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Employment Time And The Cyclicality Of Earnings Growth
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Book Synopsis Employment Time and the Cyclicality of Earnings Growth by : Eran B. Hoffmann
Download or read book Employment Time and the Cyclicality of Earnings Growth written by Eran B. Hoffmann and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how the distribution of earnings growth evolves over the business cycle in Italy. We distinguish between two sources of annual earnings growth: changes in employment time (number of weeks of employment within a year) and changes in weekly earnings. Changes in employment time generate the tails of the earnings growth distribution, and account for the increased dispersion and negative skewness in the distribution of earnings growth in recessions. In contrast, the cross-sectional distribution of weekly earnings growth is symmetric and stable over the cycle. Thus, models that rely on cyclical idiosyncratic risk, should separately account for the employment margin in their earnings process to avoid erroneous conclusions. We propose such a process, based on the combination of simple employment and wage processes with few parameters, and show that it captures the procyclical skewness in changes in earnings growth and other important features of its distribution.
Book Synopsis Cyclical Earnings, Career and Employment Transitions by : Carlos Carrillo-Tudela
Download or read book Cyclical Earnings, Career and Employment Transitions written by Carlos Carrillo-Tudela and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the cyclical behaviour of earnings risk and career changes. We document that the procyclical skewness of the earnings growth distribution arises mostly from the earnings changes of employer and occupation switchers. To uncover their relative importance in driving cyclical earnings changes and whether this arises from changes in the returns to mobility or mobility shocks, we propose a multi-sector business cycle model with on-the-job search and endogenous occupational mobility. Idiosyncratic occupational mobility is the main driver of cyclical earnings risk, mainly due to cyclical shifts in the returns to this mobility. This is the main reason why the sullying effects of recessions are long-lasting. These effects manifest themselves through a collapse of the job ladder and forgone lifetime earnings gains, especially for low-paid workers, and through large lifetime earnings losses among high-paid workers who experience forced occupational mobility and poor re-employment outcomes.
Book Synopsis Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States by : John D. Kasarda
Download or read book Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States written by John D. Kasarda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John D. Kasarda By all accounts, the United States has led the world in job creation. During the past 20 years, its economy added nearly 40 million jobs while the combined European Economic Community added none. Since 1983 alone, the U. S. gener ated more than 15 million jobs and its unemployment rate dropped from 7. 5 percent to approximately 5 percent while the unemployment rate in much of western Europe climbed to double digits. Even Japan's job creation record pales in comparison to the United States'. with its annual employment growth rate less than half that of the United States over the past 15 years (0. 8 percent vs. 2 percent. ) Yet, as the U. S. economy has been churning out millions of jobs annually, con flicting views and heated debates have emerged regarding the quality of these new jobs and its implications for standards of living and U. S. economic competi tiveness. Many argue that the "great American job machine" is a "mirage" or "grand illusion. " Rather than adding productive, secure, well-paying jobs, most new employment, critics contend, consists of poverty level, dead-end, service sector jobs that contribute little or nothing to the nation's productivity and inter national competitiveness. Much of the blame is placed on Reagan-Bush policies that critics say undermine labor unions, encourage wasteful corporate restructur ing, foster exploitative labor practices, and reduce fiscal support for education and needed social services.
Book Synopsis Earnings Growth and Employment Stability of Workforce Entrants by : Frederick J. Tannery
Download or read book Earnings Growth and Employment Stability of Workforce Entrants written by Frederick J. Tannery and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Work, Earnings and Other Aspects of the Employment Relation by : Solomon W. Polachek
Download or read book Work, Earnings and Other Aspects of the Employment Relation written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers various aspects of the employer-employee relationship. This book answers labor market questions that include: Why has part-time work increased so dramatically in the 15 European Union countries? What changes in retirement behavior will be expected as countries change pension laws? And, why do firms often use fixed-term employment contracts?
Book Synopsis Trends in American Economic Growth by : Edward Denison
Download or read book Trends in American Economic Growth written by Edward Denison and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth rate of national income has fluctuated widely in the United States since 1929. In this volume, Edward F. Denison uses the growth accounting methodology he pioneered and refined in earlier studies to track changes in the trend of output and its determinants. At every step he systematically distinguishes changes in the economy’s ability to produce—as measured by his series on potential national income—from changes in the ratio of actual output to potential output. Using data for earlier years as a backdrop, Denison focuses on the dramatic decline in the growth of potential national income that started in 1974 and was further accentuated beginning in 1980, and on the pronounced decline from business cycle to business cycle in the average ratio of actual to potential output, a slide under way since 1969. The decline in growth rates has been especially pronounced in national income per person employed and other productivity measures as growth of total output has slowed despite a sharp acceleration in growth of employment and total hours at work. Denison organizes his discussion around eight table that divide 1929-82 into three long periods (the last, 1973-82) and seven shorter periods (the most recent, 1973-79 and 1979-82). These tables provide estimates of the sources of growth for eight output measures in each period. Denison stresses that the 1973-82 period of slow growth in unfinished. He observes no improvement in the productivity trend, only a weak cyclical recovery from a 1982 low. Sources-of-growth tables isolate the contributions made to growth between “input” and “output per unit of input.” Even so, it is not possible to quantify separately the contribution of all determinants, and Denison evaluates qualitatively the effects of other developments on the productivity slowdown.
