seals demonstrate effectiveness in longitudinal cracking; crack seals show effectiveness in fatigue cracking. On the other hand, the effectiveness of preservation treatments on pavement surface friction and the long-term variation of friction were investigated. The results of statistical analysis indicate that slurry seal causes significantly greater friction number compared to the control section. Stepwise regression analysis was conducted to quantify the influence of various factors on the long-term variation of pavement friction. The precipitation, freeze index, and pavement roughness showed significant correlation to the friction number in the regression models. The analysis results can aid state pavement agencies better select the appropriate maintenance treatments based on the existing pavement condition to maximize the effectiveness of preservation treatment.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Effects of Pavement Condition on Vehicle Operating Costs by : Karim Chatti
Download or read book Estimating the Effects of Pavement Condition on Vehicle Operating Costs written by Karim Chatti and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Cost-effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance Activities by : Ibrahim Moussa Mouaket
Download or read book Evaluation of Cost-effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance Activities written by Ibrahim Moussa Mouaket and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
