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Empty Logic
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Download or read book Empty Logic written by Hsueh-li Cheng and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. This book was released on 1991 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABOUT THE BOOK:There has been a growing interest in Buddhist thought among Western scholars, especially in the philosophical teachings of the Madhyamika. In this book Prof. Cheng deals with its principle doctrines, its philosophy and its influence on
Book Synopsis New Essays in Free Logic by : E. Morscher
Download or read book New Essays in Free Logic written by E. Morscher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free logic - i.e., logic free of existential presuppositions in general and with respect to singular terms in particular- began to come into its own as a field of research in the 1950s. As is the case with so many developments in Western philosophy, its roots can be traced back to ancient Greek philo sophy. It is only during the last fifty years, however, that it has become well established as a branch of modern logic. The name of Karel Lambert is most closely connected with this development: he gave it its name and its profile as a well defined field of research. After a development of fifty years, it is time to look back and take stock while at the same time scanning for new perspectives. This is the purpose of the papers collected in this volume. The first paper is written by Karel Lambert himself who also comments on all the papers of the other authors. In an introductory essay we give a survey of the present status of and new directions in free logic.
Download or read book One True Logic written by Owen Griffiths and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical monism is the claim that there is a single correct logic, the 'one true logic' of our title. The view has evident appeal, as it reflects assumptions made in ordinary reasoning as well as in mathematics, the sciences, and the law. In all these spheres, we tend to believe that there aredeterminate facts about the validity of arguments. Despite its evident appeal, however, logical monism must meet two challenges. The first is the challenge from logical pluralism, according to which there is more than one correct logic. The second challenge is to determine which form of logicalmonism is the correct one.One True Logic is the first monograph to explicitly articulate a version of logical monism and defend it against the first challenge. It provides a critical overview of the monism vs pluralism debate and argues for the former. It also responds to the second challenge by defending a particularmonism, based on a highly infinitary logic. It breaks new ground on a number of fronts and unifies disparate discussions in the philosophical and logical literature. In particular, it generalises the Tarski-Sher criterion of logicality, provides a novel defence of this generalisation, offers a clearnew argument for the logicality of infinitary logic and replies to recent pluralist arguments.
Download or read book First Order Logic written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-06-25 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is First Order Logic First-order logic is a collection of formal systems that are utilized in the fields of mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. Other names for first-order logic include predicate logic, quantificational logic, and first-order predicate calculus. In first-order logic, quantified variables take precedence over non-logical objects, and the use of sentences that contain variables is permitted. As a result, rather than making assertions like "Socrates is a man," one can make statements of the form "there exists x such that x is Socrates and x is a man," where "there exists" is a quantifier and "x" is a variable. This is in contrast to propositional logic, which does not make use of quantifiers or relations; propositional logic serves as the basis for first-order logic in this sense. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: First-order logic Chapter 2: Axiom Chapter 3: Propositional calculus Chapter 4: Peano axioms Chapter 5: Universal quantification Chapter 6: Conjunctive normal form Chapter 7: Consistency Chapter 8: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory Chapter 9: Interpretation (logic) Chapter 10: Quantifier rank (II) Answering the public top questions about first order logic. (III) Real world examples for the usage of first order logic in many fields. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of first order logic.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Logic by : Jess Drake
Download or read book Introduction to Logic written by Jess Drake and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic originally meaning "e;the word"e; or "e;what is spoken"e; is generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of arguments. A valid argument is one where there is a specific relation of logical support between the assumptions of the argument and its conclusion. There is no universal agreement as to the exact scope and subject matter of logic, but it has traditionally included the classification of arguments, the systematic exposition of the 'logical form' common to all valid arguments, the study of inference, including fallacies, and the study of semantics, including paradoxes. Historically, logic has been studied in philosophy and mathematics and recently logic has been studied in computer science, linguistics, psychology, and other fields. The book is about the logic and talks about various aspects of it such as general character of the enquiry, argument from analogy, mathematical reasoning, etc. This book will prove to be very useful for the people interested in logic as well as the students of logic.
Download or read book Plural Logic written by Alex Oliver and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-04 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a natural point of entry to what for most readers will be a new subject. Plural logic deals with plural terms ('Whitehead and Russell', 'Henry VIII's wives', 'the real numbers', 'the square root of -1', 'they'), plural predicates ('surrounded the fort', 'are prime', 'are consistent', 'imply'), and plural quantification ('some things', 'any things'). Current logic is singularist: its terms stand for at most one thing. By contrast, the foundational thesis of this book is that a particular term may legitimately stand for several things at once; in other words, there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation. The authors argue that plural phenomena need to be taken seriously and that the only viable response is to adopt a plural logic, a logic based on plural denotation. They expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists. A formal system of plural logic is presented in three stages, before being applied to Cantorian set theory as an illustration. Technicalities have been kept to a minimum, and anyone who is familiar with the classical predicate calculus should be able to follow it. The authors' approach is an attractive blend of no-nonsense argumentative directness and open-minded liberalism, and they convey the exciting and unexpected richness of their subject. Mathematicians and linguists, as well as logicians and philosophers, will find surprises in this book. This second edition includes a greatly expanded treatment of the paradigm empty term zilch, a much strengthened treatment of Cantorian set theory, and a new chapter on higher-level plural logic.
