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Effects Of Reynolds Number And Nozzle Geometry On The Non Turbulent Length Of Free Axi Symmetric And Rectangular Jets
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Book Synopsis Effects of Reynolds Number and Nozzle Geometry on the Non-turbulent Length of Free Axi-symmetric and Rectangular Jets by : Allan Ross Werbow
Download or read book Effects of Reynolds Number and Nozzle Geometry on the Non-turbulent Length of Free Axi-symmetric and Rectangular Jets written by Allan Ross Werbow and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design Theory of Fluidic Components by : Joseph M. Kirshner
Download or read book Design Theory of Fluidic Components written by Joseph M. Kirshner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design Theory of Fluidic Components is an 11-chapter text that discusses the most pertinent results of fluidics research and in closely related fields. After providing an overview of the basic components and design theory of fluidics, this book goes on exploring the passive fluid components and the theory of jets. The following chapters specifically deal with the factors that give rise to lumped resistance, capacitance, and inductance, as well as the fluid transients in lines. These topics are followed by discussions on various jet velocity distributions and a simplified theory of motion of jets in a pressure gradient. The remaining six chapters are devoted to the active fluidic components, and begin with an examination of the characteristic curves that are necessary to describe the performance of the active components. These chapters also cover the extent to which the performance of specific fluidic components can be predicted analytically. This book is of great value to fluidic research engineers and graduate mechanical engineering students.
Book Synopsis On the Effects of Initial Conditions on Statistical Properties of Single and Twin Turbulent Jets by : Seyed Sobhan Aleyasin
Download or read book On the Effects of Initial Conditions on Statistical Properties of Single and Twin Turbulent Jets written by Seyed Sobhan Aleyasin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Reynolds number and nozzle geometry on the development and the structures of free turbulent single and twin jets. The velocity measurements were performed using a particle image velocimetry (PIV). Measurements were conducted in the symmetry planes of single round, elliptic, rectangular, triangular, cross, daisy, star and square jets, and the Reynolds number studied ranged from 2500 to 20000. The effects of the initial conditions on the jets' properties are studied using the mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and triple velocity correlations. Also, several methods are employed to extract and examine the turbulent structures of the jets which are responsible for their different mixing performance. The results show that noncircular jets have shorter potential core length, faster growth of centerline turbulence intensity and higher velocity decay and spread rates. Due to the specific topology of the daisy and triangular jets, the normalized profiles of mean velocity and higher order turbulent statistics in their minor and major planes are close to each other, therefore, the turbulent kinetic energy can be approximated by k=0.5((u^2 )+2(v^2 )). In addition, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis shows that the fractional and cumulative energy of turbulent structures in both minor and major planes of the triangular jet are almost identical. In the elliptic and rectangular jets, the statistical quantities in the minor and major planes differ significantly. The swirling strength analysis shows that the vortical structures in the minor plane of the elliptic and rectangular jets are more intense compared to those in their major plane as well as in the round and square jets leading to a higher jet spreading in the minor planes. It is observed that an increase in Reynolds number decreases the decay and spread rates, however, at Re > 10000 they become asymptotic. The joint probability density function (JPDF) and weighted joint probability density function (WJPDF) analysis demonstrate that the dominant events that contribute towards the Reynolds shear stress are different upstream of the axis-switching point in the minor and major planes of the elliptic jet. Consequently, a sign change occurs in the distribution of the Reynolds shear stress in the major plane but not in the minor plane. In twin jets, upstream of the merging point, the levels of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress are higher in the inner shear layers, but the opposite trend is observed downstream of the merging point. The swirling strength analysis reveals that the vortical structures are more intense in the inner shear layers upstream of the merging point, their strengths are equal at the merging point and eventually more intense in the outer shear layers after the merging point. The analysis performed at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of the jets reveals no Reynolds number effect on conditional streamwise velocity and spanwise vorticity distribution. However, the values of conditional transverse velocity are significantly larger at the lowest Reynolds number. The two-point correlation functions point out that the turbulent structures in the outer shear layers are larger compared to the inner shear layers.
Book Synopsis Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States by :
Download or read book Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric Fully Developed Laminar Free Jet by : Eugene P. Symons
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric Fully Developed Laminar Free Jet written by Eugene P. Symons and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine dynamic characteristics of a circular, fully developed, laminar free jet. Complete velocity profiles are presented at Reynolds numbers of 437 and 1839 at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 25 diameters from the nozzle exit. Centerline velocity decay was obtained over a range of Reynolds numbers from 255 to 1839. Also presented are the angles of spread associated with the diffusion of the jet downstream of the nozzle. Where possible, results are compared with those obtained for laminar jets having an initially flat or uniform velocity profile at the nozzle exit.
