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Effects Of Organic Loading Rate On Reactor Performance And Archaeal Community Structure In Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Municipal Sewage Sludge
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Book Synopsis Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Reactor Performance and Archaeal Community Structure in Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Municipal Sewage Sludge by : Eddie Francisco Gómez
Download or read book Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Reactor Performance and Archaeal Community Structure in Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Municipal Sewage Sludge written by Eddie Francisco Gómez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Full-scale high solid anaerobic digestion (AD) technology for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production, the first of its kind in the country, was recently installed in the city of Akron, Ohio. Currently, 1/3 (5000 dry tons/yr) of their dewatered municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is stabilized via AD, while the remainder is stabilized by composting. Expansion and sizing of future AD reactors to accommodate additional organics generated by the facility is being considered. To evaluate this option a better understanding of the effects of organics loading rate (OLR) on AD is needed because, there is a lack of information on the effects of increased OLR on reactor performance and stability. The hypothesis of this study was that increasing the OLR from 3.4 to 5.0 gVS L-1d-1 would not affect the biochemical or molecular properties related to reactor stability and performance. To test this hypothesis, a laboratory simulation of the full-scale AD process was conducted in a 42-day study. Six identical continuously stirred-tank mesophilic reactors with 3.5 L working volumes were used. Four different treatments were evaluated, one of which was replicated (treatment 1) to assess error and variability. The first treatment (T1) had an OLR of 3.4 gVS L-1d-1 equal to the current full-scale OLR. Treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4) had OLR of 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 gVS L-1d-1, respectively. To assess the effects of increased OLR on reactor performance and stability, biochemical and molecular parameters were used. Archaeal community structure dynamics were determined by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes using fluorescently labeled archaeal primers (Ar109f and FAM labeled Ar912rt) followed by terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses using TaqI, AluI and BfaI restriction enzymes. Results showed that reactors maintained stable conditions during the experimental period. An increase in the amount of organic matter biodegradation was observed with increasing the OLR, resulting in higher organic matter removal and volumetric methane production rate. The highest VS removal and volumetric methane production results were observed for T4, 54 " 2% and 1.4 " 0.1 LCH4 L-1d-1, respectively. Moreover, the efficiency of reactor conversion of organic matter to methane was found to be similar in all the treatments with an average value of 0.57 " 0.07 LCH4 gVS-1removed. The archaeal TRFs derived from the three endonucleases used for molecular analysis, showed that predominant TRFs remained stable during the experiment accounting for an average relative abundance (RA) of 81 " 1%. The TRFs with the greatest abundance using TaqI, AluI and BfaI respectively had sizes of 185, 166 and 104 base pairs, respectively. Archaea consistent with combinations of the three sets of TRFs included members of both the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota phyla, including acetoclastic metabolic groups which utilize acetate to produce CH4 and hydrogenotrophs, which utilize hydrogen as an electron acceptor to produce CH4. Orders of Euryarchaeota consistent with the TRFs were Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales. The TRF combination that was consistent with the Crenarchaeota phylum, belonged to an uncultured Crenarchaeote. In conclusion, this laboratory-scale study suggests that performance and stability as well as the archaeal community structure in this digester system was unaffected by increasing the OLR by nearly 50%. Furthermore, increasing the OLR increased the amount of methane gas generated from the same size reactor.
Book Synopsis Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies by : Xuan-Thanh Bui
Download or read book Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses major technological advances in the treatment and re-use of wastewater. Its focus is on both novel treatment strategies and the modifications and adaptions of conventional processes to optimize the treatment of a complex variety of pollutants, including organic matter, chemicals and micropollutants in different water resources, as well as the integration of water treatment with bioelectricity production. Written by leading researchers in the field, it will be of interest to a wide range of researchers in both industry and academia.
Book Synopsis Microbial Ecotoxicology Advances to Improve Environmental and Human Health Under Global Change by : Fabrice Martin-Laurent
Download or read book Microbial Ecotoxicology Advances to Improve Environmental and Human Health Under Global Change written by Fabrice Martin-Laurent and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Martin Dworkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the launch of its first electronic edition, The Prokaryotes, the definitive reference on the biology of bacteria, enters an exciting new era of information delivery. Subscription-based access is available. The electronic version begins with an online implementation of the content found in the printed reference work, The Prokaryotes, Second Edition. The content is being fully updated over a five-year period until the work is completely revised. Thereafter, material will be continuously added to reflect developments in bacteriology. This online version features information retrieval functions and multimedia components.
