Engineers of Victory

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Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 158836898X
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineers of Victory by : Paul Kennedy

Download or read book Engineers of Victory written by Paul Kennedy and published by Random House. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Paul Kennedy, award-winning author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers and one of today’s most renowned historians, now provides a new and unique look at how World War II was won. Engineers of Victory is a fascinating nuts-and-bolts account of the strategic factors that led to Allied victory. Kennedy reveals how the leaders’ grand strategy was carried out by the ordinary soldiers, scientists, engineers, and businessmen responsible for realizing their commanders’ visions of success. In January 1943, FDR and Churchill convened in Casablanca and established the Allied objectives for the war: to defeat the Nazi blitzkrieg; to control the Atlantic sea lanes and the air over western and central Europe; to take the fight to the European mainland; and to end Japan’s imperialism. Astonishingly, a little over a year later, these ambitious goals had nearly all been accomplished. With riveting, tactical detail, Engineers of Victory reveals how. Kennedy recounts the inside stories of the invention of the cavity magnetron, a miniature radar “as small as a soup plate,” and the Hedgehog, a multi-headed grenade launcher that allowed the Allies to overcome the threat to their convoys crossing the Atlantic; the critical decision by engineers to install a super-charged Rolls-Royce engine in the P-51 Mustang, creating a fighter plane more powerful than the Luftwaffe’s; and the innovative use of pontoon bridges (made from rafts strung together) to help Russian troops cross rivers and elude the Nazi blitzkrieg. He takes readers behind the scenes, unveiling exactly how thousands of individual Allied planes and fighting ships were choreographed to collectively pull off the invasion of Normandy, and illuminating how crew chiefs perfected the high-flying and inaccessible B-29 Superfortress that would drop the atomic bombs on Japan. The story of World War II is often told as a grand narrative, as if it were fought by supermen or decided by fate. Here Kennedy uncovers the real heroes of the war, highlighting for the first time the creative strategies, tactics, and organizational decisions that made the lofty Allied objectives into a successful reality. In an even more significant way, Engineers of Victory has another claim to our attention, for it restores “the middle level of war” to its rightful place in history. Praise for Engineers of Victory “Superbly written and carefully documented . . . indispensable reading for anyone who seeks to understand how and why the Allies won.”—The Christian Science Monitor “An important contribution to our understanding of World War II . . . Like an engineer who pries open a pocket watch to reveal its inner mechanics, [Paul] Kennedy tells how little-known men and women at lower levels helped win the war.”—Michael Beschloss, The New York Times Book Review “Histories of World War II tend to concentrate on the leaders and generals at the top who make the big strategic decisions and on the lowly grunts at the bottom. . . . [Engineers of Victory] seeks to fill this gap in the historiography of World War II and does so triumphantly. . . . This book is a fine tribute.”—The Wall Street Journal “[Kennedy] colorfully and convincingly illustrates the ingenuity and persistence of a few men who made all the difference.”—The Washington Post “This superb book is Kennedy’s best.”—Foreign Affairs

Engineering Victory

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421419386
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Victory by : Thomas F. Army Jr.

Download or read book Engineering Victory written by Thomas F. Army Jr. and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superior engineering skills among Union soldiers helped ensure victory in the Civil War. Engineering Victory brings a fresh approach to the question of why the North prevailed in the Civil War. Historian Thomas F. Army, Jr., identifies strength in engineering—not superior military strategy or industrial advantage—as the critical determining factor in the war’s outcome. Army finds that Union soldiers were able to apply scientific ingenuity and innovation to complex problems in a way that Confederate soldiers simply could not match. Skilled Free State engineers who were trained during the antebellum period benefited from basic educational reforms, the spread of informal educational practices, and a culture that encouraged learning and innovation. During the war, their rapid construction and repair of roads, railways, and bridges allowed Northern troops to pass quickly through the forbidding terrain of the South as retreating and maneuvering Confederates struggled to cut supply lines and stop the Yankees from pressing any advantage. By presenting detailed case studies from both theaters of the war, Army clearly demonstrates how the soldiers’ education, training, and talents spelled the difference between success and failure, victory and defeat. He also reveals massive logistical operations as critical in determining the war’s outcome.