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) by : Suvanjan Bhattacharyya
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (Vol. 3) written by Suvanjan Bhattacharyya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of the 48th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2021) held at BITS Pilani in December 2021. It covers the topics such as fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid flows, computational fluid dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid‐structure interaction, multiphase flows, micro- and nanoscale transport, bio-fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals interested in the broad field of mechanics.
Book Synopsis Effects of Upstream Nozzle Geometry on Rectangular Free Jets by : Tanmay J. Tipnis
Download or read book Effects of Upstream Nozzle Geometry on Rectangular Free Jets written by Tanmay J. Tipnis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is aimed at understanding the effects of changing the upstream nozzle geometry on the development of rectangular free jets. An existing converging rectangular nozzle with an exit aspect ratio of 4 and a circular inlet (AR4 nozzle) has been used as the basic configuration for this work. The study is primarily based on the results of numerical simulations wherein the internal geometry variation is accomplished by changing the inlet aspect ratio (AR,) and the length of the converging section, expressed as a ratio with respect to the length of the nozzle (called 'converging section ratio*, CSR); all the other parameters are kept constant. The results from LDA experiments done on the AR4 nozzle are presented and used as validation data for the CPD simulations. Analyses of the numerical results help in understanding the variation of the jet spreading for different combinations of AR, and CSR. Two parameters are identified for describing the jet development: the cross-over point (XC), defined as the location downstream of the exit where the jet half-velocity-widths (B) along the major and minor axes are equal, and the difference in the half-velocity-widths at 30 nozzle equivalent diameters (Dm) from the exit (AB30), to ascertain the occurrence of axis-switching. For a given AR, XC varies linearly with CSR; the variation of XC is non-linear with AR, for a constant CSR. The A1330 variation is non-linear with both AR, and CSR; the other variable being kept constant. The data obtained from the simulations are further used to propose two parametric models which can be used to predict the occurrence of axis-switching, within the scope of this work. The parametric models are validated and future work is proposed.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Axisymmetric Free Jets by :
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Axisymmetric Free Jets written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some experimental and theoretical studies have been made of axisymmetric free jets exhausting from sonic and supersonic nozzles into still air and into supersonic streams with a view toward problems associated with propulsive jets and the investigation of these problems. For jets exhausting into still air, consideration is given to the effects of jet Mach number, nozzle divergence angle, and jet static-pressure ratio upon jet structure, jet wavelength, and the shape and curvature of the jet boundary. Studies of the effects of the ratio of specific heats of the jets are included as are observations pertaining to jet noise and jet simulation. For jets exhausting into supersonic streams, an attempt has been made to present primarily theoretical curves of the type that may be useful in evaluating certain jet interference effects and in formulating experimental studies. The primary variables considered are jet Mach number, free-stream Mach number, jet static-pressure ratio, ratio of specific heats of the jet, nozzle exit angle, and boattail angle. The simulation problem and the case of a hypothetical hypersonic vehicle are examined. A few experimental observations are included.
