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Emergence Survival And Reproduction Of Three Species Of Forbs Important To Sage Grouse Nutrition In Response To Fire Microsite And Method Of Establishment
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Book Synopsis Emergence, Survival and Reproduction of Three Species of Forbs Important to Sage Grouse Nutrition in Response to Fire, Microsite and Method of Establishment by : Troy A. Wirth
Download or read book Emergence, Survival and Reproduction of Three Species of Forbs Important to Sage Grouse Nutrition in Response to Fire, Microsite and Method of Establishment written by Troy A. Wirth and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since settlement of the Intermountain West, sage grouse abundance and productivity has declined and their range has decreased. The decline of sage grouse populations is primarily due to permanent loss and degradation of sagebrush-grassland habitat. Recently, several studies have shown that sage grouse productivity may be limited by the availability of certain preferred, highly nutritious forb species that have also declined within sagebrush ecosystems of the Intermountain West. During the spring and summer, forbs are extremely important in maintaining the nutritional status and productivity of pre-laying hens and growth and survival of rapidly growing chicks. Researchers studying sage grouse have suggested several methods for restoring forbs in depleted sage grouse habitat. Among the methods proposed are prescribed fires that produce small mosaics of burned and unburned patches on the landscape. For this to occur, an adequate pre-burn forb community must exist in the location of the fire. In areas without adequate pre-burn forb communites, forbs must reseed naturally or be revegetated. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of three species of forbs for revegetation projects where improving sage grouse habitat is a goal. Species suitability was determined by evaluating the emergence, survival and reproduction of Crepis modocensis Greene, Crepis occidentalis Nutt. and Astragalus purshii in response to method of establishment (seeding or transplanting), pre-establishment treatment (burned or unburned), and microsite (mound or interspace). Four prescription burns of sagebrush grassland were set at the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon. After burning, one experimental plot was randomly located within each burned and unburned site. Of the seeds planted in 1997, A. purshil had the lowest emergence (8%) of all three species. Both Crepis species had similar overall emergence (38%). Significantly more Crepis seedlings emerged from shrub mounds in unburned areas (50%) than in any other fire by microsite treatment (33 to 36%). Significantly more A. purshuii emerged in the burned interspace (10.9) compared to the burned mounds (3.5). Nearly twice as many emerging Crepis seedlings survived in the burned areas as opposed to unburned areas (P
Book Synopsis Habitat Requirements and Management Recommendations for Sage Grouse by : Mayo W. Call
Download or read book Habitat Requirements and Management Recommendations for Sage Grouse written by Mayo W. Call and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Technical Note is primarily a review of literature on the fundamental habitat requirements of sage grouse and habitat management methods that may be used to perpetuate the species. It does not reiterate the life history, past distribution, species characteristics, and population dynamics"--Page 1.
Book Synopsis Greater Sage-grouse Habitat in the Western United States by : Victoria E. Pennington
Download or read book Greater Sage-grouse Habitat in the Western United States written by Victoria E. Pennington and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Big sagebrush communities are widespread throughout the western United States and their range is determined by environmental features. In the understory of these communities, forbs contribute most of the plant species diversity. A review of the literature uncovered the importance of forbs to Greater-Sage-Grouse diet and habitats, the relationships that forbs have with rangeland management practices and climate, and that there is a lack of knowledge about forbs. At 15 field sites in 7 western states, there were no distinct geographic patterns in forb species richness. Soil texture influenced forb species richness, and climate and topography influenced forb species composition. Big sagebrush age and stand structure was variable at sites, and forb, graminoid, and shrub cover was influenced by climate and topography. Future climate change scenarios indicate that temperature and precipitation patterns may change in these areas, which may affect the distribution and abundance of vascular plants.