Victory at Sea

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030026531X
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Victory at Sea by : Paul Kennedy

Download or read book Victory at Sea written by Paul Kennedy and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping, lavishly illustrated one-volume history of the rise of American naval power during World War II “A brilliant and gripping book by a master historian working at the top of his powers.”—Fredrik Logevall, Harvard University “Paul Kennedy has written a classic in this sweeping narrative account of the desperate struggle to command the seas and America’s rise as a superpower during the Second World War.”—John H. Maurer, U.S. Naval War College In this engaging narrative, brought to life by marine artist Ian Marshall’s beautiful full‑color paintings, historian Paul Kennedy grapples with the rise and fall of the Great Powers during World War II. Tracking the movements of the six major navies of the Second World War—the allied navies of Britain, France, and the United States and the Axis navies of Germany, Italy, and Japan—Kennedy tells a story of naval battles, maritime campaigns, convoys, amphibious landings, and strikes from the sea. From the elimination of the Italian, German, and Japanese fleets and almost all of the French fleet, to the end of the era of the big‑gunned surface vessel, the advent of the atomic bomb, and the rise of an American economic and military power larger than anything the world had ever seen, Kennedy shows how the strategic landscape for naval affairs was completely altered between 1936 and 1946.

The Perfectionists

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Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062652575
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis The Perfectionists by : Simon Winchester

Download or read book The Perfectionists written by Simon Winchester and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Another gem from one of the world’s justly celebrated historians specializing in unusual and always fascinating subjects and people.” — Booklist (starred review) The revered New York Times bestselling author traces the development of technology from the Industrial Age to the Digital Age to explore the single component crucial to advancement—precision—in a superb history that is both an homage and a warning for our future. The rise of manufacturing could not have happened without an attention to precision. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century England, standards of measurement were established, giving way to the development of machine tools—machines that make machines. Eventually, the application of precision tools and methods resulted in the creation and mass production of items from guns and glass to mirrors, lenses, and cameras—and eventually gave way to further breakthroughs, including gene splicing, microchips, and the Hadron Collider. Simon Winchester takes us back to origins of the Industrial Age, to England where he introduces the scientific minds that helped usher in modern production: John Wilkinson, Henry Maudslay, Joseph Bramah, Jesse Ramsden, and Joseph Whitworth. It was Thomas Jefferson who later exported their discoveries to the fledgling United States, setting the nation on its course to become a manufacturing titan. Winchester moves forward through time, to today’s cutting-edge developments occurring around the world, from America to Western Europe to Asia. As he introduces the minds and methods that have changed the modern world, Winchester explores fundamental questions. Why is precision important? What are the different tools we use to measure it? Who has invented and perfected it? Has the pursuit of the ultra-precise in so many facets of human life blinded us to other things of equal value, such as an appreciation for the age-old traditions of craftsmanship, art, and high culture? Are we missing something that reflects the world as it is, rather than the world as we think we would wish it to be? And can the precise and the natural co-exist in society?

A Call to Arms

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1608194094
Total Pages : 916 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis A Call to Arms by : Maury Klein

Download or read book A Call to Arms written by Maury Klein and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The colossal scale of World War II required a mobilization effort greater than anything attempted in all of the world's history. The United States had to fight a war across two oceans and three continents--and to do so, it had to build and equip a military that was all but nonexistent before the war began. Never in the nation's history did it have to create, outfit, transport, and supply huge armies, navies, and air forces on so many distant and disparate fronts. The Axis powers might have fielded better-trained soldiers, better weapons, and better tanks and aircraft, but they could not match American productivity. The United States buried its enemies in aircraft, ships, tanks, and guns; in this sense, American industry and American workers, won World War II. The scale of the effort was titanic, and the result historic. Not only did it determine the outcome of the war, but it transformed the American economy and society. Maury Klein's A Call to Arms is the definitive narrative history of this epic struggle--told by one of America's greatest historians of business and economics--and renders the transformation of America with a depth and vividness never available before.