Book Synopsis On the Effects of Nozzle Spacing Ratio on Statistical Properties of Twin Low-aspect-ratio Rectangular Jets by : Ramin Naseri Oskouie
Download or read book On the Effects of Nozzle Spacing Ratio on Statistical Properties of Twin Low-aspect-ratio Rectangular Jets written by Ramin Naseri Oskouie and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of the spacing ratio between the nozzles on the evolution and interaction of twin rectangular jets. The velocity measurements were conducted using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The measurements were performed on the symmetry plane of the rectangular jets. A total of 5 test cases of S/de = 1.8, 2.8, 3.7, 5.5 and 7.3 were examined with Reynolds number being fixed and equal to Rede = 10,000. The effects of the spacing ratio on the mean flow in terms of its mixing characteristics (e.g., decay and spread rates) and turbulence statistics (e.g., turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses) were investigated. The focus was then on large-scale structures (LSS). The evolution of LSS was studied along the shear layers and the symmetry line in order to investigate the effects of nozzle spacing and interactions. For doing so, various techniques such as Galilean decomposition, two-point correlation and swirling strength were applied on the flow field. The conditionally-averaged mean streamwise velocity profiles were also extracted around the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) and results were compared with twin round jet counterpart. The results showed that changing the spacing ratio directly affects some characteristics of the mean flow, turbulence statistics and LSS. For instance, it was observed that increasing the spacing ratio, linearly increases the streamwise locations of the merging and combined points though with different slopes. Turbulence intensity profiles along the symmetry line showed a peak downstream of the merging point, where its value decreased as the spacing ratio increased. Also, interestingly for S/de ≤ 3.7, the peak of the transverse component was larger than the streamwise component. Regarding the integral length scale of turbulence along the symmetry line, a linearly increasing trend was observed. Whilst no effects of nozzle spacing was observed on the streamwise component, the trend for the transverse component showed to increase by increasing the spacing ratio. Due to the importance of the shear layers in free shear flows, a special attention was paid to the inner and outer shear layers. In the converging region, jet half-velocity widths were identical for the shear layers. In the merging region however, while the outer shear layer continued to spread similarly to its single jet counterpart, the half-velocity width of the inner shear layer rapidly increased before becoming unstable by the interactions. Study of coherent structures showed that the effects of interactions become more pronounced as the inner shear layer develops in the merging region. For instance, 0.1de downstream of the merging point, the streamwise spatial correlation of the outer and inner shear layers were identical. By progressing into the merging region however, this reduced for the inner shear layer while expectedly increased for the outer shear layer. In a similar fashion, at the TNTI the difference between conditionally- and unconditional- averaged profiles of mean streamwise velocity increased as the inner shear layer developed in the merging region. As a result, the conditional profile jumped to a larger value upon entering the turbulent region.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric Free Jet with an Initially Uniform Velocity Profile by : Thomas L. Labus
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric Free Jet with an Initially Uniform Velocity Profile written by Thomas L. Labus and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the flow characteristics of a circular free helium jet having an initially uniform velocity profile. Complete velocity profiles are presented at Reynolds numbers of 1027 and 4571 at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 nozzle diameters (where possible) from the nozzle exit. Centerline velocity decay and potential core length were obtained over a range of Reynolds numbers from 155 to 5349 at distances up to and including 25 nozzle diameters from the nozzle exit. The angles of spread associated with the diffusion of the jet downstream of the nozzle are also given. Axial jet momentum flux and entrained mass flux, at various distances downstream of the nozzle, are presented as a function of the jet Reynolds number.
Book Synopsis Jets and Cavities by : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting
Download or read book Jets and Cavities written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prediction methods for jet V/STOL propulsion aerodynamics by : M. F. Platzer
Download or read book Prediction methods for jet V/STOL propulsion aerodynamics written by M. F. Platzer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turbulent Jets written by N. Rajaratnam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent Jets
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reynolds Number Effects on the Mixing Behavior of Axisymmetric Turbulent Jets by : William M. Pitts
Download or read book Reynolds Number Effects on the Mixing Behavior of Axisymmetric Turbulent Jets written by William M. Pitts and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Instabilities in Near Field of Turbulent Jets and Their Dependence on Initial Conditions and Reynolds Number by :
Download or read book Instabilities in Near Field of Turbulent Jets and Their Dependence on Initial Conditions and Reynolds Number written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Near-field pressure and velocity measurements, along with multiple flow visualization techniques, were obtained at several azimuthal positions to establish the effect of initial conditions and Reynolds number on the development and nature of instabilitiues in the initial region of axisymmetric free jets. In cases where the exit boundary layer is laminar, the natural jet is found to be unstable alternately to axisymmetric and helical modes having Strouhal numbers of 0.013 and 0.016, respectively. The scaling of these modes is independent of Reynolds number and initial jet disturbance level. However, the disturbance level does not determine the sensitivity of the initial region to the helical mode. When the initial axisymmetric mode grows to a finite amplitude, a subharmonic resonance mechanism that leads to pairing develops two wavelengths from the jet exit. The axisymmetric and helical modes interact nonlinearly, generating numerous sum and difference modes. With the strong growth of the subharmonic mode, a secondary set of nonlinear interactions develops between the subharmonic mode and the above modes. A strong near-field pressure is associated with each of these instability modes and is coherent with the velocity fluctuations in the jet over the entire growth and decay regions of each mode. The details of this field reveal that pairing is not responsible for a feedback mechanism. This strong near-field pressure acts as a natural excitation to the jet. When the background disturbance is sufficiently low, a natural coupling is observed at special operating conditions where the initial modes are coupled to the mode observed near the end of the potential core of the jet.