Book Synopsis Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technologies by : Faisal Ibney Hai
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technologies written by Faisal Ibney Hai and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technologies" that was published in Applied Sciences
Author :IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes Publisher :IWA Publishing ISBN 13 :1900222787 Total Pages :61 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) by : IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Co-digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Selected Commercial and Industrial Organic Wastes by : Vahid Razaviarani
Download or read book Anaerobic Co-digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Selected Commercial and Industrial Organic Wastes written by Vahid Razaviarani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research was to investigate the anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge with selected organic wastes in three main areas: (1) to determine the maximum feasible loading of co-substrate, (2) to calibrate the ADM1 model for co-digestion system at steady state, and (3) to evaluate the linkage between microbial community dynamics and reactor performance and stability during steady state and overloading co-digestion. In this study, restaurant grease waste (GTW) as a commercial waste and biodiesel glycerin waste (BGW) as an industrial waste were co-digested with municipal wastewater sludge (MWS) in separate trials. In the first part of this research, the maximum feasible loading of each of the organic wastes with MWS with respect to the reactor performance and stability were investigated in the separate pilot-scale experiments. In each run, two 1300L completely mixed reactors were operated under mesophilic temperature (37°C) and a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days. Throughout the pilot experiment, one reactor served as control and received only MWS and the other was assigned as the test digester and fed with the mixture of MWS and the co-substrate (GTW or BGW) in various organic loadings. GTW co-digestion with MWS was found to be feasible up to a maximum loading of 23% VS or 58% COD relative to the total 1.6 kg VS/m3-d or 4.0 kg COD/m3-d loadings, respectively. At this loading, test digester biogas production was 67% greater than that of the control. The test digester biogas production declined markedly when the percentage of VS from GTW in its feed was increased to 30% of its total VS loading. Causes of the reduced biogas production were investigated and attributed to process inhibition due to long chain fatty acid accumulation. The maximum safe limit of BGW co-digested with MWS was found at 23% and 35% of the total 1.04 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.38 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. At this loading, the biogas and methane production rates in the test digester were 1.65 and 1.83 times greater than of those in the control digester which received only MWS, respectively. Process instability was observed when the proportion of BGW in the test digester feed was 31% and 46% of the 1.18 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.88 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. In the second part of the research, the ADM1 model was calibrated for co-digestion of MWS and GTW at steady state using anaerobic respirometric test with substrate characterizations. Initial biomass concentrations and distributions were estimated using methane production rate curves together with effluent values from full-scale anaerobic digesters. Two separate datasets obtained from steady state mesophilic bench-scale experiments were used to calibrate and validate the model. The modified model was able to predict reasonably well the steady-state results of biogas production, CH4 and CO2 contents, pH, alkalinity, COD and VSS observed within the evaluated GTW loading. The calibrated model predicted well the bench and pilot scale co-digesters performance. The last part of the study was to investigate the relationships between microbial population (bacteria and archaea) dynamics and reactor performance and stability during the co-digestion of MWS with GTW or BGW in two separate trails. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobium were the dominant acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen genera, respectively, during stable reactor operation. The roles of syntrophic bacteria such as Candidatus Cloacamonas-- and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found to be substantial at overloading conditions in both experiments.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology and Process Efficiency by : Luka Šafari?
