Eisenhower vs. Warren

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Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 0871407558
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Eisenhower vs. Warren by : James F. Simon

Download or read book Eisenhower vs. Warren written by James F. Simon and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The epic 1950s battle that would shape the legal future of the civil rights movement is chronicled here for the first time. The bitter feud between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Chief Justice Earl Warren framed the tumultuous future of the modern civil rights movement. Eisenhower was a gradualist who wanted to coax white Americans in the South into eventually accepting integration, while Warren, author of the Supreme Court’s historic unanimous opinion in Brown v. Board of Education, demanded immediate action to dismantle the segregation of the public school system. In Eisenhower vs. Warren, two-time New York Times Notable Book author James F. Simon examines the years of strife between them that led Eisenhower to say that his biggest mistake as president was appointing that “dumb son of a bitch Earl Warren.” This momentous, poisonous relationship is presented here at last in one volume. Compellingly written, Eisenhower vs. Warren brings to vivid life the clash that continues to reverberate in political and constitutional debates today.

Justice for All

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9781594482700
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (827 download)

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Book Synopsis Justice for All by : Jim Newton

Download or read book Justice for All written by Jim Newton and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most acclaimed and best political biographies of its time, Justice for All is a monumental work dedicated to a complicated and principled figure that will become a seminal work of twentieth-century U.S. history. In Justice for All, Jim Newton, an award-winning journalist for the Los Angeles Times, brings readers the first truly comprehensive consideration of Earl Warren, the politician-turned-Chief Justice who refashioned the place of the court in American life through landmark Supreme Court cases whose names have entered the common parlance -- Brown v. Board of Education, Griswold v. Connecticut, Miranda v. Arizona, to name just a few. Drawing on unmatched access to government, academic, and private documents pertaining to Warren's life and career, Newton explores a fascinating angle of U.S. Supreme Court history while illuminating both the public and the private Warren.

Eisenhower vs. Warren: The Battle for Civil Rights and Liberties

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Author :
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0871407663
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Eisenhower vs. Warren: The Battle for Civil Rights and Liberties by : James F. Simon

Download or read book Eisenhower vs. Warren: The Battle for Civil Rights and Liberties written by James F. Simon and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The epic 1950s battle that would shape the legal future of the civil rights movement is chronicled here for the first time. The bitter feud between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Chief Justice Earl Warren framed the tumultuous future of the modern civil rights movement. Eisenhower was a gradualist who wanted to coax white Americans in the South into eventually accepting integration, while Warren, author of the Supreme Court’s historic unanimous opinion in Brown v. Board of Education, demanded immediate action to dismantle the segregation of the public school system. In Eisenhower vs. Warren, two-time New York Times Notable Book author James F. Simon examines the years of strife between them that led Eisenhower to say that his biggest mistake as president was appointing that “dumb son of a bitch Earl Warren.” This momentous, poisonous relationship is presented here at last in one volume. Compellingly written, Eisenhower vs. Warren brings to vivid life the clash that continues to reverberate in political and constitutional debates today.

A Matter of Justice

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416545549
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis A Matter of Justice by : David A. Nichols