Grand Strategies in War and Peace

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300056662
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis Grand Strategies in War and Peace by : Paul M. Kennedy

Download or read book Grand Strategies in War and Peace written by Paul M. Kennedy and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how the US, the Soviet Union and various European powers have developed their grand Strategies - how they have integrated their political, economic and military goals in order to preserve their long-term interests in times of war and peace.

The Arsenal of Democracy

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Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0547719280
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (477 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arsenal of Democracy by : Albert J. Baime

Download or read book The Arsenal of Democracy written by Albert J. Baime and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2014 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles Detroit's dramatic transition from an automobile manufacturing center to a highly efficient producer of World War II airplanes, citing the essential role of Edsel Ford's rebellion against his father, Henry Ford.

The Rise And Fall of British Naval Mastery

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0141983833
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise And Fall of British Naval Mastery by : Paul Kennedy

Download or read book The Rise And Fall of British Naval Mastery written by Paul Kennedy and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Kennedy's classic naval history, now updated with a new introduction by the author This acclaimed book traces Britain's rise and fall as a sea power from the Tudors to the present day. Challenging the traditional view that the British are natural 'sons of the waves', he suggests instead that the country's fortunes as a significant maritime force have always been bound up with its economic growth. In doing so, he contributes significantly to the centuries-long debate between 'continental' and 'maritime' schools of strategy over Britain's policy in times of war. Setting British naval history within a framework of national, international, economic, political and strategic considerations, he offers a fresh approach to one of the central questions in British history. A new introduction extends his analysis into the twenty-first century and reflects on current American and Chinese ambitions for naval mastery. 'Excellent and stimulating' Correlli Barnett 'The first scholar to have set the sweep of British Naval history against the background of economic history' Michael Howard, Sunday Times 'By far the best study that has ever been done on the subject ... a sparkling and apt quotation on practically every page' Daniel A. Baugh, International History Review 'The best single-volume study of Britain and her naval past now available to us' Jon Sumida, Journal of Modern History

Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421412667
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964 by : Takashi Nishiyama

Download or read book Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964 written by Takashi Nishiyama and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of engineering communities in taking Japan from a defeated war machine into a peacetime technology leader. Naval, aeronautic, and mechanical engineers played a powerful part in the military buildup of Japan in the early and mid-twentieth century. They belonged to a militaristic regime and embraced the importance of their role in it. Takashi Nishiyama examines the impact of war and peace on technological transformation during the twentieth century. He is the first to study the paradoxical and transformative power of Japan’s defeat in World War II through the lens of engineering. Nishiyama asks: How did authorities select and prepare young men to be engineers? How did Japan develop curricula adequate to the task (and from whom did the country borrow)? Under what conditions? What did the engineers think of the planes they built to support Kamikaze suicide missions? But his study ultimately concerns the remarkable transition these trained engineers made after total defeat in 1945. How could the engineers of war machines so quickly turn to peaceful construction projects such as designing the equipment necessary to manufacture consumer products? Most important, they developed new high-speed rail services, including the Shinkansen Bullet Train. What does this change tell us not only about Japan at war and then in peacetime but also about the malleability of engineering cultures? Nishiyama aims to counterbalance prevalent Eurocentric/Americentric views in the history of technology. Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964 sets the historical experience of one country’s technological transformation in a larger international framework by studying sources in six different languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish. The result is a fascinating read for those interested in technology, East Asia, and international studies. Nishiyama's work offers lessons to policymakers interested in how a country can recover successfully after defeat.

Blind Bombing

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Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1640122796
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Blind Bombing by : Norman Fine