Book Synopsis Earnings Growth, Job Flows and Churn by : Satoshi Tanaka
Download or read book Earnings Growth, Job Flows and Churn written by Satoshi Tanaka and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Growth and Instability by : Daniel Hamberg
Download or read book Economic Growth and Instability written by Daniel Hamberg and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unequal We Stand by : Jonathan Heathcote
Download or read book Unequal We Stand written by Jonathan Heathcote and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors conducted a systematic empirical study of cross-sectional inequality in the U.S., integrating data from various surveys. The authors follow the mapping suggested by the household budget constraint from individual wages to individual earnings, to household earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. They document a continuous and sizable increase in wage inequality over the sample period. Changes in the distribution of hours worked sharpen the rise in earnings inequality before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at the bottom of the distribution, but have little effect on the overall trend. Charts and tables. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.
Book Synopsis Working Time in Comparative Perspective: Life-cycle working time and nonstandard work by :
Download or read book Working Time in Comparative Perspective: Life-cycle working time and nonstandard work written by and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2001 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven contributions from international researchers examine working time over the life cycle and nonstandard work arrangements in the U.S. and Canada. The papers were originally presented at a conference on working time held in Ottawa, Ontario in June of 1996. Topics include, for example, adults returning to school, moonlighting, self-employment for married females, the changing use of temporary workers, and early retirement. c. Book News Inc.
Book Synopsis Studies in Labor Markets by : Sherwin Rosen
Download or read book Studies in Labor Markets written by Sherwin Rosen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume present an excellent sampling of the best of current research in labor economics, combining the most sophisticated theory and econometric methods with high-quality data on a variety of problems. Originally presented at a Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research conference on labor markets in 1978, and not published elsewhere, the thirteen papers treat four interrelated themes: labor mobility, job turnover, and life-cycle dynamics; the analysis of unemployment compensation and employment policy; labor market discrimination; and labor market information and investment. The Introduction by Sherwin Rosen provides a thoughtful guide to the contents of the papers and offers suggestions for continuing research.
Book Synopsis Cyclical Earnings Variation and the Composition of Employment by : David C. Maré
Download or read book Cyclical Earnings Variation and the Composition of Employment written by David C. Maré and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses Statistics New Zealand's Linked Employer-Employee Database (LEED) to assess the extent and impact of such changes in the employment composition of workers and firms over this period. LEED provides comprehensive coverage of all wage and salary employment since 1999. It enables longitudinal linking of both workers and firms, and also of the jobs that link them. As the LEED data do not directly measure hours worked or hourly wages, we construct a measure of the full-time equivalent (FTE) annual earnings rate associated with each job observed. Our analysis uses a linear model that regresses log (FTE annual earnings) on worker demographics (sex and age) and aggregate male and female time effects, and also controls for the effects of constant unobserved worker and firm specific factors. We use the estimates from this model, together with the employment transition patterns of workers and firms over the period, to investigate in detail the effects of compositional change on average earnings.
Book Synopsis Hysteresis and Business Cycles by : Ms.Valerie Cerra
Download or read book Hysteresis and Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Book Synopsis The Cyclicality of Effective Wages Within Employer-employee Matches in a Rigid Labor Market by : Silke Anger
Download or read book The Cyclicality of Effective Wages Within Employer-employee Matches in a Rigid Labor Market written by Silke Anger and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Statistics Measurement Issues by : John Haltiwanger
Download or read book Labor Statistics Measurement Issues written by John Haltiwanger and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly changing technology, the globalization of markets, and the declining role of unions are just some of the factors that have led to dramatic changes in working conditions in the United States. Little attention has been paid to the difficult measurement problems underlying analysis of the labor market. Labor Statistics Measurement Issues helps to fill this gap by exploring key theoretical and practical issues in the measurement of employment, wages, and workplace practices. Some of the chapters in this volume explore the conceptual issues of what is needed, what is known, or what can be learned from existing data, and what needs have not been met by available data sources. Others make innovative uses of existing data to analyze these topics. Also included are papers examining how answers to important questions are affected by alternative measures used and how these can be reconciled. This important and useful book will find a large audience among labor economists and consumers of labor statistics.
Book Synopsis A Future of Lousy Jobs? by : Gary Burtless
Download or read book A Future of Lousy Jobs? written by Gary Burtless and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politicians, journalists, and the public have expressed rising concern about the decline—or percieved decline—in middle-class jobs. The U.S. work force is viewed as increasingly divided between a prosperous minority that enjoys ever-rising wages and a less affluent majority that struggles harder each year to make ends meet. To determine whether and why this view of the job market is accurate, labor market economists anaylze trends in the distribution of jobs and wages over the past two decades and attempt to forecast the future course of American earnings inequality. McKinley L. Blackburn, David E. Bloom, and Richard B. Freeman assess the reasons behind the deterioration of earnings and job opportunities among less skilled men. They consider the impact of changes in industrial structure, declines in unionization, and trends in the level and quality of schooling for men who have limited skills and education. Gary Burtless examines the effect of the business cycle, within and across different regions of the United States, on earnings inequality and analyzes the effects of demographic change on inequality over the past twenty years. Rebecca M. Blank studies the rise of part-time employment and its impact on wages, fringe benefits, and the quality of jobs. Linda Dachter Loury focuses on the effect of the baby boom and baby bust on demand for schooling among new labor market entrants. If young entrants are discouraged from seeking college training by the high cost or low payoff of schooling, the long-term impact will be a gradual decline in the skills of the U.S. work force. Robert Mofitt analyzes the effect of welfare state programs on the growth of low-wage jobs, and the extent to which the welfare reforms of the eighties have affected low-income workers.
Download or read book Movin' on Up written by Alan Manning and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
