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Enclosure And The Yeoman
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Author :Robert C. Allen Publisher :Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press ; Toronto : Oxford University Press ISBN 13 : Total Pages :400 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Enclosure and the Yeoman by : Robert C. Allen
Download or read book Enclosure and the Yeoman written by Robert C. Allen and published by Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press ; Toronto : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the shift from medieval to modern institutions in English agriculture and their importance for productivity, distribution, and their contribution to British economic growth, Allen's pioneering study shows that, contrary to the general assumption of many historians, small-scale farmers in the open-field system were responsible for a considerable proportion of the productivity growth achieved between the middle ages and the nineteenth century. The process of enclosure and the replacement of these yeoman farms with large-scale tenant farming relying on wage labor had relatively little impact on the agricultural contribution to economic development during industrial revolution. Enclosures and large farms enriched landowners without benefiting consumers, workers, or farmers. Thoroughly grounded in archival sources, and underpinned by rigorous economic analysis, this book is a scholarly and challenging reassessment of the history of English agriculture.
Author :Robert C. Allen Publisher :Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press ; Toronto : Oxford University Press ISBN 13 : Total Pages :400 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Enclosure and the Yeoman by : Robert C. Allen
Download or read book Enclosure and the Yeoman written by Robert C. Allen and published by Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press ; Toronto : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the shift from medieval to modern institutions in English agriculture and their importance for productivity, distribution, and their contribution to British economic growth, Allen's pioneering study shows that, contrary to the general assumption of many historians, small-scale farmers in the open-field system were responsible for a considerable proportion of the productivity growth achieved between the middle ages and the nineteenth century. The process of enclosure and the replacement of these yeoman farms with large-scale tenant farming relying on wage labor had relatively little impact on the agricultural contribution to economic development during industrial revolution. Enclosures and large farms enriched landowners without benefiting consumers, workers, or farmers. Thoroughly grounded in archival sources, and underpinned by rigorous economic analysis, this book is a scholarly and challenging reassessment of the history of English agriculture.
Book Synopsis The Enclosure Maps of England and Wales 1595-1918 by : Roger J. P. Kain
Download or read book The Enclosure Maps of England and Wales 1595-1918 written by Roger J. P. Kain and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-07 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first comprehensive study of the enclosure mapping of England and Wales. Enclosure maps are fundamental sources of evidence in many types of historical inquiries. Although modern historians tend to view these large-scale maps essentially as sources of data on past economies and societies, this book argues that enclosure maps had a much more active role at the time they were compiled. Seen from this perspective of their contemporary society, enclosure maps are not simply antiquarian curiosities, cultural artefacts, or useful sources for historians but instruments of land reorganisation and control which both reflected and consolidated the power of those who commissioned them. The book is accompanied by a fully searchable, descriptive and analytical web catalogue of all parliamentary and non-parliamentary enclosure maps extant in public archives and libraries and offers an essential research tool for economic, social and local historians and for geographers, lawyers and planners.
Book Synopsis Industrieentwicklung by : Franz Bosbach
Download or read book Industrieentwicklung written by Franz Bosbach and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der eigenen Industrie war (spätestens) seit dem 19. Jahrhundert immer wieder Gegenstand sorgenvoller Blicke auf eigene Schwächen und fremde Stärken. Am Beispiel britischer und deutscher Debatten der jüngeren Vergangenheit untersucht der Band Erfolg und Misserfolg unterschiedlicher Strategien von Maßnahmen zur Steigerung individueller Leistungsbereitschaft bis hin zu großen Reformprojekten wie dem "Thatcherismus".
Book Synopsis The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the Northern Family Farmer by : James L. Huston
Download or read book The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the Northern Family Farmer written by James L. Huston and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: JAMES L. HUSTON is professor of history at Oklahoma State University and the author of The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War; Securing the Fruits of Labor: The American Concept of Wealth Distribution, 1765-1900; Calculating the Value of the Union: Slavery, Property Rights, and the Economic Origins of the Civil War ; and Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality.
