Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations

Download Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations by : Denise Anderson Breckon

Download or read book Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations written by Denise Anderson Breckon and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations

Download Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations by : Denise Bailey Clark

Download or read book Employee Commitment and Other Factors that Affect Attraction and Retention of Employees in Organizations written by Denise Bailey Clark and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why Employees Stay

Download Why Employees Stay PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780000734068
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Why Employees Stay by : Vincent S. Flowers

Download or read book Why Employees Stay written by Vincent S. Flowers and published by . This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Creating Commitment

Download Creating Commitment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471358978
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (589 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Creating Commitment by : Michael O'Malley

Download or read book Creating Commitment written by Michael O'Malley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-05-08 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to popular belief, most people truly desire to commit to the organizations for which they work. Just as most of us would prefer not to drift from one relationship to the next, the majority of workers would rather not live like corporate gypsies. So why, at a time when employee retention is so critical to success, do so many businesses find it hard to hold on to their best people? Why, despite the perks, bonuses, and all the other "goodies" with which companies attempt to create employee commitment, does turnover continue to be such a serious problem? In this groundbreaking book, Michael O'Malley-an acknowledged expert with more than two decades of experience helping the Fortune 500 attract and retain the brightest and best-provides answers to these questions. More importantly, he spells out proven strategies for fostering solid employee/employer relationships that last. Deftly interweaving personal insight, case histories, and the latest research in the field, O'Malley explores the nature of employee commitment. He shows how many of the same needs and passions that bind people to one another in their personal lives also bind employees to managers and organizations. O'Malley describes the roles played by factors such as compatibility, trust, predictability, dependability, sensitivity to individual needs, and a willingness to compromise. He explains why organizations invariably fail when they attempt to buy employee commitment. Conversely, while more money is the most commonly cited reason for employee defection, O'Malley reveals that the real reasons often have to do with neglect, distrust, burn-out, inconsiderateness, and other nonmonetary considerations. The lion's share of Creating Commitment is devoted to detailing a practical approach to building commitment in your organization. O'Malley describes specific attitudes and behaviors that either encourage or discourage commitment and provides guidelines for assessing your company's standing on commitment. He also outlines specific steps you can take to find and hire employees who are compatible with your corporate culture; to foster a sense of belonging among employees; to build trust and reciprocity; to promote economic interdependence; and much more. A complete guide to understanding and overcoming one of the greatest challenges to business success today, Creating Commitment is must reading for every manager. Advance Praise for Michael O'Malley's Creating Commitment "Michael O'Malley has found the key to employee retention-commitment! He has taken a rigorous, research-based approach to understanding employee commitment and its implications for organization health, while using examples and comparisons from everyday life to make his insights accessible to all. The result is a must-read book for any leader concerned about keeping the best employees."-Dr. Susan Gale, Vice President, Change Management and Human Resources, Howrey Simon Arnold & White "Michael O'Malley has created a work of great insight that all professionals charged with attracting, retaining, and developing the leaders of today and tomorrow will want to read."-Corey Seitz, Senior Vice President, Executive Development, Bank of America Corporation "The two most important human aspects of organizations today are trust and commitment. Creating Commitment covers both and is loaded with stories and examples that are both readable and timely. O'Malley's contribution to today's business leaders is truly a gift."-Dr. W. Warner Burke, Chair, Department of Organization and Leadership, Teachers College, Columbia University "This is an important book for companies seeking a competitive advantage. Read Creating Commitment, and you'll know how to build lasting bonds with the employees you want most to keep."-Matt Broder, Communications Executive, Otis Elevator Company

Psychology of Retention

Download Psychology of Retention PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319989200
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychology of Retention by : Melinde Coetzee

Download or read book Psychology of Retention written by Melinde Coetzee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a contemporary review of talent retention from the viewpoint of human resource management and industrial/organisational psychology. With a practical and relevant perspective it enriches critical knowledge and insight in the psychology of talent retention. It offers interpretation of difficult factors facing organisations such as the conceptualisation of talent, the forecasting of talent demand and supply, external and internal factors that influence talent attraction, development and retention, the alignment between talent management and business strategy. Also covered is the implementation of human resource practices and strategies in response to the needs of different organisational contexts and workforce characteristics. The chapter contributions will not only enrich knowledge and insight in the complex phenomenon of talent retention, but also advance new original ways of thinking and researching this critically important area of inquiry. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers as an overview of the topic of talent retention, practitioners will also find it informative.