Download or read book Blind Bombing written by Norman Fine and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2019-12 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silver Medal winner in the Independent Book Publishers Awards Late in 1939 Nazi Germany was poised to overrun Europe and extend Adolf Hitler's fascist control. At the same time, however, two British physicists invented the resonant cavity magnetron. About the size of a hockey puck, it unlocked the enormous potential of radar exclusively for the Allies. Since the discovery of radar early in the twentieth century, development across most of the world had progressed only incrementally. Germany and Japan had radar as well, but in just three years, the Allies' new radar, incorporating the top-secret cavity magnetron, turned the tide of war from doubtful to a known conclusion before the enemy even figured out how. The tactical difference between the enemy's primitive radar and the Allies' new radar was similar to that between a musket and a rifle. The cavity magnetron proved to be the single most influential new invention contributing to winning the war in Europe. Norman Fine tells the relatively unknown story of radar's transformation from a technical curiosity to a previously unimaginable offensive weapon. We meet scientists and warriors critical to the story of radar and its pressure-filled development and implementation. Blind Bombing brings to light two characters who played an integral role in the story as it unfolded: one, a brilliant and opinionated scientist, the other, an easygoing twenty-one-year-old caught up in the peacetime draft. This unlikely pair and a handful of their cohorts pioneered a revolution in warfare. They formulated new offensive tactics by trying, failing, and persevering, ultimately overcoming the naysayers and obstructionists on their own side and finally the enemy. For more information about Blind Bombing, visit millwoodhouse.com.

Beyond the Lab and the Field

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Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822987783
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the Lab and the Field by : Eike-Christian Heine

Download or read book Beyond the Lab and the Field written by Eike-Christian Heine and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the Lab and the Field analyzes infrastructures as intense sites of knowledge production in the Americas, Europe, and Asia since the late nineteenth century. Moving beyond classical places known for yielding scientific knowledge, chapters in this volume explore how the construction and maintenance of canals, highways, dams, irrigation schemes, the oil industry, and logistic networks intersected with the creation of know-how and expertise. Referred to by the authors as “scientific bonanzas,” such intersections reveal opportunities for great wealth, but also distress and misfortune. This volume explores how innovative technologies provided research opportunities for scientists and engineers, as they relied on expertise to operate, which resulted in enormous profits for some. But, like the history of any gold rush, the history of infrastructure also reveals how technologies of modernity transformed nature, disrupting communities and destroying the local environment. Focusing not on the victory march of science and technology but on ambivalent change, contributors consider the role of infrastructures for ecology, geology, archaeology, soil science, engineering, ethnography, heritage, and polar exploration. Together, they also examine largely overlooked perspectives on modernity: the reliance of infrastructure on knowledge, and infrastructures as places and occasions that inspired a greater understanding of the natural world and the technologically made environment.

Brute Force

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Brute Force by : John Ellis

Download or read book Brute Force written by John Ellis and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Råvarer; Krigsindustri; Våbenindustri; Brændstof; Logistik; Forsyninger; Forsyningstjenesten; Krigsproduktion; Våbenproduktion; Fabrikker; Økonomi; Statistik; Våbenfremstilling; Flyvemaskinefabrikker; Allied Aircrafts; Allied Armed Forces; Fighters; Aksemagterne; Konvojer; Churchill; Østfronten: Stillehavskrigen; Hitler; Blokade; Olie; Radar; Shipping; Ships; Tanks; Udrustning; U-både; US Navy

How the War Was Won

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107014751
Total Pages : 655 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis How the War Was Won by : Phillips Payson O'Brien

Download or read book How the War Was Won written by Phillips Payson O'Brien and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important new history of air and sea power in World War II and its decisive role in Allied victory.

Why the Allies Won

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Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393651762
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Why the Allies Won by : Richard Overy

Download or read book Why the Allies Won written by Richard Overy and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2024-11-12 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overy has written a masterpiece of analytical history, posing and answering one of the great questions of the century."—Sunday Times (London) Richard Overy's bold book begins by throwing out the stock answers to this great question: Germany doomed itself to defeat by fighting a two-front war; the Allies won by "sheer weight of material strength." In fact, by 1942 Germany controlled almost the entire resources of continental Europe and was poised to move into the Middle East. The Soviet Union had lost the heart of its industry, and the United States was not yet armed. The Allied victory in 1945 was not inevitable. Overy shows us exactly how the Allies regained military superiority and why they were able to do it. He recounts the decisive campaigns: the war at sea, the crucial battles on the eastern front, the air war, and the vast amphibious assault on Europe. He then explores the deeper factors affecting military success and failure: industrial strength, fighting ability, the quality of leadership, and the moral dimensions of the war.