Download or read book Hijacked written by Elizabeth Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the work ethic? Does it justify policies that promote the wealth and power of the One Percent at workers' expense? Or does it advance policies that promote workers' dignity and standing? Hijacked explores how the history of political economy has been a contest between these two ideas about whom the work ethic is supposed to serve. Today's neoliberal ideology deploys the work ethic on behalf of the One Percent. However, workers and their advocates have long used the work ethic on behalf of ordinary people. By exposing the ideological roots of contemporary neoliberalism as a perversion of the seventeenth-century Protestant work ethic, Elizabeth Anderson shows how we can reclaim the original goals of the work ethic, and uplift ourselves again. Hijacked persuasively and powerfully demonstrates how ideas inspired by the work ethic informed debates among leading political economists of the past, and how these ideas can help us today.
Book Synopsis Parliamentary Enclosure in England by : Gordon E Mingay
Download or read book Parliamentary Enclosure in England written by Gordon E Mingay and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enclosure transformed the old open fields and common lands of England to create the modern rural landscape. It changed forever the life of many villages, but provided food for a rapidly rising population. Its methods and consequences were controversial - many rural poor lost their access to land - and the subject is still a cause of dispute. Gordon Mingay's authoritative survey guides the reader through the complexities of the topic. He describes the processes by which land was reorganised and analyses the impact of enclosure regionally. Throughout he stresses the extent of local variation which make the subject so complex.
Book Synopsis The English Revolution and the Roots of Environmental Change by : George Yerby
Download or read book The English Revolution and the Roots of Environmental Change written by George Yerby and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study brings a new perspective to a pivotal debate: the causes of the English Revolution. It pinpoints the economic motives behind the opposition to the crown, and shows their connection to the changing mind-set and political transitions of the time. Distinctively, it identifies the radicalism of the mercantile sphere, and the developing claim of "freedom of trade," the basis on which parliament challenged the king’s fiscal prerogative. Freedom of trade was associated with rights of consent, which were asserted as a guarantee of economic interests, and as a political principle. This informed the constitutional changes pushed through by parliament early in 1641, establishing freedom of trade by parliamentary control of the customs, and giving the assembly an automatic place at the center of affairs, the first requirement of representative government. Crucially, it was not the crown but parliament that appropriated the state interest, through an independent definition of national priorities. As England coalesced into a political and commercial unit, the open and communal patterns of medieval times were overlaid. The land itself came to be perceived and used in a different way. Freedom of trade had an agrarian aspect. An extended class of gentry and yeomanry occupied consolidated farms, displacing the smallholders from the common lands. With intensified marketing, the old moral restraints on trade and property died away. A more exploitative ethic undermined the balance of relationship with the land. The book makes an original connection between the English Revolution and the processes of environmental change.
Book Synopsis The Empire of Habit by : John Baltes
Download or read book The Empire of Habit written by John Baltes and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2016 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plague State -- Conclusion: Locke's Labor -- 4 Locke the Landgrave: Inegalitarian Discipline -- Locke in Context: Shaftesbury's Pen or Ashcraft's Radical? -- Waldron's Locke -- The Democratic Intellect -- Teleology and Equality -- Conclusion: Locke's Inegalitarian Discipline -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index
Book Synopsis The Yeoman in Tudor and Stuart England by : Albert J. Schmidt
Download or read book The Yeoman in Tudor and Stuart England written by Albert J. Schmidt and published by Associated University Presse. This book was released on 1961 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Folger guides provide lively, authoritative surveys of important aspects of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English cultural history. Attractively illustrated with material from contemporary documents, the Guides are designed for the general reader and are particularly valuable as enrichment resources for courses in Renaissance history and literature.
