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Electrochemically Polymerized Conjugated Polymer Films
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Book Synopsis Electrochemically Polymerized Conjugated Polymer Films by : Bin Wei
Download or read book Electrochemically Polymerized Conjugated Polymer Films written by Bin Wei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers have been widely used in various applications including organic solar cells, electrochromic devices, chemical sensors, and biomedical devices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives have received considerable interest because of their low oxidation potential, relatively high chemical stability, and high conductivity. Electrochemical deposition is a convenient method for precisely fabricating conjugated polymer thin films. Here, we report the stability improvement and surface functionalization of electrochemically polymerized PEDOT films. The long-term performance of PEDOT coatings is limited by their relatively poor stability on various inorganic substrates. Two different methods were used to improve the stability of PEDOT coatings, one involved using carboxylic acid functionalized EDOT (EDOT-acid) as adhesion promoter. EDOT-acid molecules were chemically bonded onto activated metal oxide substrates via chemisorption. PEDOT was then polymerized onto the EDOT-acid modified substrates, forming covalently bonded coatings. An aggressive ultrasonication test confirmed the significantly improved adhesion of the PEDOT films on electrodes with EDOT-acid treatment over those without treatment. The other method was to use an octa-ProDOT-functionalized POSS derivative (POSSProDOT) as cross-linker. PEDOT copolymer films were electrochemically deposited with various concentrations of POSS-ProDOT. The optical, morphological and electrochemical properties of the copolymer films could be systematically tuned with the incorporation of POSS-ProDOT. Significantly enhanced electrochemical and mechanical stability of the copolymers were observed at intermediate levels of POSS-ProDOT content (3.1 wt%) via chronic stimulation tests. Surface functionalization of conducting polymer films provides a potential means for systematically tailoring their chemical and physical properties. We have synthesized, polymerized and characterized a dialkene-functionalized variant of the ProDOT monomer. With the alkene side groups, highly efficient post-polymerization functionalization of the conducting film was successfully achieved via a radical-based thiol-ene “click” reaction with various terminal thiols, including alkanes, ethylene glycols, and ferrocenes. These surface modification led to dramatic changes in the charge transport and wetting behavior of the chemically functionalized films.
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films and Nanofibers by : Jinglin Liu
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films and Nanofibers written by Jinglin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers are electronically and ionically active organic materials. These polymers are widely used in biomedical interfaces, chemical sensors and organic photovoltaics for their reasonably high conductivity and relatively “soft” mechanical properties. However, despite the wide applications, the structure-property relationship of these materials remains poorly understood. Here we presented a study on the structural characterization and property analysis of conjugated polymer thin films and nanofibers. ☐ Electrochemical polymerization is a convenient method for fabricating polymer thin films. We reported a novel electrochemical deposition of highly crystalline bromine functionalized thiophene monomer, which is a precursor for solid-state polymerized poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT). We investigated the electrochemical process in detail by altering conditions and carefully monitoring the reaction. The morphology, structure and properties of both the EDOT-Br monomer and PEDOT polymer were characterized. ☐ Despite the wide application of electrochemical polymerization, a detailed, quantitative understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms has remained elusive. We have studied the electrochemical deposition of PEDOT from an aqueous solution of EDOT monomer using an in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) liquid flow cell. It was found that PEDOT deposition began preferentially at the edge of the glassy carbon anodes at the beginning of the reaction. Fluctuating clusters of liquid-like oligomers were observed to form near the electrode surfaces. As the reaction continued both the nucleation of new domains as well as the growth of pre-existing PEDOT deposits were observed, leading to systematic increases in film thickness and roughness. ☐ Conjugated polymer nanofibers are of particular interest for their high surface-to-volume ratios, and have been considered for applications such as field-effect transistors, biomedical devices and sensors. Electrospinning is a well-developed method for the solution processing of polymers into nanometer to micrometer-sized fibers. We quantitatively studied the relationship between molecular orientation and fiber diameter within single electrospun fibers using low dose electron microscopy and diffraction techniques. It was confirmed that for electrospun fibers with decreasing fiber diameters, the molecular orientation increased. To facilitate the solution processing of the otherwise dilute and low viscosity conducting polymers, another relatively easy-to-process supporting polymer was introduced into the fabrication. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) + polycaprolactone (PCL) core-shell nanofibers were prepared via a coaxial electrospinning method. Morphological results from electron microscopy confirmed that P3HT conjugated polymer nanofibers were obtained after solvent removal of the PCL supporting polymer. Molecular orientation studies revealed that polymer chains were oriented parallel to fiber axes in the PCL polymer shell, while perpendicular to fiber axes in the P3HT core. The electrical and mechanical properties of the core-shell polymer nanofibers were investigated at the single fiber level using a specialized stage in the chamber of a Focused Ion Beam – Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM).