Book Synopsis Beginning Logic by : Edward John Lemmon
Download or read book Beginning Logic written by Edward John Lemmon and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 1978-01-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the most careful and intensive among the introductory texts that can be used with a wide range of students. It builds remarkably sophisticated technical skills, a good sense of the nature of a formal system, and a solid and extensive background for more advanced work in logic. . . . The emphasis throughout is on natural deduction derivations, and the text's deductive systems are its greatest strength. Lemmon's unusual procedure of presenting derivations before truth tables is very effective." --Sarah Stebbins, The Journal of Symbolic Logic
Book Synopsis Propositional Logic by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Propositional Logic written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-06-24 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Propositional Logic The field of logic that is known as propositional calculus. There are a few other names for it, including propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, and occasionally zeroth-order logic. It examines propositions as well as the relations that exist between propositions, as well as the formulation of arguments that are founded on propositions. By combining individual statements with various logical connectives, one can create compound propositions. Atomic propositions are those that don't have any logical connectives in them, as the name suggests. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Propositional calculus Chapter 2: Axiom Chapter 3: First-order logic Chapter 4: Modus tollens Chapter 5: Consistency Chapter 6: Contradiction Chapter 7: Rule of inference Chapter 8: List of rules of inference Chapter 9: Deduction theorem Chapter 10: Theory (mathematical logic) (II) Answering the public top questions about propositional logic. (III) Real world examples for the usage of propositional logic in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of propositional logic' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of propositional logic.
Download or read book Beginning Logic written by E.J. Lemmon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1971-09-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide an exposition of elementary formal logic. The course, which is primarily intended for first-year students who have no previous knowledge of the subject, forms a working basis for more advanced reading and is presented in such a way as to be intelligible to the layman. The nature of logic is examined with the gradual introduction of worked samples showing how to distinguish the sound statement from the unsound. Arguments whose soundness cannot be proved by propositional calculus are discussed, and it is shown how formalization can reveal the logical form of arguments. The final section of the book deals with the application of the predicate calculus as applied in various other fields of logic.
Book Synopsis Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty by : Ellen Hisdal
Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Book Synopsis Logic as a Tool by : Valentin Goranko
Download or read book Logic as a Tool written by Valentin Goranko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a clear, precise and user-friendly style, Logic as a Tool: A Guide to Formal Logical Reasoning is intended for undergraduates in both mathematics and computer science, and will guide them to learn, understand and master the use of classical logic as a tool for doing correct reasoning. It offers a systematic and precise exposition of classical logic with many examples and exercises, and only the necessary minimum of theory. The book explains the grammar, semantics and use of classical logical languages and teaches the reader how grasp the meaning and translate them to and from natural language. It illustrates with extensive examples the use of the most popular deductive systems -- axiomatic systems, semantic tableaux, natural deduction, and resolution -- for formalising and automating logical reasoning both on propositional and on first-order level, and provides the reader with technical skills needed for practical derivations in them. Systematic guidelines are offered on how to perform logically correct and well-structured reasoning using these deductive systems and the reasoning techniques that they employ. •Concise and systematic exposition, with semi-formal but rigorous treatment of the minimum necessary theory, amply illustrated with examples •Emphasis both on conceptual understanding and on developing practical skills •Solid and balanced coverage of syntactic, semantic, and deductive aspects of logic •Includes extensive sets of exercises, many of them provided with solutions or answers •Supplemented by a website including detailed slides, additional exercises and solutions For more information browse the book's website at: https://logicasatool.wordpress.com
Book Synopsis Logic for Philosophy by : Theodore Sider
Download or read book Logic for Philosophy written by Theodore Sider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic for Philosophy is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. It is suitable both for advanced undergraduates and for beginning graduate students in philosophy. It covers (i) basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, (ii) extensions of standard logic that are important in philosophy, and (iii) some elementary philosophy of logic. It emphasizes breadth rather than depth. For example, it discusses modal logic and counterfactuals, but does not prove the central metalogical results for predicate logic (completeness, undecidability, etc.) Its goal is to introduce students to the logic they need to know in order to read contemporary philosophical work. It is very user-friendly for students without an extensive background in mathematics. In short, this book gives you the understanding of logic that you need to do philosophy.