Book Synopsis Resource Selection, and Demographic Rates of Female Greater Sage-Grouse Following Large-Scale Wildfire by : Lee Jacob Foster
Download or read book Resource Selection, and Demographic Rates of Female Greater Sage-Grouse Following Large-Scale Wildfire written by Lee Jacob Foster and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the effects of habitat disturbance on a species' habitat selection patterns, and demographic rates, is essential to projecting the trajectories of populations affected by disturbance, as well as for determining the appropriate conservation actions needed to maintain those populations. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern in western North America. The distribution of the species has been reduced by approximately half since European settlement, with concurrent and continuing population declines across its occupied range. The primary threats to the species are habitat alteration and loss, caused by multiple factors. In the western portion of its distribution, increasing wildfire activity is a primary cause of habitat loss and degradation. Single wildfires in this area may now reach extremely large sizes (>100,000 ha), and wildfires have been linked to local population declines. However, no published studies, to date, have examined the immediate effects of large-scale wildfire on sage-grouse habitat selection and demographic rates, using modern telemetry methods. I studied the habitat selection patterns, nest success, and survival of adult, and yearling female sage-grouse, captured within or near the Holloway fire, using state-of-the-art GPS-PTT telemetry methods. The Holloway fire burned ~187,000 ha of highly productive sage-grouse habitat in August, 2012. My study began during the first spring post-fire (March, 2013), and continued through February, 2015. I monitored seasonal habitat use patterns, and site-fidelity of sage-grouse, and modeled third-order seasonal resource selection, using mixed effects resource selection functions, in relation to characteristics of the post-fire habitat mosaic, terrain, mesic habitat availability, and herbaceous vegetation regeneration. I described sage-grouse nesting habitat use, nesting effort, and modeled daily nest survival in relation to temporal patterns, patch scale vegetation, biological factors, and landscape-scale habitat composition. I modeled adult and yearling female sage-grouse survival in relation to temporal patterns, biological factors, and landscape-scale habitat composition. Female sage-grouse primarily exhibited a three range seasonal movement pattern, with differentiation between breeding-nesting-early brood-rearing habitat (mean use dates: 8 Mar - 12 Jun), late brood-rearing-summer habitat (13 Jun - 20 Oct), and winter habitat (21 Oct - 7 Mar). However there was variation in seasonal range behavior among individuals. Sage-grouse exhibited considerable fidelity to all seasonal ranges, for individuals which survived >1 yr, mean distance between seasonal range centroids of the same type were 1.80 km, 1.65 km, and 3.96 km, for breeding ranges, summer ranges, and winter ranges, respectively. Within seasonal ranges, sage-grouse exhibited third-order resource selection patterns similar to those observed for populations in undisturbed habitats. Sage-grouse, at the population level, selected for level terrain throughout the year. During the breeding season sage-grouse selected for areas with increased amounts of intact sagebrush land-cover within a 1-km2 area around used locations, areas of increased NDVI values within a 6.25-km2 area, an amount of mesic habitat within a 6.25-km2 area roughly equal to that available on the landscape, and mid-level elevations. During summer, sage-grouse, at the population level, selected for an areas with an intermediate density of burned-intact habitat edge within a 1 km2 area, areas of increased NDVI values within a 6.25-km2 area, intermediate distances to mesic habitat, and high elevations. During winter, sage-grouse, at the population level, selected for increased amounts of intact sagebrush land-cover within a 0.089-km2 area, areas with decreased variation in NDVI within a 0.089-km2 area, an amount of mesic habitat within a 6.25-km2 area roughly equal to that available on the landscape, and intermediate elevations. There was considerable variation in third-order resource selection patterns among individuals during all seasons. Sage-grouse nest success was consistently low during the study (2013: 19.3%, 2014: 30.1%), and nest initiation rates were average to high (2013: 1st nest initiation = 90.5%, 2nd nest initiation = 23.1%; 2014: 1st nest initiation = 100%, 2nd nest initiation = 57.1%). Daily nest survival rates were influenced by an interaction between year and nesting attempt, and by forb cover within 5 m of the nest. Nest survival over the incubation period was consistently low for 1st and 2nd nests during 2013, and for 1st nests during 2014 (range: 0.131 - 0.212), but increased to 0.744 for 2nd nests during 2014. Forb cover within 5 m of the nest had a positive effect on daily nest survival rates, with a 1% increase in forb cover increasing the probability of a nest surviving a given day by 1.02 times. We did not detect strong direct effects of habitat or biological characteristics on survival of adult and yearling female sage-grouse. Rather, survival varied by month with lowest survival occurring in April and August of each year, and highest survival occurring during the winter. While patterns of monthly survival were similar between years, there was a strong, negative additive effect on survival which extended from the beginning of the study (March, 2013), through the end of the first post fire growing season (July, 2013). Although monthly survival increased following the end of the 1st post-fire growing season, yearly survival over both the 1st and 2nd biological years post-fire was low (March 2013 - February 2014: 24.0%; March 2014 - February 2015: 37.9%). These results indicate that female greater-sage grouse do not respond to wildfire related habitat disturbance through emigration, and rather continue to attempt to exist and reproduce in habitats disturbed by wildfire during the immediate years following a fire. While, due to site-fidelity, sage-grouse are not able to leave wildfire affected seasonal ranges, within those seasonal ranges they still attempt to utilize habitat components which most closely match their life-history requirements. However, this behavior appears to have an acute fitness cost to individuals, with reduced nesting success and survival of individuals utilizing fire-affected habitats during the first two years post-fire. This reduction in demographic rates likely explains observed sage-grouse population declines following wildfire, and indicates that these population declines are not the result of sage-grouse emigration away from fire-affected leks, but rather a true decline in the number of individual sage-grouse on the landscape following large-scale wildfire.