Download or read book A Matter of Justice written by David A. Nichols and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years after President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce a federal court order desegregating the city's Central High School, a leading authority on Eisenhower presents an original and engrossing narrative that places Ike and his civil rights policies in dramatically new light. Historians such as Stephen Ambrose and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., have portrayed Eisenhower as aloof, if not outwardly hostile, to the plight of African-Americans in the 1950s. It is still widely assumed that he opposed the Supreme Court's landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision mandating the desegregation of public schools, that he deeply regretted appointing Earl Warren as the Court's chief justice because of his role in molding Brown, that he was a bystander in Congress's passage of the civil rights acts of 1957 and 1960, and that he so mishandled the Little Rock crisis that he was forced to dispatch troops to rescue a failed policy. In this sweeping narrative, David A. Nichols demonstrates that these assumptions are wrong. Drawing on archival documents neglected by biographers and scholars, including thousands of pages newly available from the Eisenhower Presidential Library, Nichols takes us inside the Oval Office to look over Ike's shoulder as he worked behind the scenes, prior to Brown, to desegregate the District of Columbia and complete the desegregation of the armed forces. We watch as Eisenhower, assisted by his close collaborator, Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr., sifted through candidates for federal judgeships and appointed five pro-civil rights justices to the Supreme Court and progressive judges to lower courts. We witness Eisenhower crafting civil rights legislation, deftly building a congressional coalition that passed the first civil rights act in eighty-two years, and maneuvering to avoid a showdown with Orval Faubus, the governor of Arkansas, over desegregation of Little Rock's Central High. Nichols demonstrates that Eisenhower, though he was a product of his time and its backward racial attitudes, was actually more progressive on civil rights in the 1950s than his predecessor, Harry Truman, and his successors, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. Eisenhower was more a man of deeds than of words and preferred quiet action over grandstanding. His cautious public rhetoric -- especially his legalistic response to Brown -- gave a misleading impression that he was not committed to the cause of civil rights. In fact, Eisenhower's actions laid the legal and political groundwork for the more familiar breakthroughs in civil rights achieved in the 1960s. Fair, judicious, and exhaustively researched, A Matter of Justice is the definitive book on Eisenhower's civil rights policies that every presidential historian and future biographer of Ike will have to contend with.

Chief Justice

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0684808528
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (848 download)

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Book Synopsis Chief Justice by : Ed Cray

Download or read book Chief Justice written by Ed Cray and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1997 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earl Warren is rightly remembered not only as one of the great chief justices of the Supreme Court, but as one of the most influential Americans of the twentieth century. Warren Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda, and Baker v. Carr have given us such famous phrases as "separate is not equal, " "read him his rights, " and "one-man-one-vote" - and have vastly expanded civil rights and personal liberties. A generation later the Warren Court's decisions still define American freedoms. Ed Cray recounts this truly American story in the finest and most comprehensive biography of Earl Warren. He has interviewed nearly all of the Chief's law clerks, four of his children, and more than one hundred others, many of whom recall for the first time their years with Warren. He has read thousands of personal letters and official documents deposited in ten libraries across the country, weaving them into a tale of political intrigue, judicial politics, family reminiscences, and a loving marriage.

The Age of Eisenhower

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1451698437
Total Pages : 895 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Eisenhower by : William I. Hitchcock

Download or read book The Age of Eisenhower written by William I. Hitchcock and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times–bestselling biography: a “complete and powerful assessment” of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency (Booklist, starred review). Drawing on newly declassified documents and thousands of pages of unpublished material, The Age of Eisenhower tells the story of a masterful president guiding the nation through the great crises of the 1950s, from McCarthyism and the Korean War through civil rights turmoil and Cold War conflicts. This is a portrait of a skilled leader who, despite his conservative inclinations, found a middle path through the bitter partisanship of his era. At home, Eisenhower affirmed the central elements of the New Deal, such as Social Security; fought the demagoguery of Senator Joseph McCarthy; and advanced the agenda of civil rights for African-Americans. Abroad, he ended the Korean War and avoided a new quagmire in Vietnam. Yet he also charted a significant expansion of America’s missile technology and deployed a vast array of covert operations around the world to confront the challenge of communism. As he left office, he cautioned Americans to remain alert to the dangers of a powerful military-industrial complex that could threaten their liberties. Today, presidential historians rank Eisenhower fifth on the list of great presidents, and William Hitchcock’s “rich narrative” shows us why Ike’s stock has risen so high. He was a gifted leader, a decent man of humble origins who used his powers to advance the welfare of all Americans (The Wall Street Journal).

All Deliberate Speed: Reflections on the First Half-Century of Brown v. Board of Education

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Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393608522
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis All Deliberate Speed: Reflections on the First Half-Century of Brown v. Board of Education by : Charles J. Ogletree

Download or read book All Deliberate Speed: Reflections on the First Half-Century of Brown v. Board of Education written by Charles J. Ogletree and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2005-11-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An effective blend of memoir, history and legal analysis."—Christopher Benson, Washington Post Book World In what John Hope Franklin calls "an essential work" on race and affirmative action, Charles Ogletree, Jr., tells his personal story of growing up a "Brown baby" against a vivid pageant of historical characters that includes, among others, Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King, Jr., Earl Warren, Anita Hill, Alan Bakke, and Clarence Thomas. A measured blend of personal memoir, exacting legal analysis, and brilliant insight, Ogletree's eyewitness account of the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education offers a unique vantage point from which to view five decades of race relations in America.