Employee—Organization Linkages

Download Employee—Organization Linkages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483267393
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Employee—Organization Linkages by : Richard T. Mowday

Download or read book Employee—Organization Linkages written by Richard T. Mowday and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover summarizes the theory and research on employee-organization linkages, including the processes through which employees become linked to work organizations, the quality of such linkages, and how linkages are weakened or severed. The text identifies the determinants of employee commitment, absenteeism, and turnover, as well as their consequences for the individual, work groups, and the larger organization. The book also presents conceptual models on how employees become committed to, decide to be absent from, and decide to leave their organizations. Human resource practitioners, managers, employers, and industrial psychologists will find the book very informative and insightful.

Factors Affecting Employee's Retention in Automobile Service Workshops of Assam An Empirical Study.

Download Factors Affecting Employee's Retention in Automobile Service Workshops of Assam An Empirical Study. PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Concepts Books Publication
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (367 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Employee's Retention in Automobile Service Workshops of Assam An Empirical Study. by : Dr. Ashad ullah Qureshi

Download or read book Factors Affecting Employee's Retention in Automobile Service Workshops of Assam An Empirical Study. written by Dr. Ashad ullah Qureshi and published by Concepts Books Publication. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An organization’s ability to attract and retain talent is an essential component of talent sustainability. When organizations experience employee turnover, organizational knowledge is lost (Cotton & Tuttle, 1986; Lowe & Barnes, 2002). Employee retention affects an organization’s overall performance. In the coming years, organizations including the federal government will experience an increase in attrition due in part to retirements. Annually, organizations spend billions of dollars replacing the talented employees who have left their employ (Mathis, 2006a). In addition, organizations will need to replace employees that are eligible to retire. Baby boomers are defined as people born between 1945 and the early 1960’s (Business Dictionary, 2013). The retirement of baby boomers will decrease the supply of talent in the next five years. As the need for talent increases, the acquisition of talent becomes more competitive as organization pull from the same pool of candidates.

Handbook of Employee Commitment

Download Handbook of Employee Commitment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784711748
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Employee Commitment by : John P. Meyer

Download or read book Handbook of Employee Commitment written by John P. Meyer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high level of employee commitment holds particular value for organizations owing to its impact on organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. This Handbook provides an up-to-date review of theory and research pertaining to employee commitment in the workplace, outlining its value for both employers and employees and identifying key factors in its development, maintenance or decline. Including chapters from leading theorists and researchers from around the world, this Handbook presents cumulated and cutting-edge research exploring what commitment is, the different forms it can take, and how it is distinct from related concepts such as employee engagement, work motivation, embeddedness, the psychological contract, and organizational identification.

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention

Download The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118972600
Total Pages : 871 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention by : Harold W. Goldstein

Download or read book The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention written by Harold W. Goldstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unmatched collection of resources perfect for psychologists, scholars, and HR practitioners In The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, an expert team of authors presents a comprehensive and authoritative perspective on critical issues in employee recruitment, selection, and retention. Every chapter offers an in-depth review of the most recent literature and provides academics, researchers, industry practitioners, and students with a holistic reference to relevant data and theory. The book includes job analyses, biodata, simulation exercises, talent management guides, talent assessment guides for leadership development, and online employee selection strategies.

The ROI of Human Capital

Download The ROI of Human Capital PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn
ISBN 13 : 0814413358
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The ROI of Human Capital by : Jac FITZ-ENZ

Download or read book The ROI of Human Capital written by Jac FITZ-ENZ and published by AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. This book was released on 2009-02-23 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lifeblood of any business enterprise is its people. Yet it wasn’t until the publication of the groundbreaking book The ROI of Human Capital that there was a reliable way to quantify the contributions of people to corporate profit. Completely updated with new metrics, the book shows executives and HR professionals how to gauge human costs and productivity at three critical levels: organizational (contributions to corporate goals) • functional (impact on process improvement) • human resources management (value added by five basic HR department activities) The second edition contains new material on topics including corporate outsourcing, developments in behavioral science, and advances in trending and forecasting that have dramatically changed the way organizations measure the bottom line effect of employee performance. Utterly up-to-date, this is the go-to resource for organizations performing the essential task of measuring the value of their people.