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications by : Srabanti Ghosh
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely overview of fundamental and advanced topics of conjugated polymer nanostructures Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications is a comprehensive reference on conjugated polymers for energy applications. Distinguished academic and editor Srabanti Ghosh offers readers a broad overview of the synthesis, characterization, and energy-related applications of nanostructures based on conjugated polymers. The book includes novel approaches and presents an interdisciplinary perspective rooted in the interfacing of polymer and synthetic chemistry, materials science, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry. This book provides complete descriptions of conjugated polymer nanostructures and polymer-based hybrid materials for energy conversion, water splitting, and the degradation of organic pollutants. Photovoltaics, solar cells, and energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion battery electrodes, and their associated technologies are discussed, as well. Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications covers both the fundamental topics and the most recent advances in this rapidly developing area, including: The design and characterization of conjugated polymer nanostructures, including the template-free and chemical synthesis of polymer nanostructures Conjugated polymer nanostructures for solar energy conversion and environmental protection, including the use of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts Conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy storage, including the use of nanocomposites as electrode materials The presentation of different and novel methods of utilizing conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy applications Perfect for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and physical chemists, Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications also belongs on the bookshelves of organic chemists and any other practicing researchers, academics, or professionals whose work touches on these highly versatile and useful structures.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : Klaus Müllen
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by Klaus Müllen and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers are gaining a lot of interest due to their inherent functional properties and applications in plastic electronics. Their characteristic charge transporting and conducting properties produces features including coloration, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, photoconductivity, and electrochromism. In order to develop new functional polymers, researchers need the background information on the synthesis of the different polymer systems. Conjugated Polymers focuses on the practical preparation of conjugated polymers with each chapter discussing a particular type of conjugated polymer including a general explanation of the polymer, experimental details for synthesis and characterization. Edited by world leading experts in the field of conjugated polymer synthesis, the book serves as a convenient guide for advanced undergraduate level and above.
Book Synopsis Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set by : Wolfgang Knoll
Download or read book Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set written by Wolfgang Knoll and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 1107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very thin film materials have emerged as a highly interesting and useful quasi 2D-state functionality. They have given rise to numerous applications ranging from protective and smart coatings to electronics, sensors and display technology as well as serving biological, analytical and medical purposes. The tailoring of polymer film properties and functions has become a major research field. As opposed to the traditional treatise on polymer and resin-based coatings, this one-stop reference is the first to give readers a comprehensive view of the latest macromolecular and supramolecular film-based nanotechnology. Bringing together all the important facets and state-of-the-art research, the two well-structured volumes cover film assembly and depostion, functionality and patterning, and analysis and characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the phenomena, ordering, scale effects, fabrication, and analysis of polymer ultrathin films. This book will be a valuable addition for Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Surface Scientists, Bioengineers, Coatings Specialists, Chemical Engineers, and Scientists working in this important research field and industry.
Book Synopsis Spectro-electrochemical Studies of [conjugated] Polymer Single-molecules, Nanoparticles, and Thin Films by : Ya-Lan Chang
Download or read book Spectro-electrochemical Studies of [conjugated] Polymer Single-molecules, Nanoparticles, and Thin Films written by Ya-Lan Chang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers are widely used and rapidly developed in practical polymer-based light-emitting electronic devices. Understanding the electrochemical reaction of conjugated polymer has become essential in the design and operation of devices such as electrochemical light-emitting diodes. In particular, we have studied the dynamics and kinetics of oxidation/reduction behavior of conjugated polymer single-molecules and nanoparticles in order to obtain the molecular level properties of deeply trapped holes in organic semiconductor devices. Theoretical calculations suggest the penetration of ions and solvent molecules effectively stabilizes the injected charges, which allows homogeneous charge distribution and further hole injection. The formation and decay of deep traps have been explored by changing the charging rate and duration. We found that the laser excitation significantly promotes the untrapping of deep holes. