Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Ecrh In The Tmx Upgrade Tandem Mirror Experiment
Download Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Ecrh In The Tmx Upgrade Tandem Mirror Experiment full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Ecrh In The Tmx Upgrade Tandem Mirror Experiment ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade Tandem-mirror Experiment by :
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade Tandem-mirror Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results are described of engineering tests of operation of two gyrotrons from one power supply, tests of waveguide components and antennae, antenna design, and the x-ray shielding concept. Finally, we describe considerations of interaction with other system components.
Book Synopsis TMX-U (Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade) ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating) System Operations Summary by :
Download or read book TMX-U (Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade) ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating) System Operations Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TMX-U ECRH System underwent many extensive changes during the last two years of physics operations. These changes included extensive use of fiber optics and computer control to add flexibility to the system and eliminate noise problems, upgrades to Varian Model VGA-8050M long pulse gyrotron tubes, the addition of gyrotron anode-modulation for better control of individual gyrotrons, and the installation of a fifth gyrotron socket that was used to simultaneously heat both the east and west inner 10 KG locations. This paper discusses the different modifications made to the system and their effects on the overall performance of the entire ECRH system. The paper also discusses the system as it presently exists and possible modifications that would be made if the future modifications were to be performed. 3 refs., 2 figs.
Book Synopsis Electron Cyclotron Heating in TMX-Upgrade by :
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Heating in TMX-Upgrade written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TMX-Upgrade, an improved tandem mirror experiment under construction at LLNL, will use electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) to create thermal barriers and to increase the center cell ion confining potential. Gyrotron oscillators (200 kW, 28 GHz) supply the heating power for the potential confined electron (fundamental heating) and the mirror-confined electrons (harmonic heating) in the thermal barriers. Important issues are temperature limitation and microstability for the hot electrons. Off-midplane heating can control anisotropy-driven microstability. Spacially restricting heating offers the possibility of temperature control by limiting the energy for resonant interaction.
Book Synopsis Changes and Developments in Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Changes and Developments in Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper will describe changes to the previously reported Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) circular waveguide systems that deliver power to the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) machine. Four gyrotrons and associated waveguide systems, operating at 28-GHz and 200 kW each, helped establish electrostatic plugging in the end cells of TMX-U.A fifth gyrotron has been installed to power two resonant locations in the end plugs. This system and the pair of 10 kG heaters now use a slot radiator to obtain a more uniform coverage of the plasma. In addition, four 18-GHz ECRH systems have been added to the machine. 3 refs., 7 figs.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Mode Rectangular Waveguide System for Electron-cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) for Tandem Mirror Experiment-upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Fundamental Mode Rectangular Waveguide System for Electron-cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) for Tandem Mirror Experiment-upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a brief history of TMX-U's electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) progress. We emphasize the 2-year performance of the system, which is composed of four 200-kW pulsed gyrotrons operated at 28 GHz. This system uses WR42 waveguide inside the vacuum vessel, and includes barrier windows, twists, elbows, and antennas, as well as custom-formed waveguides. Outside the TMX-U vessel are directional couplers, detectors, elbows, and waveguide bends in WR42 rectangular waveguide. An arc detector, mode filter, eight-arm mode converter, and water load in the 2.5-in. circular waveguide are attached directly to the gyrotron. Other specific areas discussed include the operational performance of the TMX-U pulsed gyrotrons, windows and component arcing, alignment, mode generation, and extreme temperature variations. Solutions for a number of these problems are described.
Book Synopsis Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Overview-recent Events by :
Download or read book Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Overview-recent Events written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its construction and commissioning was completed in the winter of 1981, the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) has been conducting tandem mirror thermal barrier experiments. The work, following the fall of 1983 when strong plugging with thermal barriers was achieved, has been directed toward controlling radial transport and forming thermal barriers with high density and Beta. This paper describes the overall engineering component of these efforts. Major changes to the machine have included vacuum improvements, changes to the Electron and Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating systems (ECRH and ICRH), and the installation of a Plasma Potential Control system (PPC) for radial transport reduction. TMX-U operates an extensive diagnostics system that acquires data from 21 types of diagnostic instruments with more than 600 channels, in addition to 246 machine parameters. The changes and additions will be presented. The closing section of this paper will describe the initial study work for a proposed TMX-U octupole configured machine.
Book Synopsis Analysis of X-ray Production in TMX Upgrade by :
Download or read book Analysis of X-ray Production in TMX Upgrade written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TMX Upgrade (TMX-U), a tandem mirror experiment at LLNL, will use high power microwaves for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). As demonstrated on Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT) and related experiments which use similar heating techniques, high energy electron populations are created. In these devices, which run CW, significant x-ray production occurs and adequate shielding must be provided for personnel protection. TMX-U is a pulsed experiment; however, significant x-ray production is expected from the 50 keV mean energy electron population. In this report the expected x-ray generation is calculated and the provisions for shielding are described. Based upon these calculations, as well as scaling estimates from other devices, the provided shielding is shown to be adequate for hot electron temperatures of interest for the experiment.