Download or read book Fire Effects Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Greater Sage-grouse Reproductive Success in the Montana Mountains, Nevada by : James L. Rebholz
Download or read book Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Greater Sage-grouse Reproductive Success in the Montana Mountains, Nevada written by James L. Rebholz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations have declined across their geographic range during the last century. They were once widespread throughout the Intermountain West, but lower annual productivity, likely caused by degradation and loss of suitable habitat, has greatly reduced their distribution and population densities. Habitat used for reproduction has been well described, but relationships between habitat characteristics and reproductive output are less understood. Nesting success and chick survival are both important factors influencing annual productivity of sage-grouse. Several studies have investigated the effects of vegetation characteristics on nest success, but due to the variability of vegetation communities across the range, further work is necessary to clarify results from these studies. The relationships between habitat characteristics and chick survival are not as clearly understood. We initiated a study in the Montana Mountains of northwestern Nevada to describe nesting and early brood-rearing habitat and compare hypotheses describing potential relationships between habitat characteristics and reproductive success. In 2004 and 2005, we monitored 84 sage-grouse hens during the reproductive period and quantified fine-scale habitat characteristics at nest and brood sites. We quantified the vegetation structure at successful and unsuccessful nests and related individual habitat characteristics to the odds of a nest hatching successfully. Individually marked chicks were monitored for 3 weeks after hatching to measure associations of forb, grass and sagebrush cover, and food availability with chick survival. Grass cover beneath the nest shrub was the best predictor of nest outcome, and increasing amounts of grass cover improved the likelihood of a nest hatching successfully. Conversely, grass cover at early brood sites was negatively associated with chick survival. Early brood sites with greater forb cover were associated with higher sage-grouse chick survival. There was a weak relationship between sagebrush canopy cover at the nest shrub and hatch success, but sagebrush cover did not appear to have an effect on chick survival in the Montana Mountains. Finally, we examined the relative importance of maternally-influenced variables for chick survival. Total plasma protein levels (TPP) of pre-laying hens have been linked to reproductive success and may be an indication of early spring habitat quality. We evaluated the association of TPP levels with sage-grouse chick survival, and also tested chick weight and chick sex to determine if they influenced chick survival. Total plasma protein levels were a good indicator of chick survival and may indicate a relationship between early spring forb availability and chick survival. Chick survival did not appear to be related to sex or weight at capture. These results are similar to earlier studies that described the importance of herbaceous understory for both nest success and early brood-rearing. Management activities focusing on the restoration and maintenance of vegetation communities with intact herbaceous understories will likely improve sage-grouse reproductive success and annual production.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Burning in Mountain Big Sagebrush on Key Sage Grouse Habitat Characteristics in Southeastern Oregon by : Michelle K. D. McDowell
Download or read book The Effects of Burning in Mountain Big Sagebrush on Key Sage Grouse Habitat Characteristics in Southeastern Oregon written by Michelle K. D. McDowell and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sage grouse are a species of concern because their abundance, distribution, and productivity have declined during the past century. Sage grouse productivity has been linked to specific habitat components including particular forbs and native bunchgrasses. Studies on the effects of fire were conducted in Southeastern Oregon in mountain big sagebrush communities to better understand the effects of fire on key sage grouse habitat components. The short-term study was conducted at South Steens Mountain during 1997 and 1998. Habitat components (medium shrub cover; perennial grass cover; hen and chick food forb cover, frequency, and availability; chick food forb nutrition; insect abundance; and sagebrush reproductive branch abundance) were compared between preburn or unburned, 1- year post-bum, and 2-years post-burn areas. The long-term effects of fire on essential sage grouse habitat components were studied during 1997 at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (Lake County), and during 1998 at South Steens Mountain (Harney County). Habitat components (medium height mountain big sagebrush, tall grass, hen and chick food forb, and other forb cover) were measured at burned and adjacent unburned control sites and compared with recommended cover amounts. Burned sites ranged in age from 5 to 43 years. In the short-term fire effects study, prescribed burning increased the amount of sage grouse hen and chick foods, the quality of some chick foods, and increased the amount of time of these foods were available. Sagebrush cover was essentially eliminated in burned areas. Perennial grass cover was significantly higher in a comparison of the 2-years post burn to the 1-year post burn samples. In the long-term fire effects study, all key vegetative and structural components needed for successful sage grouse reproduction became available in burned areas from 25-35 years old. Sagebrush cover was the only habitat component tested that was substantially affected by burning in the long term. Prescribed burning would be most beneficial to sage grouse habitat if used as a management tool to create a mosaic of needed habitat components.