Download or read book Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology and Process Efficiency written by Luka Šafari? and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions continue imposing stress on our environment, it is becoming increasingly important to identify and implement new renewable technologies. Biogas production through anaerobic digestion has a great potential, since it links waste treatment with extraction of renewable energy, enabling circular bio-economies that are vital for a sustainable future. For biogas to have an important role as a renewable energy carrier in society, the scale of its production will need to be increased substantially. New substrates need to be introduced along with raising organic loading rates of the reactors to increase the rate of biogas production. This contributes to challenges in maintaining process stability, thus increasing the risk for process disturbances, including problems that were not commonly encountered before. These difficulties may be particularly pronounced when a broad range of new, largely untested substrates are introduced, leading to an increased heterogeneity of organic material entering the reactors. In the case of currently the most common reactor type; the continuous stirred-tank biogas reactor (CSTBR); such problems may include shifts in rheology (i.e. fluid behaviour) of the anaerobic digester sludge. This may lead to increased energy consumption and decreased digester mixing efficiencies, which in turn may lead to inefficient biogas processes, ultimately decreasing the economic and environmental viability of biogas production. Much is still unknown regarding how rheology shifts happen in biogas reactors, particularly when it comes to what role the substrate plays in rheological dynamics, as compared to the microbial community during varying levels of biogas process stability. This thesis elucidates the interactions between substrate type, microbial community and its metabolic activity, and anaerobic sludge rheology. A number of sludge samples from mesophilic and thermophilic CSTBRs digesting a broad range of substrates was analysed for their rheology. The specific effects of individual substrate types on CSTBR sludge rheology and the resulting implications for stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency were investigated. In order to also asses to which extent the microbial metabolism affects rheology at different levels of process disturbance, an experiment with a trace-element-induced inhibition of specific metabolic pathways under mesophilic reactor conditions was performed. This was used to identify the sequence of different interactions that occur in the reactor after the process begins to fail, and to evaluate how these interactions link to changes in digester sludge rheology. Finally, a case study of a disturbed thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was performed, including the monitoring of the response of rheology in relation to process stability, which was modified by changing trace element concentrations. The use of artificial substrate without polymeric compounds in both cases allowed for an evaluation of effects of the microbial community and its metabolic products on rheology without including the effects of complex substrates. The results showed that substrate type has a large effect on how different process parameters correlate with fluid behaviour. This was particularly apparent in the case of total solids and total volatile solids, which correlated well with rheological parameters for samples from reactors digesting agricultural waste, sewage sludge, paper mill waste, or food waste, but not for mesophilic co-digesters. Among the different substrates investigated, food waste was generally observed to lead to the highest limit viscosities (i.e. apparent viscosities at high shear rates, where it becomes linear and constant) of the anaerobic sludge, while digestion of paper mill waste and thermophilic co-digestion led to some of the lowest. No fluid type could be clearly coupled to a specific substrate, but it could be observed that increased solids content could generally be associated with more complex, non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The differences in fluid characteristics between reactors corresponded to large differences in modelled stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency. The results indicated that fluids with high values of rheological parameters, such as the consistency index (K) or yield stress (?0), would likely require more power or an adapted stirring system to achieve complete mixing. The substrates generally contributed more to the rheology characteristics of the anaerobic sludge than microbial cells on their own. Trace element-induced process disturbance initially led to the inhibition of specific microbial groups among methanogenic archaea or their syntrophic partners, which later escalated to broader inhibition of many microbial groups due to the accumulation of fermentation products. This resulted in microbial cell washout with a corresponding decrease of the contribution of the cells to anaerobic sludge rheology. A recovery of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was possible after the supplementation of selenium and tungsten was increased, resulting in increased propionate turnover rates, growing cell densities, and higher viscosity. Major shifts in the methanogenic community were observed, corresponding to the level of process stability. It could be concluded based on these experiments that the specific effect of microbial cells and their activity on sludge rheology were linked to cell density, which