Earl Warren

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 163388581X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Earl Warren by : D. J. Herda

Download or read book Earl Warren written by D. J. Herda and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive biography of one of history's greatest Supreme Court justices. How did a conservative Republican end up creating the most liberal Supreme Court in modern history? This new biography of Earl Warren Sr., based on primary sources and previously unpublished material, brings together for the first time family recollections, anecdotes, mementos, photos, documents, and excerpts from diaries, along with the facts of the great jurist's life. The result is the most accurate, up-to-date, and complete picture of the man available. Beginning with Warren's upbringing and Scandinavian immigrant parents who taught him fairness, tolerance, and reverence for the truth, the author then reviews Warren's early career in California as a district attorney. There he helped put an end to corruption in the police department, tackled organized crime, and worked to end illegal gambling and offshore racketeering. After becoming governor, he fought to improve the state's public health, education, and prison systems. And he played an important role in the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the first Republican president in twenty years. Focusing largely on Warren's remarkable career as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, chapters are devoted to that court's landmark rulings, including Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda. In addition, the author discusses Warren's relationships with Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy. Finally, he delves into the Chief Justice's role in spearheading the Warren Report, the official publication documenting the investigation of President Kennedy's assassination—findings that forever etched Warren's name in history. With access to surviving Warren family members, courtesy of Earl Warren's grandson, Judge James Warren, the author has crafted the definitive biography of one of history's greatest Supreme Court justices.

Super Chief, Earl Warren and His Supreme Court

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780814778258
Total Pages : 853 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (782 download)

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Book Synopsis Super Chief, Earl Warren and His Supreme Court by : Bernard Schwartz

Download or read book Super Chief, Earl Warren and His Supreme Court written by Bernard Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Memoirs of Earl Warren

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Publisher : Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday
ISBN 13 : 9780385128353
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (283 download)

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Book Synopsis The Memoirs of Earl Warren by : Earl Warren

Download or read book The Memoirs of Earl Warren written by Earl Warren and published by Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday. This book was released on 1977 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earl Warren, recorded in American history as one of the most controversial Chief Justices in Supreme Court history, was often the target of bitter public attacks. Earl Warren records his true feelings and responses, in a frank, personal memoir covering the whole course of his distinguished life and career.

Eisenhower in War and Peace

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Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0812982886
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Eisenhower in War and Peace by : Jean Edward Smith

Download or read book Eisenhower in War and Peace written by Jean Edward Smith and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Christian Science Monitor • St. Louis Post-Dispatch “Magisterial.”—The New York Times In this extraordinary volume, Jean Edward Smith presents a portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower that is as full, rich, and revealing as anything ever written about America’s thirty-fourth president. Here is Eisenhower the young dreamer, charting a course from Abilene, Kansas, to West Point and beyond. Drawing on a wealth of untapped primary sources, Smith provides new insight into Ike’s maddening apprenticeship under Douglas MacArthur. Then the whole panorama of World War II unfolds, with Eisenhower’s superlative generalship forging the Allied path to victory. Smith also gives us an intriguing examination of Ike’s finances, details his wartime affair with Kay Summersby, and reveals the inside story of the 1952 Republican convention that catapulted him to the White House. Smith’s chronicle of Eisenhower’s presidential years is as compelling as it is comprehensive. Derided by his detractors as a somnambulant caretaker, Eisenhower emerges in Smith’s perceptive retelling as both a canny politician and a skillful, decisive leader. He managed not only to keep the peace, but also to enhance America’s prestige in the Middle East and throughout the world. Unmatched in insight, Eisenhower in War and Peace at last gives us an Eisenhower for our time—and for the ages. NATIONAL BESTSELLER Praise for Eisenhower in War and Peace “[A] fine new biography . . . [Eisenhower’s] White House years need a more thorough exploration than many previous biographers have given them. Smith, whose long, distinguished career includes superb one-volume biographies of Grant and Franklin Roosevelt, provides just that.”—The Washington Post “Highly readable . . . [Smith] shows us that [Eisenhower’s] ascent to the highest levels of the military establishment had much more to do with his easy mastery of politics than with any great strategic or tactical achievements.”—The Wall Street Journal “Always engrossing . . . Smith portrays a genuinely admirable Eisenhower: smart, congenial, unpretentious, and no ideologue. Despite competing biographies from Ambrose, Perret, and D’Este, this is the best.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) “No one has written so heroic a biography [on Eisenhower] as this year’s Eisenhower in War and Peace [by] Jean Edward Smith.”—The National Interest “Dwight Eisenhower, who was more cunning than he allowed his adversaries to know, understood the advantage of being underestimated. Jean Edward Smith demonstrates precisely how successful this stratagem was. Smith, America’s greatest living biographer, shows why, now more than ever, Americans should like Ike.”—George F. Will