Book Synopsis Restoring Western Ranges and Wildlands by : Stephen B. Monsen
Download or read book Restoring Western Ranges and Wildlands written by Stephen B. Monsen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Charles J. Krebs Publisher :Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company ISBN 13 :9780321068798 Total Pages :695 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (687 download)
Download or read book Ecology written by Charles J. Krebs and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 2001 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This best-selling majors ecology book continues to present ecology as a series of problems for readers to critically analyze. No other text presents analytical, quantitative, and statistical ecological information in an equally accessible style. Reflecting the way ecologists actually practice, the book emphasizes the role of experiments in testing ecological ideas and discusses many contemporary and controversial problems related to distribution and abundance. Throughout the book, Krebs thoroughly explains the application of mathematical concepts in ecology while reinforcing these concepts with research references, examples, and interesting end-of-chapter review questions. Thoroughly updated with new examples and references, the book now features a new full-color design and is accompanied by an art CD-ROM for instructors. The field package also includes The Ecology Action Guide, a guide that encourages readers to be environmentally responsible citizens, and a subscription to The Ecology Place (www.ecologyplace.com), a web site and CD-ROM that enables users to become virtual field ecologists by performing experiments such as estimating the number of mice on an imaginary island or restoring prairie land in Iowa. For college instructors and students.
Book Synopsis Forest Restoration in Landscapes by : Stephanie Mansourian
Download or read book Forest Restoration in Landscapes written by Stephanie Mansourian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, published in cooperation with WWF International, integrates the restoration of forest functions into landscape conservation plans. The contents represent the collective body of knowledge and experience of WWF and its many partners - collected here for the first time. This guide will serve as a first stop for practitioners and researchers in many organizations and regions, and as a key reference on the subject.
Book Synopsis Montague Island Vole by : Ellen Weintraub Lance
Download or read book Montague Island Vole written by Ellen Weintraub Lance and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Ecotoxicology by : David J. Hoffman
Download or read book Handbook of Ecotoxicology written by David J. Hoffman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-13 with total page 1316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. Focusing on toxic substance and how they affect the ecosystems worldwide, the book presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. This is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.
Book Synopsis Environmental Fate and Effects of Pesticides by : Joel R. Coats
Download or read book Environmental Fate and Effects of Pesticides written by Joel R. Coats and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third of three volumes based on the 2nd Pan-Pacific Conference on Pesticide Chemistry. The proposed title examines metabolism and residue analysis methods of environmental pesticides.
Book Synopsis Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology by : Almo Farina
Download or read book Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology written by Almo Farina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscape ecology is an integrative and multi-disciplinary science and Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology reconciles the geological, botanical, zoological and human perspectives. In particular ,new paradigms and theories such as percolation, metapopulation, hierarchies, source-sink models have been integrated in this last edition with the recent theories on bio-complexity, information and cognitive sciences. Methods for studying landscape ecology are covered including spatial geometry models and remote sensing in order to create confidence toward techniques and approaches that require a high experience and long-time dedication. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology is a textbook useful to present the landscape in a multi-vision perspective for undergraduate and graduate students of biology, ecology, geography, forestry, agronomy, landscape architecture and planning. Sociology, economics, history, archaeology, anthropology, ecological psychology are some sciences that can benefit of the holistic vision offered by this texbook.
Book Synopsis First Order Fire Effects Model by : Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.
Book Synopsis Rangeland Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Rangeland Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rangelands comprise between 40 and 50 percent of all U.S. land and serve the nation both as productive areas for wildlife, recreational use, and livestock grazing and as watersheds. The health and management of rangelands have been matters for scientific inquiry and public debate since the 1880s, when reports of widespread range degradation and livestock losses led to the first attempts to inventory and classify rangelands. Scientists are now questioning the utility of current methods of rangeland classification and inventory, as well as the data available to determine whether rangelands are being degraded. These experts, who are using the same methods and data, have come to different conclusions. This book examines the scientific basis of methods used by federal agencies to inventory, classify, and monitor rangelands; it assesses the success of these methods; and it recommends improvements. The book's findings and recommendations are of interest to the public; scientists; ranchers; and local, state, and federal policymakers.