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of single nanoparticles has been investigated to unravel the effects due to particle heterogeneity, which are masked in bulk electrochemical studies of nanoparticles. Bigger particles showed more intense light and longer duration time than smaller ones. Co-reactant, tripropylamine can facilitate the formation of electrogenerated chemiluminescence as well as alleviate the polymer oxidation and following irreversible electrochemical reaction. Electrochemically generated light waves from the conjugated polymer thin films have been visualized to obtain microscopic level understanding on the complex reaction mechanism. Electrochemical reaction occurs at local defects and propagates isotropically over macroscopic distances with a sharp wave front. The initially injected holes (oxidized polymers) drag counter-ions into the film, thereby induce a phase-transition-like swelling that enhances transport of ions and solvent and move forward the double layer and corresponding propagation of the wave.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : J.L. Brédas
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by J.L. Brédas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-09-30 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONJUGATED POLYMERS: THE IMTERPLAY BETWEEN SYNTHESIS, 1 STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES C. B. GORMAN and R. H. GRUBBS 1. Introduction 2 2. Structural Features of Conjuqated. Polyaers 3 3. Polymer Synthesis: Basic Methods 4 3. 1 Step-Growth Polymerization 5 3. 2 Chain-Growth Polymerization 6 3. 3 Rinq-Openinq Polymerization 8 4. Direct Synthetic Methods 8 4. 1 Electrochemical Synthesis 9 4. 2 Synthesis by Step-Growth Polymerization 11 4. 2. 1 Polyaniline (PAN) 11 4. 2. 2 Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) 12 4. 2. 3 Poly thiophene and its Derivatives 13 4. 2. 4 Other 5-membered Heterocyclic 16 Derivatives 4. 2. 5 Polyparaphenylene (PPP) 17 4. 2. 6 Polysilanes 18 4. 2. 7 Polymers of Phthalocyanines 19 4. 2. 8 Other Conjugated Metal Coordination 20 Polymers 4. 2. 9 Ladder Polymers 21 4. 3 The Unusual Topochemical Polymerization to 23 form Polydiacetylenes 4. 4 Chain-Growth Polymerizations 24 4. 4. 1 Polyacetylene via Ziegler-Natta 24 Polymerization 4. 4. 2 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 26 Routes to Polyacetylenes 5. Polymers fro. precursors 27 5. 1 Polyparaphenylene (PPP) 27 5. 2 Poly(Phenylene Vinylene) (PPV) and Other 28 Vinylene Polymers 5. 3 Precursors to Polyacetylene 29 6. Extentions of these Methods in the Synthesis of 31 .saall-Bandqap. Pplymers 7. Conjuqated. Polymer Matrices 33 8. Conclusions and Caveats 35 Acknowled. qements 36 References 36 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIHG POLYACETYLEHE 49 Th. SCHIMMEL, D. GLASER, M. SCHWOERER AND H. NAARMANN 1. Introduction 50 2. SBIlpie Synthesis, lIorphology and Properties 52 2."
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : Terje A. Skotheim
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by Terje A. Skotheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-26 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many significant fundamental concepts and practical applications have developed since the publication of the best-selling second edition of the Handbook of Conducting Polymers. Now divided into two books, the third edition continues to retain the excellent expertise of the editors and world-renowned contributors while providing superior coverage of
Book Synopsis Electropolymerization by : Serge Cosnier
Download or read book Electropolymerization written by Serge Cosnier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing extensive coverage, including conducting, insulating and electroactive films, this handbook and ready reference deals with introductory topics and fundamentals as well as advanced insights. Clearly structured, in the first part of the book readers learn the fundamentals of electropolymerizatoin for all important types of polymers, mechanisms of film formation and functionalization, while the second part covers a wide range of applications in biochemistry, analytics, photovoltaics, energy and the environment as well as actuators.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Conducting Polymers by : Helmut Kiess
Download or read book Conjugated Conducting Polymers written by Helmut Kiess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current understanding of electronic, optical and magnetic properties of conjugated polymers in both the semiconducting and metallic states. It introduces in particular novel phenomena and concepts in these quasi one-dimensional materials that differ from the well-established concepts valid for crystalline semiconductors. After a brief introductory chapter, the second chapter presents basic theore tical concepts and treats in detail the various models for n-conjugated polymers and the computational methods required to derive observable quantities. Specific spatially localized structures, often referred to as solitons, polarons and bipolarons, result naturally from the interaction between n-electrons and lattice displacements. For a semi-quantitative understanding of the various measure ments, electron-electron interactions have to be incorporated in the models; this in turn makes the calculations rather complicated. The third chapter is devoted to the electrical properties of these materials. The high metallic conductivity achieved by doping gave rise to the expression conducting polymers, which is often used for such materials even when they are in their semiconducting or insulating state. Although conductivity is one of the most important features, the reader will learn how difficult it is to draw definite conclusions about the nature of the charge carriers and the microscopic transport mechanism solely from electrical measurements. Optical properties are discussed in the fourth chapter.