Retaining Employees

Download Retaining Employees PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Retaining Employees by : Sara L. Baker

Download or read book Retaining Employees written by Sara L. Baker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Managing Employee Retention

Download Managing Employee Retention PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136384987
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Managing Employee Retention by : Jack J. Phillips

Download or read book Managing Employee Retention written by Jack J. Phillips and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-02-18 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, employee turnover has become a very serious problem for organizations. Managing retention and keeping the turnover rate below target and industry norms is one of the most challenging issues facing business. All indications point toward the issue compounding in the future and, even as economic times change, turnover will continue to be an important issue for most job groups. Yet despite these facts employee turnover continues to be the most unappreciated and undervalued issue facing business leaders. There are a variety of reasons for this, for example, the true cost of employee turnover is often underestimated. The causes of turnover are not adequately identified, and solutions are often not matched with the causes, so they fail. Preventive measures are either not in place or do not target the issues properly, and therefore have little or no effect, and a method for measuring progress and identifying a monetary value (ROI) on retention does not exist in most organizations. 'Managing Employee Retention' is a practical guide for managers to retain their talented employees. It shows how to manage and monitor turnover and how to develop the ROI of keeping your talent using innovative retention programs. The book presents a logical process of managing retention, from identifying turnover costs and causes, designing solutions that match the causes of turnover, developing tools for tracking turnover and placing alerts when action is needed, and measuring the ROI of retention programs.

Handbook of Employee Commitment

Download Handbook of Employee Commitment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Socialy Press
ISBN 13 : 9781681177342
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (773 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Employee Commitment by : Maeghan Ikin

Download or read book Handbook of Employee Commitment written by Maeghan Ikin and published by Socialy Press. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employee engagement is the holy grail for every business leader. Its described in a variety of ways but generally defined as when employees fully invest emotionally, mentally, and physically so they focus on achieving the organisations objectives. Getting commitment is an elusive aspect to managing people. The business organisations are aware of the importance of employee commitment and its role in motivating employees. As easy it is to obtain it can also be lost. Gaining or losing employee commitment, from one day to the next, happens quickly. Employee commitment is one of several central themes that appear in every employee. As a word, commitment is present in the majority of employee literature. But what is commitment? Organisational commitment is the bond employees experience with their organisation. Broadly speaking, employees who are committed to their organisation generally feel a connection with their organisation, feel that they fit in and, feel they understand the goals of the organisation. The added value of such employees is that they tend to be more determined in their work, show relatively high productivity and are more proactive in offering their support. When things go well, employee engagement leads to employee retention and balancing behaviour-reinforcing performance rewards. During economic distress business leaders are concerned about commitment and managing negative employees expectations. The level of commitment relates to several aspects such as satisfaction, turnover, cognitive resonance between different hierarchical levels, and performance on the job. The complexity in and importance of understanding employee commitment thus makes it a key feature of managerial task. This monograph examines the body of knowledge from past research to reflect on such commitment and issues in harnessing it. Handbook of Employee Commitment provides a conversant review of theory and research relevant to employee commitment in the workplace, drawing its value for both employers and employees and identifying crucial factors in its development, maintenance or decline. In todays competitive world every organisation is facing new challenges regarding sustained productivity and creating committed workforce. Now a days no organisation can perform at peak levels unless each employee is committed to the organisations objectives. Hence, it is important to understand the concept of commitment and its feasible outcome. This book is valuable for managers and management consultants and researchers involved in the latest developments in the field as well as for international scholars who will benefit from its guidance on how to approach research in inimitable cultures.

The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management

Download The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118852966
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management by : David O. Renz

Download or read book The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management written by David O. Renz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The go-to nonprofit handbook, updated and expanded for today's leader The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management is the bestselling professional reference and leading text on the functions, processes, and strategies that are integral to the effective leadership and management of nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations. Now in its fourth edition, this handbook presents the most current research, theory, and practice in the field of nonprofit leadership and management. This practical, relevant guide is invaluable to the effective practice of nonprofit leadership and management, with expanded attention to accountability, transparency, and organizational effectiveness. It also extensively covers the practice of social entrepreneurship, presented via an integrative perspective that helps the reader make practical sense of how to bring it all together. Nonprofit organizations present unique opportunities and challenges for meeting the needs of societies and their communities, yet nonprofit management is more complex and challenging than ever. This Handbook provides a framework to help you lead and manage efficiently and effectively in this new environment. Building on solid current scholarship, the handbook provides candid, practical guidance from nationally-recognized leaders who share their insights on: The relationship between board performance and organizational effectiveness Managing internal and external stakeholder relationships Financial viability and sustainability and how to enhance both for the long term Strategies to successfully attract, retain, and mobilize the very best of staff and volunteers The fourth edition of the handbook also includes content relevant to associations and membership organizations. The content of the handbook is supplemented and enriched by an extensive set of online supplements and tools, including reading lists, web references, checklists, PowerPoint slides, discussion guides, and sample exams. Running your nonprofit or nongovernmental organization effectively in today's complex and challenging environment demands more knowledge and skill than ever, deployed in a thoughtful and pragmatic way. Grounded in the most useful modern scholarship and theory, and explained from the perspective of effective practice, The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management is a pivotal resource for successful nonprofit leaders in these turbulent times.