Book Synopsis Moral Play and Counterpublic by : Ineke Murakami
Download or read book Moral Play and Counterpublic written by Ineke Murakami and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, Murakami overturns the misconception that popular English morality plays were simple medieval vehicles for disseminating conservative religious doctrine. On the contrary, Murakami finds that moral drama came into its own in the sixteenth century as a method for challenging normative views on ethics, economics, social rank, and political obligation. From its inception in itinerate troupe productions of the late fifteenth century, "moral play" served not as a cloistered form, but as a volatile public forum. This book demonstrates how the genre’s apparently inert conventions—from allegorical characters to the battle between good and evil for Mankind’s soul—veiled critical explorations of topical issues. Through close analysis of plays representing key moments of formal and ideological innovation from 1465 to 1599, Murakami makes a new argument for what is at stake in the much-discussed anxiety around the entwined social practices of professional theater and the emergent capitalist market. Moral play fostered a phenomenon that was ultimately more threatening to ‘the peace’ of the realm than either theater or the notorious market--a political self-consciousness that gave rise to ephemeral, non-elite counterpublics who defined themselves against institutional forms of authority.
Download or read book Enclosure written by Gary Fields and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enclosure marshals bold new arguments about the nature of the conflict in Israel/Palestine. Gary Fields examines the dispossession of Palestinians from their land—and Israel’s rationale for seizing control of Palestinian land—in the contexts of a broad historical analysis of power and space and of an enduring discourse about land improvement. Focusing on the English enclosures (which eradicated access to common land across the English countryside), Amerindian dispossession in colonial America, and Palestinian land loss, Fields shows how exclusionary landscapes have emerged across time and geography. Evidence that the same moral, legal, and cartographic arguments were used by enclosers of land in very different historical environments challenges Israel’s current claim that it is uniquely beleaguered. This comparative framework also helps readers in the United States and the United Kingdom understand the Israeli/Palestinian conflict in the context of their own histories.
Book Synopsis Militarizing the Environment by : Robert P. Marzec
Download or read book Militarizing the Environment written by Robert P. Marzec and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the seriousness of climate change becomes more and more obvious, military institutions are responding by taking a prominent role in the governing of environmental concerns, engaging in “climate change war games,” and preparing for the effects of climate change—from conflicts due to loss of food, water, and energy to the mass migration of millions of people displaced by rising sea levels. This combat-oriented stance stems from a self-destructive pattern of thought that Robert P. Marzec names “environmentality,” an attitude that has been affecting human–environmental relations since the seventeenth century. Militarizing the Environment traces the rise of this influential mindset in America and other nations that threatens to supplant ideas of sustainability with demands for adaptation. In this extensive historical study of scientific, military, political, and economic formations across five centuries, Marzec reveals how environmentality has been instrumental in the development of today’s security society—informing the creation of the military-industrial complex during World War II and the National Security Act that established the CIA during the Cold War. Now embedded in contemporary Western thought, environmentality has even infiltrated scientific thinking—transforming Darwinian insights into a quasi-theology that makes security the biological basis of existence. Marzec exposes the self-destructive nature of this increasingly accepted worldview and offers alternatives that counter the blind alleys of national and global security.
Book Synopsis Selected Readings in Rural Economics by : Thomas Nixon Carver
Download or read book Selected Readings in Rural Economics written by Thomas Nixon Carver and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The War against the Commons by : Ian Angus
Download or read book The War against the Commons written by Ian Angus and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique historical account of poor peoples’ self-defence strategies in the face of the plunder of their lands and labor For five centuries, the development of capitalism has been inextricably connected to the expropriation of working people from the land they depended on for subsistence. Through ruling class assaults known as enclosures or clearances, shared common land became privately-owned capital, and peasant farmers became propertyless laborers who could only survive by working for the owners of land or capital. As Ian Angus documents in The War Against the Commons, mass opposition to dispossession has never ceased. His dramatic account provides new insights into an opposition that ranged from stubborn non-compliance to open rebellion, including eyewitness accounts of campaigns in which thousands of protestors tore down fences and restored common access to pastures and forests. Such movements, he shows, led to the Diggers’ call for a new society based on shared ownership and use of the land, an appeal that was more sophisticated and radical than anything else written before the 1800s. Contrary to many accounts that treat the reorganization of agriculture as a purely domestic matter, Angus shows that there were close connections between the enclosures in Britain and imperial expansion. The consolidation of some of the largest estates in England and Scotland was directly financed by the forced labor of African slaves and the colonial plunder of India. This unique historical account of ruling class robbery and poor peoples’ resistance offers answers to key questions about the history of capitalism. Was enclosure a “necessary evil” that enabled economic growth? What role did deliberate promotion of hunger play in the creation of the working class? How did Marx and Engels view the separation of workers from the land, and how does resistance to enclosure continue in the 21st century?