corresponded to process stability. A conceptual scheme was developed based on the studies in this thesis, defining complex interactions between substrate, microbial metabolism, and anaerobic sludge rheology in biogas processes. The possible causes of rheology shifts are visualised and discussed. Med anledning av att antropogena utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter att påverka vår miljö negativt, blir det allt viktigare att identifiera och implementera förnybara teknologier. Biogasproduktion, genom anaerob rötning, bidrar till att sammanlänka avfallshantering med förnybar energiomvandling samt möjliggör för cirkulära bioekonomier, avgörande för en hållbar framtid. För att biogas ska utgöra en central roll som förnybar energibärare i samhället måste omfattningen av dess produktion ökas avsevärt. Nya substrat behöver introduceras, samtidigt som den organiska belastningen i existerande biogasreaktorer ökas, med syfte att öka produktionshastigheten. Detta bidrar emellertid till utmaningar avseende att upprätthålla processtabilitet, med ökad risk för processtörningar, inklusive nya typer av problem. Dessa svårigheter kan vara särskilt uttalade när nya, i stort sett otestade substrat, introduceras, vilket leder till ökad heterogenitet av organiskt material till reaktorerna. I tankreaktorer med omrörning (CSTBR), som i nuläget är den vanligast förekommande reaktortypen, kan sådana processförändringar innebära förändringar i reologiska egenskaper hos rötvätskor. Detta kan i sin tur leda till ökad energiförbrukning och lägre omrörningseffektivitet, vilket kan försämra biogasprocessens effektivitet samt bidra till minskad ekonomisk avkastning och minskade miljömässiga vinster. Det råder fortfarande oklarheter gällande reologiska förändringar av rötkammarmaterial i biogasreaktorer, särskilt med avseende på val av substrat i jämförelse med mikroorganismernas roll under varierade betingelser av processtabilitet. Denna avhandling belyser interaktioner mellan typ av substrat, mikrobiella samhällen och deras metaboliska aktivitet och reologiska egenskaper av rötslam. Reologisk karaktärisering av rötvätskor från mesofila och termofila CSTBRs, som rötade ett brett spektrum av substrat, genomfördes. De specifika effekterna av individuella substrattyper på korresponderande rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper och dess implikationer för omrörning undersöktes. För att även kunna bedöma i vilken utsträckning den mikrobiella metabolismen inverkar på rötvätskors reologi, vid olika nivåer av processtörning, genomfördes en fallstudie med spårelement-inducerad inhibering av specifika metaboliska vägar, under mesofila reaktorbetingelser. Denna studie användes för att identifiera sekvensen av olika interaktioner som uppträder i reaktorn när processtörningar uppstår och för att utvärdera hur dessa interaktioner kopplar till förändringar i slamreologi. Slutligen genomfördes en fallstudie av en termofil biogasprocess innefattande karaktärisering av reaktormaterialets reologi i respons till förändringar i processtabilitet orsakad av förändrade spårelementkoncentrationer. I båda dessa fallstudier, möjliggjorde användningen av ett artificiellt substrat utan komplexa polymerer, att mikrobiella effekter på förändringar i rötvätskans reologi kunde studeras frånkopplat effekter av komplexa substrat. Resultaten visade att substrattyp har stor inverkan på hur olika processparametrar korrelerar med rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper. Detta var särskilt tydligt med avseende på andelen totala respektive organiska fasta ämnen, vilka korrelerade väl med reologiska parametrar för rötvätskor från reaktorer som rötade jordbruksrester, avloppsslam, avfall från pappersbruk, respektive matavfall, men ej för rötvätskor från mesofila samrötningsanläggningar. Av de undersökta substrattyperna bidrog rötning av matavfall generellt till anaerobt slam med högst uppmätta värdena för gränsviskositet (dvs när viskositeten blir linjär och konstant vid ökade skjuvhastigheter), medan rötning av avfall från pappersbruk respektive termofil samrötning av olika substrat bidrog till de lägsta värdena för gränsviskoistet. Ingen reologisk vätsketyp kunde tydligt kopplas till en specifik substrattyp, men ökad mängd torrsubstans i rötvästkan kunde generellt associeras med komplexa, icke-newtonska, flödesegenskaper. Skillnaderna i flödesegenskaper motsvarade stora skillnader i behov av omrörningskraft och omrörningseffektivitet. Resultaten indikerade att rötvätskor med höga reologiska värden, exempelvis för konsistensindex (K) eller flytgräns (?0), sannolikt kräver mer energi eller ett anpassat system för effektivare omrörning. Generellt bidrog substratet mer till rötvätskans reologiska egenskaper än de mikrobiella cellerna på egen hand. Inducerad spårämnesbrist i genomfört reaktorförök ledde i början till en hämning av specifika mikrobiella grupper inom metanogena arkéer och deras syntrofa partners, vilket i sin tur bidrog till en bredare hämning av flera mikrobiella grupper orsakad av ackumulering av olika fermentationsprodukter. Detta resulterade i ursköljning av cellbiomassa vilket i sin tur minskade deras effekt på slammets reologiska egenskaper. En återhämtning av den termofila biogasprocessen var möjlig efter ökade tillsatser av spårelementen selen och volfram, vilket resulterade i snabbare omsättning av propionsyra, förhöjd celldensitet och viskositet. Stora förändringar observerades samtidigt inom det metanogena samhället, vilka var kopplade till olika nivåer av processtabilitet. Den specifika effekten av mikroorganismerna och deras aktivitet med avseende på slammens reologiska egenskaper var kopplad till celldensitet, vilket motsvarade processtabiliteten. Ett konceptuellt schema utvecklades baserat på resultat av beskrivna studier för att visualisera komplexa interaktioner mellan substrat, mikrobiell metabolism, och reologi av anaerobt slam i biogasprocesser. De möjliga orsakerna till reologiska förändringar visualiseras och diskuteras.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Reactors by : Carlos Augustos de Lemos Chernicharo