FDR and Chief Justice Hughes

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416578897
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis FDR and Chief Justice Hughes by : James F. Simon

Download or read book FDR and Chief Justice Hughes written by James F. Simon and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the author of acclaimed books on the bitter clashes between Jefferson and Chief Justice Marshall on the shaping of the nation’s constitutional future, and between Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney over slavery, secession, and the presidential war powers. Roosevelt and Chief Justice Hughes's fight over the New Deal was the most critical struggle between an American president and a chief justice in the twentieth century. The confrontation threatened the New Deal in the middle of the nation’s worst depression. The activist president bombarded the Democratic Congress with a fusillade of legislative remedies that shut down insolvent banks, regulated stocks, imposed industrial codes, rationed agricultural production, and employed a quarter million young men in the Civilian Conservation Corps. But the legislation faced constitutional challenges by a conservative bloc on the Court determined to undercut the president. Chief Justice Hughes often joined the Court’s conservatives to strike down major New Deal legislation. Frustrated, FDR proposed a Court-packing plan. His true purpose was to undermine the ability of the life-tenured Justices to thwart his popular mandate. Hughes proved more than a match for Roosevelt in the ensuing battle. In grudging admiration for Hughes, FDR said that the Chief Justice was the best politician in the country. Despite the defeat of his plan, Roosevelt never lost his confidence and, like Hughes, never ceded leadership. He outmaneuvered isolationist senators, many of whom had opposed his Court-packing plan, to expedite aid to Great Britain as the Allies hovered on the brink of defeat. He then led his country through World War II.

Ike's Final Battle

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Publisher : WND Books
ISBN 13 : 0977898458
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (778 download)

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Book Synopsis Ike's Final Battle by : Kasey S. Pipes

Download or read book Ike's Final Battle written by Kasey S. Pipes and published by WND Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He called it one of the hardest things he ever didas difficult as leading the D-Day invasion. When Dwight Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock to integrate Central High School in September 1957, he couldn't know that he was fighting the last great battle of his career...one that would change forever both him and his country. This is the story of how one of America's greatest leaders confronted America's greatest sin. This is the unlikely tale of how Ike became a civil rights president."Ike" represents is a revolution in scholarship on Eisenhower and civil rights. Though not uncritical, the book credits his steady personal advance on the issue as well as his accomplishments in the military and as president. Drawing on thousands of primary documents (including newly released material), "Ike's Last Battle" builds to its climax at Little Rockone of the most pivotal events of the civil rights movement. Little Rock is at the epicenter, but the book will also look at the cause, and the aftermath.

The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476732515
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right by : Michael J. Graetz

Download or read book The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right written by Michael J. Graetz and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude of the Burger Court has been underestimated by historians. When Richard Nixon ran for president in 1968, "Impeach Earl Warren" billboards dotted the landscape, especially in the South. Nixon promised to transform the Supreme Court--and with four appointments, including a new chief justice, he did. This book tells the story of the Supreme Court that came in between the liberal Warren Court and the conservative Rehnquist and Roberts Courts: the seventeen years, 1969 to 1986, under Chief Justice Warren Burger. It is a period largely written off as a transitional era at the Supreme Court when, according to the common verdict, "nothing happened." How wrong that judgment is. The Burger Court had vitally important choices to make: whether to push school desegregation across district lines; how to respond to the sexual revolution and its new demands for women's equality; whether to validate affirmative action on campuses and in the workplace; whether to shift the balance of criminal law back toward the police and prosecutors; what the First Amendment says about limits on money in politics. The Burger Court forced a president out of office while at the same time enhancing presidential power. It created a legacy that in many ways continues to shape how we live today. Written with a keen sense of history and expert use of the justices' personal papers, this book sheds new light on an important era in American political and legal history.--Adapted from dust jacket.