Book Synopsis Electropolymerization by : Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
Download or read book Electropolymerization written by Ewa Schab-Balcerzak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, great focus has been placed upon polymer thin films. These polymer thin films are important in many technological applications, ranging from coatings and adhesives to organic electronic devices, including sensors and detectors. Electrochemical polymerization is preferable, especially if the polymeric product is intended for use as polymer thin films, because electrogeneration allows fine control over the film thickness, an important parameter for fabrication of devices. Moreover, it was demonstrated that it is possible to modify the material properties by parameter control of the electrodeposition process. Electrochemistry is an excellent tool, not only for synthesis, but also for characterization and application of various types of materials. This book provides a timely overview of a current state of knowledge regarding the use of electropolymerization for new materials preparation, including conducting polymers and various possibilities of applications.
Book Synopsis In situ Combined Electrochemical Techniques for Conducting Polymers by : Csaba Visy
Download or read book In situ Combined Electrochemical Techniques for Conducting Polymers written by Csaba Visy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines methods to improve functioning of these polymer based devices – in particular, the multi-faceted cognition of these materials. In situ electrochemical techniques are studied to elucidate redox switching between non-conducting and conducting states. The book examines the advantages of combinations of in situ electrochemical techniques in a hyphenated mode for analyzing conducting polymers.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications by : Srabanti Ghosh
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely overview of fundamental and advanced topics of conjugated polymer nanostructures Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications is a comprehensive reference on conjugated polymers for energy applications. Distinguished academic and editor Srabanti Ghosh offers readers a broad overview of the synthesis, characterization, and energy-related applications of nanostructures based on conjugated polymers. The book includes novel approaches and presents an interdisciplinary perspective rooted in the interfacing of polymer and synthetic chemistry, materials science, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry. This book provides complete descriptions of conjugated polymer nanostructures and polymer-based hybrid materials for energy conversion, water splitting, and the degradation of organic pollutants. Photovoltaics, solar cells, and energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion battery electrodes, and their associated technologies are discussed, as well. Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications covers both the fundamental topics and the most recent advances in this rapidly developing area, including: The design and characterization of conjugated polymer nanostructures, including the template-free and chemical synthesis of polymer nanostructures Conjugated polymer nanostructures for solar energy conversion and environmental protection, including the use of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts Conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy storage, including the use of nanocomposites as electrode materials The presentation of different and novel methods of utilizing conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy applications Perfect for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and physical chemists, Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications also belongs on the bookshelves of organic chemists and any other practicing researchers, academics, or professionals whose work touches on these highly versatile and useful structures.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer Synthesis by : Yoshiki Chujo
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Synthesis written by Yoshiki Chujo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by top international experts, this first book on conjugated polymers with a focus on synthesis provides a detailed overview of all modern synthetic methods for these highly interesting compounds. As such, it describes every important compound class, including polysilanes, organoboron compounds, and ferrocene-containing conjugated polymers. An indispensable source for every synthetic polymer chemist.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : John R. Reynolds
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by John R. Reynolds and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers properties, processing, and applications of conducting polymers. It discusses properties and characterization, including photophysics and transport. It then moves to processing and morphology of conducting polymers, covering such topics as printing, thermal processing, morphology evolution, conducting polymer composites, thin films
Book Synopsis Operando Liquid-cell Electron Microscopy of the Electrochemical Polymerization of Beam-sensitive Conjugated Polymers by : Vivek Subramanian
Download or read book Operando Liquid-cell Electron Microscopy of the Electrochemical Polymerization of Beam-sensitive Conjugated Polymers written by Vivek Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the deposition, we clearly see the early stages of the electrodeposition where the liquid-like oligomers (dark in contrast due to higher mass thickness) initially nucleate from the glassy carbon working electrode (lighter shade of grey compared to the oligomers) then merge, coalesce and increase in size and thickness before finally depositing onto the working electrode as a solid, stable and dark conjugated polymer film. Further, we used transmitted light optical microscopy to correlatively study this process which revealed the change in color of the translucent clusters to the dark polymer film caused due to the increase in conjugation length.
Download or read book Iontronics written by Janelle Leger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from a community of experts, the book focuses on the use of ionic functions to define the principle of operation in polymer devices. It begins by reviewing the scientific understanding and important scientific discoveries made on the electrochemistry of conjugated polymers. It examines the known effects of ion incorporation, including the theory and modulation of electrochemistry in polymer films, and it explores the coupling of electronic and ionic transport in polymer films.
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