Book Synopsis World of the Small Farmer by : Patricia Croot
Download or read book World of the Small Farmer written by Patricia Croot and published by Univ of Hertfordshire Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed and original study of early-modern agrarian society in the Somerset Levels examines the small landholders in a group of sixteen contiguous parishes in the area known as Brent Marsh. These were farmers with lifehold tenures and a mixed agricultural production whose activities and outlook are shown to be very different from that of the small 'peasant' farmers of so many general histories. Patricia Croot challenges the idea that small farmers failed to contribute to the productivity and commercialization of the early-modern economy. While the emergence of large capitalist farms was an important development, these added to the production of existing small cultivators, rather than replacing them. The idea that only large-scale, specialized farmers were involved in agricultural progress, or that their contribution alone was enough to account for the great increase in food production by the late 17th century is questioned; small farmers continued to make a living, contributed to the market, and survived alongside the new, bigger farms. Croot's in-depth study not only adds to our knowledge of agrarian society generally, but shows that far from being backward and interested primarily in subsistence farming, small producers in this area sought profit in making the best use of their resources, however limited, being flexible in their production and growing new or unusual crops. The main land tenures, copy and lease for lives, are also covered in detail, contributing to current debates on landholding and sub-tenancy. The author shows the uses to which lifehold tenures could be put, resulting in the increasing financial strength of copyholders and their dominance in local society. The effects of the tenure and profits of farming can be seen in the way that families were provided for, as well as in the roles that women played and the responsibility they had in economic and social life, while the wider interests of the inhabitants are shown in their religious and political engagement in events of the 17th century. Patricia Croot's meticulous study is a valuable contribution to English agrarian history, and in particular to the history of this under-researched region.
Book Synopsis Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists by : Raghuram Rajan
Download or read book Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists written by Raghuram Rajan and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2003-02-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capitalism’s biggest problem is the executive in pinstripes who extols the virtues of competitive markets with every breath while attempting to extinguish them with every action. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists is a groundbreaking book that will radically change our understanding of the capitalist system, particularly the role of financial markets. They are the catalyst for inspiring human ingenuity and spreading prosperity. The perception of many, especially in the wake of never-ending corporate scandals, is that financial markets are parasitic institutions that feed off the blood, sweat, and tears of the rest of us. The reality is far different. •Vibrant financial markets threaten the sclerotic corporate establishment and increase corporate mobility and opportunity. They are the reason why entrepreneurship flourishes and companies like The Home Depot and Wal-Mart—mere fly specks a quarter of a century ago—have surged as they have. •They mean personal freedom and economic development for more people. Throughout history, and in most of the world today, the record is one of financial oppression. Elites restrict access to capital and severely limit not only general economic development but that of individuals as well. •Open borders help check the political and economic elites and preserve competitive markets. The greatest danger of the antiglobalization movement is that it will keep the rich rich and the poor poor. Globalization forces countries to do what is necessary to make their economies productive, not what is best for incumbent elites. Open borders limit the ability of domestic politics to close down competition and to retard financial and economic growth. •Markets are especially susceptible in economic downturns when the establishment can exploit public anger to restrict competition and access to capital. While markets must be free to practice “creative destruction,” Rajan and Zingales demonstrate the political and economic importance of a sustainable distribution of wealth and a baseline safety net. Capitalism needs a heart for its own good! There are no iron laws of economics that condemn countries like Bangladesh to perpetual poverty or the United States to perpetual prosperity. The early years of the twentieth century saw vibrant, open financial markets that were creating widespread prosperity. Then came the “Great Reversal” during the Great Depression. It can—and will—happen again, unless there is greater understanding of what markets do, who benefits, and who really wants to either limit them or shut them down. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists breaks free of traditional ideological arguments of the right and left and points to a new way of understanding and spreading the extraordinary wealth-generating capabilities of capitalism.