Download or read book Anaerobic Reactors written by Carlos Augustos de Lemos Chernicharo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic Reactors is the forth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The fundamentals of anaerobic treatment are presented in detail, including its applicability, microbiology, biochemistry and main reactor configurations. Two reactor types are analysed in more detail, namely anaerobic filters and especially UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors. Particular attention is also devoted to the post-treatment of the effluents from the anaerobic reactors. The book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines for anaerobic reactors. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Book Synopsis Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by : Maulin P. Shah
Download or read book Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advances and trends in the use of bioreactors for treating industrial wastewater.
Book Synopsis Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology by : Marcell Nikolausz
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability by : Vincenzo Naddeo
Download or read book Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability written by Vincenzo Naddeo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes selected contributions presented during the 2nd edition of the international conference on WaterEnergyNEXUS which was held in Salerno, Italy in November 2018. This conference was organized by the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) of the University of Salerno (Italy) in cooperation with Advanced Institute of Water Industry at Kyungpook National University (Korea) and with The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI (India). The initiative received the patronage of UNESCO – World Water Association Programme (WWAP) and of the International Water Association (IWA) and was organized with the support of Springer (MENA Publishing Program), Arab Water Council (AWC), Korean Society of Environmental Engineering (KSEE) and Italian Society of Sanitary Environmental Engineering Professors (GITISA). With the support of international experts invited as plenary and keynote speakers, the conference aimed to give a platform for Euro-Mediterranean countries to share and discuss key topics on such water-energy issues through the presentation of nature-based solutions, advanced technologies and best practices for a more sustainable environment. This volume gives a general and brief overview on current research focusing on emerging Water-Energy-Nexus issues and challenges and its potential applications to a variety of environmental problems that are impacting the Euro-Mediterranean zone and surrounding regions. A selection of novel and alternative solutions applied worldwide are included. The volume contains over about one hundred carefully refereed contributions from 44 countries worldwide selected for the conference. Topics covered include (1) Nexus framework and governance, (2) Environmental solutions for the sustainable development of the water sector, (3) future clean energy technologies and systems under water constraints, (4) environmental engineering and management, (5) Implementation and best practices Intended for researchers in environmental engineering, environmental science, chemistry, and civil engineering. This volume is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in both water and energy sectors.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production by : Samir Kumar Khanal
Download or read book Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production written by Samir Kumar Khanal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.
Book Synopsis Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents by : Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Download or read book Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.
Book Synopsis Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources by : Dieter Deublein
Download or read book Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources written by Dieter Deublein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written as a practical introduction to biogas plant design and operation, this book fills a huge gap by presenting a systematic guide to this emerging technology -- information otherwise only available in poorly intelligible reports by US governmental and other official agencies. The author draws on teaching material from a university course as well as a wide variety of industrial biogas projects he has been involved with, thus combining didactical skill with real-life examples. Alongside biological and technical aspects of biogas generation, this timely work also looks at safety and legal aspects as well as environmental considerations.
Book Synopsis Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment by : Juan M. Lema
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste by : F. Cecchi
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste written by F. Cecchi and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1993-05-31 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no description available for this title