The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice

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Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780809016259
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (162 download)

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Book Synopsis The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice by : Morton J. Horwitz

Download or read book The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice written by Morton J. Horwitz and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 1999-04-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren, from 1953 to 1969, discussing the impact of the liberal court's civil rights and civil liberties decisions on American constitutional law.

Eisenhower and Churchill

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Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0307555860
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Eisenhower and Churchill by : James C. Humes

Download or read book Eisenhower and Churchill written by James C. Humes and published by Crown. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although born and raised more than an ocean apart, Dwight Eisenhower and Winston Churchill—the two titans of the greatest generation—led remarkably parallel lives whose paths would intersect during history's most harrowing days. Through their youth, education, and military training, both men experienced similar triumphs and failures that shaped their lives, though they met only for the first time upon the eve of war in 1941. Eisenhower and Churchill tells the magnificent story of these two great leaders and their exemplary partnership in war and peace. Through enlivened pages and fascinating anecdotes, author James C. Humes illuminates the human side of each man, who had more in common with each other than a world war. You'll discover the extraordinary stories of how both were born to domineering mothers and failed fathers, both did not qualify for the military academy on the first try, both were traumatized by experiences in World War I, both were talented writers, and both lost a child in the very same year (1921). Remarkably, each man did not warm to the other at first; but as they worked together, their respect for one another grew to become a powerful friendship that lived long after the echoes of war had receded into the past. As allies, they shared a hatred for tyranny and led the world through the greatest war of the twentieth century. As friends, they shared a sense of trust and cooperation that should be raised as a standard. Containing new research and memorable insights, Eisenhower and Churchill brings to life the two lions of the twentieth centruy. "Who would not welcome an intimate book about Churchill and Eisenhower, and who is better situated to write it than Professor Humes, who knew them both, and studiously—and ardently—records their careers and their friendship?" —William F. Buckley Jr. "James C. Humes's Eisenhower and Churchill is a wonderful dual biography laced with lively anecdotes, engaging prose, and shrewd analysis. A truly welcome addition to our growing literature on the Second World War." —Douglas Brinkley, professor of history and director of the Eisenhower Center, University of New Orleans

Brown v. Board of Education

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199880840
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Brown v. Board of Education by : James T. Patterson

Download or read book Brown v. Board of Education written by James T. Patterson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2004 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court's unanimous decision to end segregation in public schools. Many people were elated when Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in May 1954, the ruling that struck down state-sponsored racial segregation in America's public schools. Thurgood Marshall, chief attorney for the black families that launched the litigation, exclaimed later, "I was so happy, I was numb." The novelist Ralph Ellison wrote, "another battle of the Civil War has been won. The rest is up to us and I'm very glad. What a wonderful world of possibilities are unfolded for the children!" Here, in a concise, moving narrative, Bancroft Prize-winning historian James T. Patterson takes readers through the dramatic case and its fifty-year aftermath. A wide range of characters animates the story, from the little-known African Americans who dared to challenge Jim Crow with lawsuits (at great personal cost); to Thurgood Marshall, who later became a Justice himself; to Earl Warren, who shepherded a fractured Court to a unanimous decision. Others include segregationist politicians like Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas; Presidents Eisenhower, Johnson, and Nixon; and controversial Supreme Court justices such as William Rehnquist and Clarence Thomas. Most Americans still see Brown as a triumph--but was it? Patterson shrewdly explores the provocative questions that still swirl around the case. Could the Court--or President Eisenhower--have done more to ensure compliance with Brown? Did the decision touch off the modern civil rights movement? How useful are court-ordered busing and affirmative action against racial segregation? To what extent has racial mixing affected the academic achievement of black children? Where indeed do we go from here to realize the expectations of Marshall, Ellison, and others in 1954?