Book Synopsis Power Deposition Calculations of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating for Tandem Mirror Transport Codes by : David Gustav Braun
Download or read book Power Deposition Calculations of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating for Tandem Mirror Transport Codes written by David Gustav Braun and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) Control System by :
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) Control System written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ECRH Control System was installed on the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) in 1980. The system provides approximately 1 MW of 28 GHz microwave power to the TMX-U plasma. The subsystems of ECRH that must be controlled include high-voltage charging supplies, series pass tubes, and magnet supplies. In addition to the devices that must be controlled, many interlocks must be continuously monitored. The previous control system used relay logic and analog controls to operate the system. This approach has many drawbacks such as lack of system flexibility and maintainability. In order to address these problems, it was decided to go with a CAMAC and Modicon based system that uses a Hewlett-Packard 9836C personal computer to replace the previous analog controls. 2 figs.
Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating of Tandem Mirrors by : Miklos Porkolab
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating of Tandem Mirrors written by Miklos Porkolab and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book TMX-U Experimental Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes results from the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). Mirror-confined electrons with 30 to 70 keV mean energy densities of 0.5 to 2.0 x 1012 cm−3 and average betas of 3 to 5% are produced using electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). These results are consistent with an electron Fokker-Planck code. Improved ion-cyclotron microstability is observed using neutral beam injection at 47° to the magnetic axis, rather than at 90° as in the previous experiment, TMX. Strong end plugging has been produced using a combination of ECRH gyrotrons with sloshing-ion beam injection. In these low-density central cell experiments (3 x 1011 cm−3) the axial losses (tau/sub parallel/ = 20 to 80 ms) are smaller than the nonambipolar radial losses (tau/sub perpendicular/ = 4 to 8 ms). Plugging has been achieved with a central cell density double that of the end plugs. Although no direct measurements are yet available to determine if a thermal barrier potential dip is generated, these experiments support many theoretical features of the thermal barrier concept.
Book Synopsis ECRH and ICRH in the TMX-U Tandem Mirror by :
Download or read book ECRH and ICRH in the TMX-U Tandem Mirror written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U), the formation of a thermal barrier and the potential plugging of ion end loss were achieved at central-cell densities up to 2 x 1012 cm−3. The presence of a thermal barrier was confirmed by direct measurement, and ion axial-confinement times in the range 50 to 100 ms were measured. The ECRH in the end cells (a) initiates plasma startup, (b) generates hot, mirror-confined electrons to form thermal barriers, and (c) creates the plugging potential for central-cell ions. The ECRH system consists of four 200 kW, 28 GHz gyrotrons each feeding power to a separate heating location (two in each end plug). Fundamental heating is used at the potential plug, and second harmonic is used in the thermal barrier. Hot-electron plasmas are produced at total end-cell antenna power levels up to 300 kW. Strong single-pass absorption and net hot-electron heating efficiencies exceeding 40% are observed. Hot-electron parameters achieved are: n/sub eh//n/sub et/ up to 0.8, volume-average beta .beta. approx. = 0.15, and T/sub x/ (x-ray tail above 40 keV) in the range 75 to 200 keV.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Negative-potential Operation of TMX-Upgrade by :
Download or read book Negative-potential Operation of TMX-Upgrade written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tandem-mirror configuration can be created by combining hot electron end-cell plasmas with neutral-beam pumping. A region of large negative potential formed in each end cell confines electrons in the central cell. The requirement of charge neutrality causes the central-cell potential to become negative with respect to ground in order to equate ion loss to electron loss. Start-up and formation of the axial potential distribution, neutral-beam pumping, hot electron feed, electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) power requirements, and stability are discussed in general terms. Each of these considerations impose constraints on the operation of TMX as a negative machine. The start-up requirements and scenario are also presented. Work on the design and analysis of negative tandems is continuing. The status of work to date is presented here with problem areas for future work identified.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microstability of the TMX Tandem Mirror Experiments by :
Download or read book Microstability of the TMX Tandem Mirror Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tandem mirror device, an efficient source of warm ions, the central cell, is available for stabilization of ion loss-cone instabilities. These instabilities previously limited ion confinement in single-cell mirror experiments. In the simple tandem mirror device, TMX, the drift cyclotron loss-cone (DCLC) mode was stabilized by plasma flow from the central cell into the end cell. However, to enhance the central-cell confinement and provide MHD stability, neutral beams were injected perpendicular to the magnetic field, which resulted in the excitation in the end cell of the Alfven ion-cyclotron (AIC) instability driven by plasma pressure and velocity distribution anisotropy. In the thermal-barrier experiment, TMX-U, the end-cell beams were injected at a 45° angle to the magnetic field to produce a sloshing-ion distribution, which is required to form the thermal barrier and the plugging potential. Ion distributions created by oblique injection were stable to the AIC mode and to the midplane (minimum magnetic field location) DCLC mode. However, an ion loss-cone instability remained at an axial location just outside the outboard peak of the sloshing-ion axial density profile, which is the density peak closest to the end wall. This mode can enhance the sloshing-ion loss rate, particularly at the lower levels of electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) used to form the thermal barrier. The stability to ion-cyclotron modes is critical to the performance of tandem mirrors and to designs for a mirror-based, high-fluence neutron source.