Perceived Organizational Support

Download Perceived Organizational Support PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN 13 : 9781433809330
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Perceived Organizational Support by : Robert Eisenberger

Download or read book Perceived Organizational Support written by Robert Eisenberger and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's constantly changing work environment is fraught with job uncertainty, frequent mergers and acquisitions, and a general breakdown of trust between employer and employee. More than ever, it is critical for managers to proactively shift away from devaluing employees as marginal capital to empowering them as human capital. Perceived organizational support-employees' perception of how much an organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being-mutually benefits both employees and their organizations and is integral to sustainable employer–employee relationships. Using organizational support theory and evidence gathered from hundreds of studies, Eisenberger and Stinglhamber demonstrate how perceived organizational support affects employees' well-being, the positivity of their orientation toward the organization and work, and behavioral outcomes favorable to the organization. The authors illustrate these findings with employee experiences and strategic approaches of major organizations such as Southwest Airlines, Wal-Mart, Costco, and Google. Organizational psychologists, management consultants, managers, and graduate students will obtain a clear understanding of perceived organizational support and the practical knowledge needed to foster its development and positive outcomes.

Organizational commitment and employee performance. Factors that promote positive motivational behavior among the employees

Download Organizational commitment and employee performance. Factors that promote positive motivational behavior among the employees PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346113477
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organizational commitment and employee performance. Factors that promote positive motivational behavior among the employees by : Micah Effiong

Download or read book Organizational commitment and employee performance. Factors that promote positive motivational behavior among the employees written by Micah Effiong and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Leadership, grade: A, , course: Business Administration, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational commitment, moral or affective commitment, calculative or continuance commitment and normative commitment and job performance. The population of the study is made up of 300 academic and non-academic staff of Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. The paper used purposive sampling for the selection of the respondents. Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents for statistical analysis. The study utilized linear correlation coefficient to analyze the data collected. The study revealed a number of findings including: there is a significant correlation between organizational commitment and employee performance, there is a significant correlation between moral or affective commitment and job performance, there is statistically significant correlation between continuance commitment and job performance. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made most importantly: Nigeria University should lay more emphases on the provision of social responsibility to its workers, owners, society and other stakeholders. Finally, the success or failure of any organization depends on its workforce. Adequate motivation and remuneration boost the employee moral to work harder towards achieving or accomplishing challenging task or goals.

Investigation of the Effects of Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment on Retention

Download Investigation of the Effects of Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment on Retention PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Investigation of the Effects of Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment on Retention by : Basel Al-Jabari

Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment on Retention written by Basel Al-Jabari and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's business climate, attracting and retaining the best employees are two major challenges to organizational managers. Two factors important for increasing employee retention are affective commitment (AC) and employee engagement (EE). This study investigated the effects of AC and EE (the study independent variables) on employee retention (the study dependent variable) using self-report methodology in a cross-sectional sample of 244 employees from the education, hospitality, media services, and technology industries. Demographic characteristics of the study sample were tested as moderators of the AC-retention and EE-retention relationships. Self-report data were obtained from an online survey that measured demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, ethnicity, level of education, pay type, years at current organization, and years of overall work experience), AC (i.e., employee emotional commitment to his or her organization), EE (i.e., employee engagement within his or her organization in terms of OCB, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy), and employee retention (i.e., the intention to remain employed within the organization for up to 5 years, up to 10 years, and through retirement). Results of this study provide strong empirical support that AC and EE are significant positive predictors of employee retention, measured as employee intention to remain employed within the organization up to 5 years, up to 10 years, and through retirement. The effects of demographic characteristics tested as moderators of the ACretention and EE-retention relationships also provide empirical support that an employee's years of employment at his organization moderates the positive effect of AC and EE on retention through retirement such that employees with > 15 years of employment at their organization report higher AC and EE. Additionally, the results provide empirical support that an employee's level of education moderates the positive effect of EE on retention through retirement as evidenced by higher EE scores in participants with more education. Recommendations are made to increase retention by increasing AC and EE. For example, recommendations are made to increase AC by promoting organizational citizenship in the organization, optimizing HR practices aimed at job characteristics (e.g.,flexible work schedule, compensation), and optimizing supervisor support and leadership style. Recommendations are also made to increase EE by talent management (e.g., HR policies and procedures that address employee performance, such as training), mentoring, and leadership style.