Book Synopsis Mādhyamika and Yogācāra by : Gadjin M. Nagao
Download or read book Mādhyamika and Yogācāra written by Gadjin M. Nagao and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1991-01-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nagao invariably focuses on the core of Mahāyāna Buddhism--the path of the Bodhisattva, the doctrine of śūnyatā, and the system of Trisvabhāva are explained. Important technical terms used in the Mahayana textual tradition, whose exact understanding is imperative for the study of Mahāyāna Buddhism, are skillfully presented, making the book indispensable to scholars of Buddhist studies.
Book Synopsis Robust Cloud Integration with Azure by : Mahindra Morar
Download or read book Robust Cloud Integration with Azure written by Mahindra Morar and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unleash the power of serverless integration with Azure About This Book Build and support highly available and scalable API Apps by learning powerful Azure-based cloud integration Deploy and deliver applications that integrate seamlessly in the cloud and quickly adapt as per your integration needs Deploy hybrid applications that work and integrate on the cloud (using Logic Apps and BizTalk Server) Who This Book Is For This book is for Microsoft Enterprise developers, DevOps, and IT professionals who would like to use Azure App Service and Microsoft Cloud Integration technologies to create cloud-based web and mobile apps. What You Will Learn Explore new models of robust cloud integration in Microsoft Azure Create your own connector and learn how to publish and manage it Build reliable, scalable, and secure business workflows using Azure Logic Apps Simplify SaaS connectivity with Azure using Logic Apps Connect your on-premises system to Azure securely Get to know more about Logic Apps and how to connect to on-premises “line-of-business” applications using Microsoft BizTalk Server In Detail Microsoft is focusing heavily on Enterprise connectivity so that developers can build scalable web and mobile apps and services in the cloud. In short, Enterprise connectivity from anywhere and to any device. These integration services are being offered through powerful Azure-based services. This book will teach you how to design and implement cloud integration using Microsoft Azure. It starts by showing you how to build, deploy, and secure the API app. Next, it introduces you to Logic Apps and helps you quickly start building your integration applications. We'll then go through the different connectors available for Logic Apps to build your automated business process workflow. Further on, you will see how to create a complex workflow in Logic Apps using Azure Function. You will then add a SaaS application to your existing cloud applications and create Queues and Topics in Service Bus on Azure using Azure Portal. Towards the end, we'll explore event hubs and IoT hubs, and you'll get to know more about how to tool and monitor the business workflow in Logic Apps. Using this book, you will be able to support your apps that connect to data anywhere—be it in the cloud or on-premises. Style and approach This practical hands-on tutorial shows you the full capability of App Service and other Azure-based integration services to build scalable and highly available web and mobile apps. It helps you successfully build and support your applications in the cloud or on-premises successfully. We'll debunk the popular myth that switching to cloud is risky—it's not!
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Philosophical Logic by : Roy T. Cook
Download or read book Dictionary of Philosophical Logic written by Roy T. Cook and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary introduces undergraduate and post-graduate students in philosophy, mathematics, and computer science to the main problems and positions in philosophical logic. Coverage includes not only key figures, positions, terminology, and debates within philosophical logic itself, but issues in related, overlapping disciplines such as set theory and the philosophy of mathematics as well. Entries are extensively cross-referenced, so that each entry can be easily located within the context of wider debates, thereby providing a valuable reference both for tracking the connections between concepts within logic and for examining the manner in which these concepts are applied in other philosophical disciplines.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming: Volume 5: Logic Programming by : Dov M. Gabbay
Download or read book Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming: Volume 5: Logic Programming written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1998-01-08 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming is a multi-volume work covering all major areas of the application of logic to artificial intelligence and logic programming. The authors are chosen on an international basis and are leaders in the fields covered. Volume 5 is the last in this well-regarded series. Logic is now widely recognized as one of the foundational disciplines of computing. It has found applications in virtually all aspects of the subject, from software and hardware engineering to programming languages and artificial intelligence. In response to the growing need for an in-depth survey of these applications the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and its companion, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science have been created. The Handbooks are a combination of authoritative exposition, comprehensive survey, and fundamental research exploring the underlying themes in the various areas. Some mathematical background is assumed, and much of the material will be of interest to logicians and mathematicians. Volume 5 focuses particularly on logic programming. The chapters, which in many cases are of monograph length and scope, emphasize possible unifying themes.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Mathematical Logic by : Elliott Mendelson
Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic written by Elliott Mendelson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retaining all the key features of the previous editions, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Fifth Edition explores the principal topics of mathematical logic. It covers propositional logic, first-order logic, first-order number theory, axiomatic set theory, and the theory of computability. The text also discusses the major results of Godel, Church