The Parliament of Man

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Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307387607
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parliament of Man by : Paul Kennedy

Download or read book The Parliament of Man written by Paul Kennedy and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Parliament of Man is the first definitive history of the United Nations, from one of America's greatest living historians.Distinguished scholar Paul Kennedy, author of the bestselling The Rise and Fall of Great Powers, gives us a thorough and timely account that explains the UN's roots and functions while also casting an objective eye on its effectiveness and its prospects for success in meeting the challenges that lie ahead. Kennedy shows the UN for what it is: fallible, human-based, often dependent on the whims of powerful national governments or the foibles of individual administrators—yet also utterly indispensable. With his insightful grasp of six decades of global history, Kennedy convincingly argues that "it is difficult to imagine how much more riven and ruinous our world of six billion people would be if there had been no UN."

Magnificent Women and their Revolutionary Machines

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Publisher : Unbound Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783526793
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnificent Women and their Revolutionary Machines by : Henrietta Heald

Download or read book Magnificent Women and their Revolutionary Machines written by Henrietta Heald and published by Unbound Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Women have won their political independence. Now is the time for them to achieve their economic freedom too.’ This was the great rallying cry of the pioneers who, in 1919, created the Women’s Engineering Society. Spearheaded by Katharine and Rachel Parsons, a powerful mother and daughter duo, and Caroline Haslett, whose mission was to liberate women from domestic drudgery, it was the world’s first professional organisation dedicated to the campaign for women's rights. Magnificent Women and their Revolutionary Machines tells the stories of the women at the heart of this group – from their success in fanning the flames of a social revolution to their significant achievements in engineering and technology. It centres on the parallel but contrasting lives of the two main protagonists, Rachel Parsons and Caroline Haslett – one born to privilege and riches whose life ended in dramatic tragedy; the other who rose from humble roots to become the leading professional woman of her age and mistress of the thrilling new power of the twentieth century: electricity. In this fascinating book, acclaimed biographer Henrietta Heald also illuminates the era in which the society was founded. From the moment when women in Britain were allowed to vote for the first time, and to stand for Parliament, she charts the changing attitudes to women’s rights both in society and in the workplace.

Engineering Victory

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Author :
Publisher : Southern Illinois University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780809339341
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Victory by : Justin S. Solonick

Download or read book Engineering Victory written by Justin S. Solonick and published by Southern Illinois University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 25, 1863, after driving the Confederate army into defensive lines surrounding Vicksburg, Mississippi, Union major general Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee laid siege to the fortress city. With no reinforcements and dwindling supplies, the Army of Vicksburg finally surrendered on July 4, yielding command of the Mississippi River to Union forces and effectively severing the Confederacy. In this illuminating volume, Justin S. Solonick offers the first detailed study of how Grant’s midwesterners serving in the Army of the Tennessee engineered the siege of Vicksburg, placing the event within the broader context of U.S. and European military history and nineteenth-century applied science in trench warfare and field fortifications. In doing so, he shatters the Lost Cause myth that Vicksburg’s Confederate garrison surrendered due to lack of provisions. Instead of being starved out, Solonick explains, the Confederates were dug out. After opening with a sophisticated examination of nineteenth-century military engineering and the history of siege craft, Solonick discusses the stages of the Vicksburg siege and the implements and tactics Grant’s soldiers used to achieve victory. As Solonick shows, though Grant lacked sufficient professional engineers to organize a traditional siege—an offensive tactic characterized by cutting the enemy’s communication lines and digging forward-moving approach trenches—the few engineers available, when possible, gave Union troops a crash course in military engineering. Ingenious midwestern soldiers, in turn, creatively applied engineering maxims to the situation at Vicksburg, demonstrating a remarkable ability to adapt in the face of adversity. When instruction and oversight were not possible, the common soldiers improvised. Solonick concludes with a description of the surrender of Vicksburg, an analysis of the siege’s effect on the outcome of the Civil War, and a discussion of its significance in western military history. Solonick’s study of the Vicksburg siege focuses on how the American Civil War was a transitional one with its own distinct nature, not the last Napoleonic war or the herald of modern warfare. At Vicksburg, he reveals, a melding of traditional siege craft with the soldiers’ own inventiveness resulted in Union victory during the largest, most successful siege in American history.